Mechanism of Thermoelectric Performance Enhancement in CaMg2 Bi2 -Based Materials with Different Cation Site Doping.

Chemical bonds determine electron and phonon transport in solids. Tailoring chemical bonding in thermoelectric materials causes desirable or compromise thermoelectric transport properties. In this work, taking an example of CaMg2 Bi2 with covalent and ionic bonds, density functional theory calculations uncover that element Zn, respectively, replacing Ca and Mg sites cause the weakness of ionic and covalent bonding. Electrically, Zn doping at both Ca and Mg sites increases carrier concentration, while the former leads to higher carrier concentration than that of the latter because of its lower vacancy formation energy. Both doping types increase density-of-state effective mass but their mechanisms are different. The Zn doping Ca site induces resonance level in valence band and Zn doping Mg site promotes orbital alignment. Thermally, point defect and the change of phonon dispersion introduced by doping result in pronounced reduction of lattice thermal conductivity. Finally, combining with the further increase of carrier concentration caused by Na doping and the modulation of band structure and the decrease of lattice thermal conductivity caused by Ba doping, a high figure-of-merit ZT of 1.1 at 823 K in Zn doping Ca sample is realized, which is competitive in 1-2-2 Zintl phase thermoelectric systems.

Strain Engineering of Unconventional Crystal-Phase Noble Metal Nanocatalysts.

The crystal phase, alongside the composition, morphology, architecture, facet, size, and dimensionality, has been recognized as a critical factor influencing the properties of noble metal nanomaterials in various applications. In particular, unconventional crystal phases can potentially enable fascinating properties in noble metal nanomaterials. Recent years have witnessed notable advances in the phase engineering of nanomaterials (PEN). Within the accessible strategies for phase engineering, the effect of strain cannot be ignored because strain can act not only as the driving force of phase transition but also as the origin of the diverse physicochemical properties of the unconventional crystal phase. In this review, we highlight the development of unconventional crystal-phase noble metal nanomaterials within strain engineering. We begin with a short introduction of the unconventional crystal phase and strain effect in noble metal nanomaterials. Next, the correlations of the structure and performance of strain-engineered unconventional crystal-phase noble metal nanomaterials in electrocatalysis are highlighted, as well as the phase transitions of noble metal nanomaterials induced by the strain effect. Lastly, the challenges and opportunities within this rapidly developing field (i.e., the strain engineering of unconventional crystal-phase noble metal nanocatalysts) are discussed.

Development of a Facile Lysosome-Targeting Nitric Oxide Fluorescent Probe Based on a Novel Reaction Mechanism.

As a ubiquitous signal molecule in biosystems, nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in many physiological and pathological processes. Therefore, it is of great significance to detect NO in organisms for the study of related diseases. Currently, a variety of NO fluorescent probes have been developed based on several types of reaction mechanisms. However, due to the inherent disadvantages of these reactions, like potential interference by biologically related species, there is a great need to develop NO probes based on the new reactions. Herein, we report our discovery of the unprecedented reaction between a widely used fluorophore of 4-(dicyanomethylene)-2-methyl-6-(p-(dimethylamino)styryl)-4H-pyran (DCM) and NO under mild conditions with fluorescence changes. By the analysis of the structure of the product, we proved that DCM undergoes a particular nitration process and proposed a mechanism for fluorescence changes due to the interruption of the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) process of DCM by the nitrated product of DCM-NO2. Based on the understanding of this specific reaction, we then easily constructed our lysosomal-localized NO fluorescent probe LysoNO-DCM by linking DCM and a morpholine group, a lysosomal-targeting functional group. LysoNO-DCM exhibits excellent selectivity, sensitivity, pH stability, and outstanding lysosome localization ability with Pearson's colocalization coefficient of up to 0.92 and is successfully applied to the imaging of exogenous and endogenous NO in cells and zebrafish. Our studies expand design methods for NO fluorescence probes based on the novel reaction mechanism and will benefit the studies of this signaling molecule.

Efficacy and Safety of Sacral Neuromodulation by Converting Constant Frequency Stimulation Into Variable Frequency Stimulation in Patients With Detrusor Overactivity and Impaired Contractility: A Single-Center Prospective Study.

