Collective strategy for facing occupational risks of a nursing team.

OBJECTIVE: To socialize an educational action through the process of group discussion and reflection, with the aim to increase the care of nursing workers in facing occupational risks. METHOD: A qualitative descriptive study using the Convergent Care Research modality with nursing staff working in an emergency department of a hospital in the northwest region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Data collection was carried out through educational workshops and information was processed using content analysis, resulting in two thematic categories: A look at the knowledge and practices about occupational risks in nursing; and adherence to protective measures by the nursing team against occupational risks. RESULTS: Twenty-four (24) workers participated in the study. When challenged to critically look at their actions, the subjects found that they relate the use of safety devices to situations in which they are aware of the patient's serological status. CONCLUSION: Subjects' interaction, involvement and co-responsibility in the health education process were determinant for their reflection on risky practices. They also had the potential to modify unsafe behaviors. OBJETIVO: Socializar uma ação educativa, por meio de um processo de discussão e reflexão em grupo, com vistas a ampliar o cuidado dos trabalhadores de enfermagem frente aos riscos ocupacionais. MÉTODO: Estudo qualitativo, descritivo na modalidade Pesquisa Convergente Assistencial, com trabalhadores da equipe de enfermagem que atuavam no pronto atendimento de um hospital da região noroeste do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de oficinas educativas, e o tratamento das informações, por análise de conteúdo, resultando em duas categorias temáticas: Um olhar direcionado a saberes e práticas sobre riscos ocupacionais na enfermagem e Adesão às medidas de proteção pela equipe de enfermagem frente aos riscos ocupacionais. RESULTADOS: Integraram o estudo 24 trabalhadores. Ao serem desafiados a olhar criticamente sobre seu fazer, os sujeitos constataram que vinculam o uso dos dispositivos de segurança a situações em que conhecem o status sorológico do paciente. CONCLUSÃO: A interação, o envolvimento e a corresponsabilização dos sujeitos no processo de educação em saúde foram determinantes para a reflexão das práticas de risco, bem como tiveram potencial para modificar comportamentos inseguros. OBJETIVO: Socializar una acción educativa a través de un proceso de discusión y reflexión grupal, con el fin de ampliar el cuidado de los trabajadores de enfermería en relación a los riesgos ocupacionales. MÉTODO: Estudio cualitativo, descriptivo en modalidad de Investigación Convergente Asistencial, con trabajadores del equipo de enfermería que actuaban en el servicio de urgencia de un hospital de la región noroeste del estado de Rio Grande del Sur. La recolección de datos se realizó a través de talleres educativos y el tratamiento de las informaciones por análisis de contenidos, lo que resultó en dos categorías temáticas: una mirada dirigida a los saberes y las prácticas relacionadas a riesgos ocupacionales y la adhesión a las medidas de protección por el equipo de enfermería para los riesgos ocupacionales. RESULTADOS: El estudio incluyó 24 trabajadores a los que cuando se presentó el desafío de observar su críticamente sus acciones, constataron que relacionan el uso de los dispositivos de seguridad a las situaciones en que el status serológico de los pacientes es ya conocido. CONCLUSIÓN: La interacción, el involucramiento y la corresponsabilidad de los sujetos en el proceso de educación en salud son determinantes para la reflexión sobre las practicas riesgosas y tienen potencial para modificar comportamientos inseguros.

[Adolescent support networks in a health care context: the interface between health, family and education]. / Redes de apoio ao adolescente no contexto do cuidado à saúde: interface entre saúde, família e educação.

OBJECTIVE: Analyze adolescents' perceptions about support networks and their health needs. METHOD: Analytical and interpretive study using focus groups conducted in municipal state schools in Fortaleza, in the State of Ceará during the first semester of 2012. The sample comprised 36 male and female adolescents aged between 13 and 16 years attending the ninth grade of the second phase of elementary school. RESULTS: Thematic analysis revealed that the health care support network and interaction between health professionals, education professionals and family members was insufficient, constituting a lack of an integrated network to enable and provide support for health promotion. CONCLUSION: Coordination between education, health and family services has the potential to act as a support network to help meet adolescents' healthcare needs and demands.

