The impact of lymph node density as a predictive factor for survival and recurrence of tongue squamous cell carcinoma.

The oral tongue is considered the most frequently involved site in cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Lymph node (LN) density, defined as the number of positive LNs divided by the total number of resected LNs, is considered an important prognostic factor in OSCC; however the cut-off point remains uncertain. A retrospective study was performed involving 104 patients who underwent a glossectomy procedure for oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) between the years 2008 and 2018. LN density and other related prognostic factors, including pathological N-stage (pN), extranodal extension (ENE), perineural invasion (PNI), and depth of invasion (DOI), were investigated in relation to survival and recurrence rates. pN + stage, the presence of ENE, the presence of PNI, and increased DOI were found to be associated with increased LN density values, as well as lower patient survival and higher recurrence rates. The statistical analysis identified a cut-off point for LN density of 2.5%. In advanced stage disease, LN density values above 2.5% had a significant impact on the survival rate (P = 0.005), as well as the recurrence rate (P = 0.038). In conclusion, in addition to other previously known prognostic factors, LN density may serve as a strong prognostic factor for survival and recurrence in patients with advanced- and early-stage OTSCC.

Candida glabrata infection after total hip arthroplasty.

Only two incidents of periprosthetic infection due to Candida glabrata have been reported in the literature. We report successful treatment of a total hip replacement infected with this rare organism by a two-stage revision and synergistic combination antifungal therapy with Amphotericin B and 5-Flucytosine.

Beta-thalassemia: the Lebanese experience.

Beta-thalassemia is a hereditary anemia that is quite prevalent in Lebanon. Most patients with beta-Thalassemia are treated and followed up mostly at a multidisciplinary center, located in the suburban area of Beirut: the Chronic Care Center (CCC), operational since 1994. We will review the experience with beta-Thalassemia accumulated through this institution. Four hundred and twenty five patients, aged 2 to 68 years are followed up at the CCC. Sixty four percent have thalassemia major (TM) while 36% have thalassemia intermedia (TI). Lebanese patients with TM receive periodic packed red cell transfusions to maintain a pre-transfusional hemoglobin level of 10 gm/dl at all times and desferrioxamine is the standard iron chelator in use. Since 1994, 12 patients with TM have died from complications of their disease, with heart failure being responsible for the majority of deaths. The incidence of cardiac, endocrinologic, and infectious complications will be reviewed. Finally, both current and prospective preventive measures will be discussed, specifically educational campaigns and premarital screening. The effects of prevention are starting to show as the number of newly diagnosed disease is diminishing.

Screening for inherited thrombophilia might be warranted among Eastern Mediterranean sickle-beta-0 thalassemia patients.

BACKGROUND: The role of genetic thrombophilia in the development of both micro and macro vascular complications in patients with hemoglobinopathies (Sickle cell disease and thalassemia) have been investigated with some studies negating its role while others suggesting it. Lebanon is known to harbor sickle cell disease, thalassemia and sickle beta-thalassemia hemoglobinopathy patients along with a documented high prevalence of genetic thrombophilia mutations. METHODS: Twelve sickle beta-0-thalassemia patients with no pervious history of thrombotic events were selected. These patients underwent a physical examination with history, echo Doppler, along with blood withdrawal for complete blood count and PCR analysis of a sample of DNA for Factor V Leiden G1691A, Factor II G20210A, and MTHFR C677T. Results were compared to a historical control of 50 Lebanese controls and 50 LebaneseThalassemia Intermedia (TI) patients. RESULTS: The results showed that 42%, 59%, and 8% of patients carried heterozygous Factor V Leiden, abnormal (homozygous & heterozygous) MTHFR, and heterozygous Factor II mutations respectively. The sickle-thalassemia patients were 5.24 and 4.39 times more likely to have Factor V Leiden as compared to the normal controls and TI patients respectively (p < 0.05). DISCUSSION: The increased prevalence of more than one prothrombotic genetic mutation among the group indicates a probable clustering phenomenon, unknown to us to which the high consanguinity rate (77%) may have contributed. The role of the specific MTHFR and Factor V Leiden double heterozygous combination in incidence, recurrence, and guidance of duration of therapy in VTE is not well defined in the literature despite the recognized higher risk of thrombosis among this patient population. Our findings suggest that genetic thrombophilia workup is necessary in patients with sickle-beta zero thalassemia presenting with thrombotic events and studies that include a larger number of patients are necessary in order to define specific guidelines.