OBJECTIVES: In patients with detrusor overactivity with impaired contractility (DOIC), it is difficult to relieve abnormal lower urinary tract symptoms during both storage and voiding using sacral neuromodulation (SNM) with constant frequency stimulation (CFS). We sought to evaluate the efficacy and safety of SNM using variable frequency stimulation (VFS) in patients with DOIC by comparing it with outcomes of SNM with CFS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between September 2020 and May 2021, we prospectively enrolled 20 patients with DOIC, confirmed on urodynamic examination, and administered SNM with VFS. The patients were followed up and required to maintain voiding diaries and record scale scores of overactive bladder symptoms, psychology and quality of life, uroflowmetry, ultrasonic postvoid residual urine, and adverse events at baseline and during the CFS and VFS phases. RESULTS: The average testing phase was 26.3 ± 4.1 days. Compared with baseline values, overactive bladder symptom, psychologic health questionnaire, and quality of life scores, in addition to voiding frequency, urgency incontinence frequency, daily catheterization volume of voiding diary, and ultrasonic postvoid residual (PVR) decreased significantly during both the CFS and VFS phases (p < 0.05). The average voided volume, functional bladder capacity, and maximum urine flow rate significantly increased during the CFS and VFS phases (p < 0.05). In the VFS phase, voiding frequency, urgency incontinence frequency, daily catheterization volume of voiding diary, and ultrasonic PVR further decreased (p < 0.05), whereas functional bladder capacity, maximum urine flow rate, quality of life score, overactive bladder symptom score, and psychologic health questionnaire score further improved compared with results obtained in the CFS phase (p < 0.05). In the VFS phase, the success rate of further improvement of symptoms was 85.0%, and no new complications were noted. CONCLUSIONS: SNM that converts CFS into VFS may be an effective treatment option for patients with DOIC, exhibiting no increase in adverse events.

Hybrid Transition-Metal Oxide and Nitride@N-Doped Reduced Graphene Oxide Electrodes for High-Performance, Flexible, and All-Solid-State Supercapacitors.

Nanoscale composites for high-performance electrodes employed in flexible, all-solid-state supercapacitors are being developed. A series of binder-free composites, each consisting of a transition bimetal oxide, a metal oxide, and a metal nitride grown on N-doped reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-wrapped nickel foam are obtained by using a universal strategy. Three different transition metals, Co, Mo, and Fe, are separately compounded with nickel ions, which originate from the nickel foam, to form three composites, NiCoO2 @Co3 O4 @Co2 N, NiMoO4 @MoO3 @Mo2 N, and NiFe2 O4 @Fe3 O4 @Fe2 N, respectively. These as-prepared active materials have similar regular variation patterns in their properties, including better conductivity and battery-mimicking pseudocapacitance, which result in their high whole-electrode capacitance performance [2598.3 F g-1 (39.85 F cm-2 ), 3472.6 F g-1 (41.43 F cm-2 ) and 1907.5 F g-1 (3.41 F cm-2 ) for the composites incorporating Co, Mo, and Fe, respectively]. The as-assembled flexible, all-solid-state NiCoO2 @Co3 O4 @Co2 N//KOH/PVA//NiCoO2 @Co3 O4 @Co2 N device can be easily bent and exhibits high energy density and power density of 92.8 Wh kg-1 and 1670.4 W kg-1 , respectively. The universality of this design strategy could allow it to be employed in producing hybrid materials for high-performance energy-storage devices.

Manipulation of ionized impurity scattering for achieving high thermoelectric performance in n-type Mg3Sb2-based materials.