Sleep duration and quality of Brazilian nursing staff who work in shifts.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze sleep duration and sleep quality in nursing professionals who work in shifts. METHOD: this is a cross-sectional, analytical research, carried out between September 2017 and April 2018, at a public hospital in southern Brazil, with the nursing team. A socio-occupational and health symptoms questionnaire, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were used. Data are presented as descriptive and inferential statistics, bivariate analysis, and binary logistic regression. RESULTS: participants were 308 nursing professionals with a predominance of long-term sleep, absence of drowsiness, and poor sleep quality. Short-term sleep (<6h) was associated with day shift and poor sleep quality. Sleep quality was associated with presence excessive daytime sleepiness and work day shift. CONCLUSION: work shift, insomnia and headache were the main factors related short-term sleep for nursing professionals. The results may justify the development of intervention research for workers' health.

The invisibility of the cognitive cost of military police work.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the cognitive cost of work for military police officers in the state of Rio de Janeiro. METHOD: This is a cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, carried out with 446 military police officers, of both sexes, distributed between non-commissioned officers and officers, in the 7th, 15th, 20th, 24th and 41st Military Police Battalions. An instrument was used to depict sociodemographic, work, lifestyle and health conditions and a scale for assessing the human cost of work, which analyses the demands of the job through physical, cognitive and affective costs. The data was organized, processed and analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software, version 13.1. RESULTS: The cognitive cost had the highest means, with severe results (µ = 3.86; SD = 0.86), representing greater demands in relation to the human cost of work among military police officers in the state of Rio de Janeiro and significant associations in relation to obesity, cognitive alterations in attention and memory, age and hours of sleep. CONCLUSION: In assessing the human cost of work, the cognitive cost was the most demanding in the work context of the military police officers surveyed, presenting a serious risk of illness.

Musculoskeletal pain among nursing professionals in material and sterilization centers.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the presence of musculoskeletal pain during the working day among nursing professionals in material and sterilization centers. METHOD: A cross-sectional study with 36 nursing professionals who answered a questionnaire for personal characterization and diagnosis of musculoskeletal disorders and Corlett and Manenica's diagram of painful areas at the beginning and end of the working day. Frequency distribution analysis, Fisher's exact test and likelihood ratio were carried out. RESULTS: The presence of pain was reported by 80.6% (n = 29) of the participants at the start of the working day and 94.4% (n = 34) at the end, and the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders was 66.6% (n = 24). There was a statistically significant difference in the number of segments with pain between professionals with and without a diagnosis of musculoskeletal disorders, in the initial and final assessments. The lumbar spine had a higher prevalence of pain in both assessments. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of pain increased towards the end of the working day and indicates that there may be a relationship between the work process and the development of pain. It is important to identify working conditions that may contribute to the onset of pain and to adopt preventive measures.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis latent infection in healthcare students: systematic review of prevalence.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to synthesize the evidence on the prevalence of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (LTBI) among undergraduate health care students. METHODS: A systematic review of prevalence with meta-analysis was conducted. Prospective and retrospective cohorts and cross-sectional studies involving probable exposure to M. tuberculosis during undergraduate education, along with the tuberculin skin test (TST) or interferon-γ release assay (IGRA) for investigation of latent tuberculosis were searched. Searches were conducted in MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, LILACS, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Independent reviewers were responsible for the selection and inclusion of studies. Data were extracted, critically appraised, and synthesized using the JBI approach. PRISMA was used to report the study. RESULTS: Twenty-two studies were analyzed. The overall prevalence in healthcare undergraduate students was 12.53%. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of LTBI in undergraduate health students was high for such a highly educated population. Screening with TST and/or IGRA and chemoprophylaxis, when necessary, should be provided to undergraduate health students when in contact with respiratory symptomatic patients.

The hidden severity of the COVID-19 pandemic in children and adolescents in Brazil: a territorial analysis of hospital mortality. / A gravidade oculta da pandemia de COVID-19 em crianças e adolescentes no Brasil: uma análise territorial da mortalidade hospitalar.

This article aims to describe the geographical distribution of hospital mortality from COVID-19 in children and adolescents during the 2020-2021 pandemic in Brazil. Ecological, census study (SIVEP GRIPE) with individuals up to 19 years of age, hospitalized with SARS due to COVID-19 or SARS not specified in Brazilian municipalities, stratified in two ways: 1) in the five macro-regions and 2) in three urban agglomerations: capital, municipalities of the metropolitan region and non-capital municipalities. There were 44 hospitalizations/100,000 inhabitants due to COVID-19 and 241/100,000 when including unspecified SARS (estimated underreporting of 81.8%). There were 1,888 deaths by COVID-19 and 4,471 deaths if added to unspecified SARS, estimating 57.8% of unreported deaths. Hospital mortality was 2.3 times higher in the macro-regions when considering only the cases of COVID-19, with the exception of the North and Center-West regions. Higher hospital mortality was also recorded in non-capital municipalities. The urban setting was associated with higher SARS hospital mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. Living in the North and Northeast macro-regions, and far from the capitals offered a higher risk of mortality for children and adolescents who required hospitalization.

