Perimacular changes in Alport's syndrome.

From 1962 to 1977, 79 patients with Alport's syndrome underwent serial fundoscopic examination. In 29 patients (24 males, 5 females), symmetric bilateral perimacular changes were found, consisting of bright, whitish or yellowish dense granulations, surrounding the foveal area. Fluorescein angiography was normal in 8/8 studied cases. All 29 patients had bilateral lenticonus and neural hearing loss; ultrastructural lesion of glomerular basement membrane was present in 11/11 studied patients. Chronic renal failure developed in 26 patients, with 20 treated by maintenance hemodialysis. In contrast, perimacular lesions were absent in the other 50 patients (27 males, 23 females). Anterior lenticonus was detected in none; perceptive deafness was demonstrated in only 20; kidney ultrastructural lesions in 16 of 30 studied cases. Patients with perimacular changes had significantly earlier renal failure (P less than 0.001) than patients without. In conclusion, perimacular changes appear as a simple and reliable indicator of Alport's syndrome, often associated with early renal failure.

[Results of early treatment of congenital strabismus]. / Résultats du traitement précoce des strabismes congénitaux.

The authors analyse the results obtained after very early treatment of Esotropia in 38 children. These children were divided into 4 groups according to their age at the time of treatment. At the age of 30 months, they studied binocular vision, manifest latent nystagmus (NML) and dissociated vertical deviation (DVD). In groups 1 and 2, treatment was instituted before the age of 6 weeks (13 children) no DVD was noted, only one NML and 11 children have binocular vision. In groups 3 and 4, treatment was instituted after the age of 3 months (25 children) 4 cases of DVD and 10 of NML are noted, and only 9 children have binocular vision. In case of congenital esotropia, the authors recommend treatment before 2 months old to obtain a possibility of binocular vision and to decrease the risk of NML and DVD.

[Initial approach to the contribution of informatics to strabismology]. / Première approache de l'apport de l'informatique dans la strabologie.

The authors report the results obtained in 300 cases of strabismus, during one year, on a Computer Apple IIe. The best use of a simple program gave 156 research-keys, each fiche containing 60 keys. The authors pointed the high percentage of premature infants. They insist on the many future epidemiologic possibilities and the potentially better treatment choices.

[2 new visual acuity tests for children: the Cadet letters and Cadet images]. / Deux nouveaux tests d'acuité visuelle pour enfants: le Cadet lettres et le Cadet images.

The authors present two new visual tests for preschool children: the Cadet letters and the Cadet images, work of the Cadet (Cercle d'Action et de Dépistage des Troubles visuels de l'enfant). The Cadet lettres prospects the angular acuity of children on and after three years. The Cadet images prospects the psychomorphoscopic visual acuity of children on and after two years.

[Acute occlusion of a short posterior ciliary artery]. / Occlusion aiguë d'une artère ciliaire postérieure courte.

The angiographic aspect of a triangular syndrome examined at the acute stage is reported. They include exudative retinal detachment, non perfusion of the choroidal vessels in a large area, and dry leakage in the subretinal space. After healing, the findings are typical of temporal triangular syndrome.

[A new ophthalmologic refractometer assisted by a microprocessor]. / Nouveau réfractométre ophtalmologique assisté par microprocesseur.

A new, automated, objective refractometer has been developed in which the examiner looks at the ophthalmoscopic image, while a microprocessor analyzes the data automatically. The results can be displayed as well as printed. The reliability and accuracy of this instrument were evaluated. For spherical or cylindrical powers, 80 to 85% of the refractometer measurements differed from those of subjective refraction by only 0.50 diopter or less. For cylinder axis of eyes with 1.5 diopters or more of astigmatism, the automated and subjective refractions differed by no more than 5 degrees.

[Strabismus and parental function]. / Strabisme et fonction parentale.

In this work, the authors pointed out that the perturbation of connection between parents and children was the primary factor of squint in 10% in cases. They proved it with two examples.

[Psychological factors and strabismus]. / Troubles psychologiques et strabisme.

The purpose of this article is to understand the importance of psychological factors in the occurrence of Squint. Two psychologists have given their advise the understanding of interactions between failure in Squint and Children psychology. On 550 children 40 were studied during two years. We noted associated psychosomatics diseases and family factors.

Antioxidant activity of plasma from subjects with and without senile cataract.

The relationship between overall plasma antioxidant activity and senile cataract was examined in 148 subjects aged 37-90 years. Antioxidant activity of plasma from 52 control and 96 patients with senile cataract was determined by a method which measures the capacity of plasma to inhibit auto-oxidation of bovine brain homogenate. In contrast to previous studies which demonstrated a relationship between decreased levels of antioxidant components in blood and the occurrence of lens opacities, the present study does not show any significant difference between subjects with and without senile cataract.