Achieving higher carrier mobility plays a pivotal role for obtaining potentially high thermoelectric performance. In principle, the carrier mobility is governed by the band structure as well as by the carrier scattering mechanism. Here, we demonstrate that by manipulating the carrier scattering mechanism in n-type Mg3Sb2-based materials, a substantial improvement in carrier mobility, and hence the power factor, can be achieved. In this work, Fe, Co, Hf, and Ta are doped on the Mg site of Mg3.2Sb1.5Bi0.49Te0.01, where the ionized impurity scattering crosses over to mixed ionized impurity and acoustic phonon scattering. A significant improvement in Hall mobility from ∼16 to ∼81 cm2⋅V-1⋅s-1 is obtained, thus leading to a notably enhanced power factor of ∼13 µW⋅cm-1⋅K-2 from ∼5 µW⋅cm-1⋅K-2 A simultaneous reduction in thermal conductivity is also achieved. Collectively, a figure of merit (ZT) of ∼1.7 is obtained at 773 K in Mg3.1Co0.1Sb1.5Bi0.49Te0.01 The concept of manipulating the carrier scattering mechanism to improve the mobility should also be applicable to other material systems.

Electrochemical Performance of Free-Standing and Flexible Graphene and TiO2 Composites with Different Conductive Polymers as Electrodes for Supercapacitors.

The advantage of using composite electrode materials for energy storage is, to a large extent, the synergistic role of their components. Our work focuses on the investigation of the interactions of each phase, exploring the patterns found with the change of materials to provide theoretical or experimental foundations for future study. Here, conductive polymers (CPs), including polyaniline (PANi), polypyrrole (PPy), and polythiophene (PTh), as well as reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and TiO2 with the different crystalline phases of anatase and rutile were applied to form a series of free-standing and flexible binary or ternary composite electrodes. The electrochemical behaviors of these composite electrodes are presented. The results indicate that the synergistic improvement in electrochemical performance is due to the incorporation of the different components. CPs significantly increase the current density of these composite films and contribute their pseudocapacitance to improve the specific capacitance, but lead to a decline in cycle stability. After introducing TiO2 , both the specific capacitance and the cycle-stability of rGO-TiO2 -CP were synergistically improved. A CP can magnify the pseudocapacitance behavior of any of the TiO2 crystalline phases, and interactions vary with the specific CP and the specific TiO2 crystalline phase employed. The synergistic effects of the as-prepared composites were theoretically predicted and explored.

MicroRNA-30e-5p promotes cell growth by targeting PTPN13 and indicates poor survival and recurrence in lung adenocarcinoma.

Aberrant microRNA expression is involved in the regulation of various cellular processes, such as proliferation and metastasis in multiple diseases including cancers. MicroRNA-30e-5p (miR-30e) was previously reported as an oncogenic or tumour suppressing miRNA in some malignancies, but its function in lung adenocarcinoma (LAC) remains largely undefined. In this study, we found that the expression of miR-30e was increased in LAC tissues and cell lines, associated with tumour size and represented an independent prognostic factor for overall survival and recurrence of LAC patients. Further functional experiments showed that knockdown of miR-30e suppressed cell growth while its overexpression promoted growth of LAC cells and xenografts in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, PTPN13 was identified as the direct target of miR-30e in LAC, in which PTPN13 expression was down-regulated in LAC tissues and showed the inverse correlation with miR-30e expression. Overexpression of PTPN13 inhibited cell growth and rescued the proliferation-promoting effect of miR-30e through inhibition of the EGFR signalling. Altogether, our findings suggest that miR-30e could function as an oncogene in LAC via targeting PTPN13 and act as a potential therapeutic target for treating LAC.

The effect of Sn doping on thermoelectric performance of n-type half-Heusler NbCoSb.

Herein, Sn was successfully doped into the Sb site of n-type NbCoSb half-Heusler compounds to tune the carrier concentration, and a maximum ZT value of ∼0.56 was obtained at 973 K for NbCoSb1-xSnx with x = 0.2, an increase of ∼40% as compared to that of NbCoSb. This enhancement is mainly attributed to the reduced carrier concentration by Sn doping, leading to a doubled Seebeck coefficient at 300 K. More importantly, the total thermal conductivity was reduced with Sn doping, and the reduction was mainly due to the lowered electron thermal conductivity. The decreased electron thermal conductivity resulted from the reduced carrier concentration and the consequent enhanced carrier degeneracy, contributing to a reduced Lorenz constant. A quantitative description of the electron transport characteristics was performed under a single parabolic band model supposing that the acoustic phonon scattering was dominant in the carrier transport. A high density of the state effective mass, m* ≈ 10 me, and relatively high deformation potential Edef = 21 eV were found for the solid solutions.