O objetivo deste artigo é descrever a distribuição geográfica da mortalidade hospitalar por COVID-19 em crianças e adolescentes durante a pandemia de 2020-2021 no Brasil. Estudo ecológico, censitário (SIVEP GRIPE), de indivíduos até 19 anos, internados com SRAG por COVID-19 ou SRAG não especificada, em municípios brasileiros, estratificados de duas formas: 1) nas cinco macrorregiões e 2) em três aglomerados urbanos: capital, municípios da região metropolitana e do interior. Verificou-se 44 internações/100 mil habitantes por COVID-19 e 241/100 mil ao se incluir a SRAG não especificada (subnotificação estimada de 81,8%). Ocorreram1.888 óbitos por COVID-19 e 4.471 óbitos se somados à SRAG não especificada, estimando-se subnotificação de 57,8% dos óbitos. A mortalidade hospitalar foi 2,3 vezes maior nas macrorregiões quando considerados apenas os casos de COVID-19, com exceção das regiões Norte e Centro-Oeste. Registrou-se também maior mortalidade hospitalar em municípios do interior. O contexto urbano esteve associado à maior mortalidade hospitalar por SRAG durante a pandemia de COVID-19 no Brasil. Residir nas macrorregiões Norte e Nordeste, e distante das capitais, ofereceu maior risco de mortalidade para crianças e adolescentes que necessitaram hospitalização.

Precarious work at a surgical center: implications for the organization and for the health of nursing workers.

OBJECTIVES: to analyze the implications of precarious work for the organization of work and for the health of nursing professionals in a surgical center. METHODS: qualitative, descriptive study in which the interview technique was applied on 30 nursing professionals from a surgical center in a university hospital located in the Southeast region of Brazil. The project was approved by the research ethics committee. Thematic content analysis was applied in the categorization of speeches. RESULTS: precarious work in the surgical center negatively affects the organization of work due to staff turnover, loss of skilled talent, and the need for continuous training of temporary workers. It also affects the quality of care, leading to risks to patient safety and workers' health.Final Considerations: it is important to make work conditions less precarious in order to minimize staff turnover and promote the quality of the service offered and the health of the worker.

Hospital mortality from covid-19 in children and adolescents in Brazil in 2020-2021.

OBJECTIVE: To describe cases, deaths, and hospital mortality from covid-19 in children and adolescents in Brazil, according to age group, during the evolving phases of the pandemic in 2020 and 2021. METHODS: Census of patients aged up to 19 committed with severe acute respiratory syndrome, due to covid-19 or unspecified, notified to the Brazilian Influenza Epidemiological Surveillance Information System, from January 1, 2020, to December 31, 2021. The two years were divided into six phases, covering the spread of the disease-first, second and third wave-as well as the impact of vaccination. The pediatric population was categorized into infants, preschoolers, schoolchildren, and adolescents. Hospital mortality was assessed by pandemic phase and age group. RESULTS: A total of 144,041 patients were recorded in the two years, 18.2% of whom had confirmed cases of covid-19. Children under 5 years old (infants and preschoolers) accounted for 62.8% of those hospitalized. A total of 4,471 patients died, representing about 6.1 deaths per day. Infants were the ones who most progressed to the intensive care unit (24.7%) and had the highest gross number of deaths (n = 2,012), but mortality was higher among adolescents (5.7%), reaching 9.8% in phase 1. The first peak of deaths occurred in phase 1 (May/2020), and two other peaks occurred in phase 4 (March/2021 and May/2021). There was an increase in cases and deaths for younger ages since phase 4. Hospital mortality in the pediatric population was higher in phases 1, 4, and 6, following the phenomena of dissemination/interiorization of the virus in the country, beginning of the second wave and beginning of the third wave, respectively. CONCLUSION: The absolute number of cases of covid-19 in children and adolescents is significant. Although complete vaccination in descending order of age provided a natural deviation in age range, there was a greater gap between the curve of new hospitalized cases and the curve of deaths, indicating the positive impact of immunization.