Pyrrole as a multi-functional additive to concurrently stabilize Zn anode and cathode via interphase regulation towards advanced aqueous zinc-ion battery.

The advancement of aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) is impeded by challenges encompassing cathodic and anodic aspects, such as limited capacity and dendrite formation, constraining their broader utilization. Herein, pyrrole, an economically viable and readily accessible compound, is proposed as a versatile electrolyte additive to address these challenges. Experiments and DFT calculations reveal that pyrrole and its derivatives preferentially adsorb onto zinc foil, facilitating the formation of a pyrrole-based solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), which effectively guides uniform Zn2+ deposition through strong attraction force and suppresses hydrogen evolution reactions and parasitic reactions. On the cathode side, the additive promotes the formation of a durable cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) enriched with poly-pyrrole (Ppy) analogues. Such layer significantly contributes to extra capacity of both polyaniline (PANI) and MnO2 cathodes by leveraging the electrochemical reactivity of Ppy towards Zn2+ and improves their cyclic stability. Consequently, a dendrite-free Zn anode is realized with an extended cyclic lifespan surpassing 6000 h in Zn//Zn cell, coupled with an average Coulombic efficiency of 99.7 % in Cu//Zn cell. Moreover, the PANI//Zn and MnO2//Zn full cells demonstrate enhanced capacities along with improved cycling stability. This work provides a new additive strategy towards concurrent stabilization of cathode and Zn anode in AZIBs.

Effect of aluminum on the thermoelectric properties of nanostructured PbTe.

In the present work, the effect of aluminum (Al) on the thermoelectric properties of PbTe is studied. Aluminum doped PbTe samples, fabricated by a ball milling and hot pressing, have Seebeck coefficients between -100 and -200 µV K-1 and electrical conductivities of (3.6-18) × 104 S m-1 at room temperature, which means that Al is an effective donor in PbTe. The first principle calculations clearly show an increase of the density of states close to the Fermi level in the conduction band due to Al doping, which averages up the energy and effective mass of electrons, resulting in enhancement of the Seebeck coefficient. The maximum figure-of-merit ZT of 1.2 is reached at 770 K in the Al0.03PbTe sample.

Effect of silicon and sodium on thermoelectric properties of thallium-doped lead telluride-based materials.

Thallium (Tl)-doped lead telluride (Tl(0.02)Pb(0.98)Te) thermoelectric materials fabricated by ball milling and hot pressing have decent thermoelectric properties but weak mechanical strength. Addition of silicon (Si) nanoparticles strengthened the mechanical property by reducing the grain size and defect density but resulted in low electrical conductivity that was not desired for any thermoelectric materials. Fortunately, doping of sodium (Na) into the Si added Tl(0.02)Pb(0.98)Te brings back the high electrical conductivity and yields higher figure-of-merit ZT values of ∼1.7 at 770 K. The ZT improvement by Si addition and Na doping in Tl(0.02)Pb(0.98)Te sample is the direct result of concurrent electron and phonon engineering by improving the power factor and lowering the thermal conductivity, respectively.

Nocturnal Bladder Function and Sleep in the Children with Refractory Nocturnal Enuresis: A Prospective Study.

OBJECTIVE: To prospectively investigate the nocturnal bladder function and sleep in children with refractory primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (RPMNE). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-three children diagnosed with RPMNE and 30 controls who had upper urinary tract abnormality but without any voiding problems were included in the study. RPMNE patients underwent a standardized investigation protocol, including the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire, a 7-day bladder diary, and the simultaneous ambulatory urodynamic monitoring and polysomnography (PSG); controls were evaluated using the PSQI questionnaire and PSG. RESULTS: The children with RPMNE were subdivided into the nocturnal detrusor overactivity (NDO) case group and the non-NDO case group. The children in the NDO case group had a higher percentage of total sleep time in light sleep and a lower percentage in the N3 sleep stage than those in the non-NDO case group and control group (P <.05). The cortical arousal index and PSQI scores of both RPMNE subgroups were higher compared to the control group (P <.05). The incidences of reduced nocturnal bladder capacity (NBC) in the NDO case group were higher than in the non-NDO case group (P <.05). The frequency of involuntary detrusor contractions during sleep was positively correlated with cortical arousal index in the NDO case group (r = 0.811, P <.0001). CONCLUSION: In addition to the reduced NBC, the RPMNE is related to abnormal NDO, increased light sleep period, and cortical arousal dysfunction. Moreover, there is a certain correlation between the abnormal degrees of NDO and cortical arousal dysfunction.