Access of people with pulmonary tuberculosis to government programs: Primary Care professionals' perceptions.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze Primary Health Care professionals' perceptions about the access of people with pulmonary tuberculosis to government social support and income transfer programs. METHODS: multicenter/qualitative study, carried out in Family Health Units in four Brazilian capitals: Belém/Pará, Campo Grande/Mato Grosso do Sul, Recife/Pernambuco and Rio de Janeiro/Rio de Janeiro. Fifty-eight professionals participated (social workers, dentists, nurses, pharmacists, physicians and nursing technicians), who provided assistance to people with pulmonary tuberculosis. Individual interviews were conducted, and the content analysis technique was used. RESULTS: among the participants, 45/77.6% were women and 33/56.9% were between 25 and 40 years old. Two thematic categories were organized, demonstrating the perceptions about the possibilities of access to government programs by people with pulmonary tuberculosis in vulnerable situations and the obstacles inherent to this context. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: it is necessary to move forward in improving patient access to social programs.

Factors associated with presenteeism in outpatient nursing professionals.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the sociodemographic, work and health profile of nursing professionals working in university outpatient clinics and their association with presenteeism. METHOD: Cross-sectional study carried out with 388 nursing workers from 11 university outpatient units in the city of Rio de Janeiro. A sociodemographic questionnaire and the SPS-6 scale were used. The crossed-product odds ratio and their respective 95% confidence intervals were calculated. RESULTS: Presenteeism was found in more than half of the professionals (51%, n=198), with the odds ratio being 2.12 times higher (95% CI 1.02-4.40) in professionals with a stable work bond, 6.67 times (95% CI 2.51-17.67) in chronic patients, and 3.06 times (95% CI 1.97-4.74) in patients with absenteeism behavior. CONCLUSION: There is a relationship between presenteeism and the profile of nursing professionals. Many productive hours may be being lost, in view of the presenteeism behavior of the participants.

Covid-19 pandemic and Brazilian Nursing: unveiling meanings of work.

The objective of this study was to reflect on the meanings of the work of Brazilian nursing care in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic. This is a theoretical study anchored in the definition of meanings of work, according to Estelle Morin's perspective. The work developed by nursing professionals became even more evident in pandemic times, with the precarious conditions of health services in Brazil coming to light. During the pandemic, the incorporation of meanings of work became more important, given that the society recognized the relevance of these professionals in dealing with the pandemic, and this allowed the discussion about their social, political, and economic recognition. The impacts of nursing performance during the Covid-19 pandemic are related to the economic issue, social values, autonomy in the exercise of the profession, recognition, and safety, reflecting on the sense of purpose of work. Thus, the work that makes sense for nursing professionals is related to professional appreciation, specifically, to salary recognition, while what makes no sense is what hinders intellectual, cognitive, and financial progress. Thus, conditions were imposed that give directions to ambivalent meanings to work.

Management styles in outpatient nursing work: impacts on the worker's health.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze management styles in outpatient clinics of university hospitals and their impacts on the nursing workers' health. METHOD: Quantitative, cross-sectional study with 388 nursing professionals working in 11 outpatient clinics linked to public universities in Rio de Janeiro. The Management Styles Scale, the Pathogenic Suffering at Work Scale, and the Work-Related Physical and Psychosocial Harms Scale were used. RESULTS: The managerial and collective management styles showed a moderate presence for the outpatient clinics nursing staff. The characteristics of the predominantly managerial management style, evidenced by the lack of participation in decision-making, the strongly hierarchical work, focused on norms and control, acted as predictors of the experiences of suffering and of the physical, psychological, and social damages presented by the professionals working in this context. CONCLUSION: The analysis of management styles allowed elucidating characteristics that have the potential to negatively impact the workers' health, highlighting the need to review the management models currently adopted for the outpatient nursing team.

Access to government social programs and the tuberculosis control program: a multicenter study.

OBJECTIVES: to analyze government social initiatives aimed at people with tuberculosis and the possibilities of access to government social programs and income transfers through the perception of tuberculosis program managers. METHODS: descriptive, qualitative study with 19 managers from Belém, Recife, Campo Grande, and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Thematic content analysis was used. RESULTS: there is no specific government social support for people with tuberculosis; the benefits are intended for people in social vulnerability. There are partnerships between the institutions of the secondary social healthcare network, social assistance, and community institutions. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: the support of official bodies is important for the control of tuberculosis; however, the profile of people's vulnerability is a determining factor for access to/destination of resources from these government social support programs.

Knowledge about antineoplastic drugs: implications for the health of nursing workers in a general hospital.

OBJECTIVES: to understand, from a worker's health perspective, the knowledge of nursing professionals about the use of antineoplastic drugs in a general hospital. METHODS: a descriptive and exploratory study with a qualitative approach. It was conducted at a university hospital, between April and August 2018, with 35 nursing professionals who responded to a semi-structured interview. Thematic analysis was used for data treatment. RESULTS: from the data, three thematic categories emerged, related to the nursing professionals' knowledge about antineoplastic drugs and their effects on workers' health; situations in which exposure to these drugs occurs; and protection mechanisms for the patient, the environment, and the worker. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: the nursing professionals had little knowledge about antineoplastic drugs. The practices related to handling and the necessary protective measures to deal with these drugs were empirically determined and relatively subsidized the knowledge acquired by the professionals.

Mental health interventions implemented in the COVID-19 pandemic: what is the evidence?

OBJECTIVE: to map the evidence on mental health interventions implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHOD: this scoping review was carried out in the MEDLINE/PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and Science Direct databases and in the medRxiv, bioRxiv, and PsyArXiv preprints servers using the descriptors "Covid-19", "coronavirus infection", "coronavirus", "2019-nCoV", "2019 novel coronavirus disease", "SARS-CoV-2", "health personnel", "general public", and "mental health". RESULTS: eight articles were selected and categorized into mental health interventions for the population, among which mental health interventions were for people diagnosed with suspicion/confirmed COVID-19 and mental health interventions for health professionals. CONCLUSION: telemonitoring, virtual games and strategies focused on social support and muscle relaxation techniques, characterized as non-pharmacological and low-cost, were shown as interventions, which, since they are effective, need to be encouraged and included in mental health care practices.

Nursing career anchors and professional exercise: is there alignment?

OBJECTIVE: to identify the types of career anchors of university hospital nurses and alignment with current work, from the perspective of workers' health. METHOD: a descriptive and quantitative study, developed in a university hospital with 135 nurses, from December 2018 to February 2019. The Career Orientations Inventory was used as an instrument and an instrument to assess the alignment of career anchors to the current job. RESULTS: it was identified that the most frequent anchors were: Security/Stability, Service/Dedication to a Cause, and Lifestyle. Among nurses, 63.7% were not aligned with their career anchor. CONCLUSION: the alignment factor is not prevalent among nurses, demonstrating that most seek to meet their professional motivations, but do not find it in their current work, which can lead to physical exhaustion and psychological distress.

Challenges for humanization in the work of Nursing educators.

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the challenges for humanization at work, from the perception of Nursing educators. METHOD: A descriptive, exploratory, and qualitative research study conducted at a public university in Espírito Santo, with 19 Nursing educators who answered the semi-structured interview. Thematic analysis was used for data treatment, constituting two categories: interpersonal relationships and work organization. RESULTS: The challenges for humanization at work were based on relational issues and work overload. Regarding interpersonal relationships, lack of respect and dialog and relationship problems were highlighted. Regarding the organization of work, it encompassed issues related to the content of tasks, workload, excess of activities, and work pressures. CONCLUSION: Relational elements and work organization are challenges for humanization, affecting the health of the educators and interfering in the organization of healthy and welcoming workspaces, contrary the National Humanization Policy.

Factors related to the risk of illness of nursing staff at work in a psychiatric institution.

OBJECTIVE: identify the associations between the sociodemographic, and work variables, health conditions and lifestyles, and the risks of illness of nursing workers in a psychiatric hospital. METHOD: analytical cross-sectional study. The sample of 74 workers answered a questionnaire for sociodemographic, work, health conditions and lifestyles survey characterization. The Work Context Assessment Scale and the Human Cost at Work Scale were used to evaluate the perception of the risks of illness in the interviewee's opinion. A descriptive and bivariate analysis was performed, with significance of 5%. RESULTS: the factors associated with the risk of illness were: insomnia complaints, night work and workday. CONCLUSION: the associations between the work variables, health conditions and life habits can harm the health of the nursing staff of a psychiatric hospital.

Humanization in the work of nursing faculty.

OBJECTIVE: To identify how nursing faculty perceive humanization at work; to describe the factors that enhance humanization and its implications on the health of nursing professors. METHOD: This was a descriptive and exploratory study carried out at a Brazilian public university with 19 nursing professors who answered a semi-structured interview. Thematic analysis was used to process data, yielding three analytical categories. RESULTS: The faculty indicated that humanization at work and the factors that enhance it are associated with interpersonal relationships, including dialogue and respect in work relationships, positively impacting their health. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: The effective achievement humanization at work is a possibility that generates health and wellbeing for nursing faculty.