Combining Chitosan, Stearic Acid, and (Cu-, Zn-) MOFs to Prepare Robust Superhydrophobic Coatings with Biomedical Multifunctionalities.

There is an urgent need to develop a series of multifunctional materials with good biocompatibility, high mechanical strength, hemostatic properties, antiadhesion, and anti-infection for applications in wound care. However, successfully developing multifunctional materials is challenging. In this study, two superhydrophobic composite coatings with good biocompatibility, high mechanical strength, strong antifouling and blood repellency, fast hemostasis, and good antibacterial activity are prepared on cotton fabric surface by simple, green, and low-cost one-step dip-coating technology. The results discussed in the manuscript reveals that the two superhydrophobic composite coatings can maintain good mechanical stability, strong water repellency, and durability under various types of mechanical damage, high-temperature treatment, and long-term strong light irradiation. The coatings also exhibit good repellency to various solid pollutants, highly viscous liquid pollutants, and blood. In vitro and in vivo hemostatic experiments show that both composite coatings have good hemostatic and anticlot adhesion properties. More importantly, this superhydrophobic coating prevents bacterial adhesion and growth and released Cu2+ and Zn2+ ions and chitosan to achieve bactericidal properties, thereby protecting injured skin from bacterial infection. The two superhydrophobic coatings enhance the antifouling, antiadhesion, hemostatic, and antibacterial functions of blood-repellent dressings and therefore have broad application prospects in medical and textile fields.

The factors affecting neurogenesis after stroke and the role of acupuncture.

Stroke induces a state of neuroplasticity in the central nervous system, which can lead to neurogenesis phenomena such as axonal growth and synapse formation, thus affecting stroke outcomes. The brain has a limited ability to repair ischemic damage and requires a favorable microenvironment. Acupuncture is considered a feasible and effective neural regulation strategy to improve functional recovery following stroke via the benign modulation of neuroplasticity. Therefore, we summarized the current research progress on the key factors and signaling pathways affecting neurogenesis, and we also briefly reviewed the research progress of acupuncture to improve functional recovery after stroke by promoting neurogenesis. This study aims to provide new therapeutic perspectives and strategies for the recovery of motor function after stroke based on neurogenesis.

Targeting macrophagic 17ß-HSD7 by fenretinide for the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide and macrophage polarization plays an important role in its pathogenesis. However, which molecule regulates macrophage polarization in NAFLD remains unclear. Herein, we showed NAFLD mice exhibited increased 17ß-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 7 (17ß-HSD7) expression in hepatic macrophages concomitantly with elevated M1 polarization. Single-cell RNA sequencing on hepatic non-parenchymal cells isolated from wild-type littermates and macrophage-17ß-HSD7 knockout mice fed with high fat diet (HFD) for 6 weeks revealed that lipid metabolism pathways were notably changed. Furthermore, 17ß-HSD7 deficiency in macrophages attenuated HFD-induced hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance and liver injury. Mechanistically, 17ß-HSD7 triggered NLRP3 inflammasome activation by increasing free cholesterol content, thereby promoting M1 polarization of macrophages and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In addition, to help demonstrate that 17ß-HSD7 is a potential drug target for NAFLD, fenretinide was screened out from an FDA-approved drug library based on its 17ß-HSD7 dehydrogenase inhibitory activity. Fenretinide dose-dependently abrogated macrophage polarization and pro-inflammatory cytokines production, and subsequently inhibited fat deposition in hepatocytes co-cultured with macrophages. In conclusion, our findings suggest that blockade of 17ß-HSD7 signaling by fenretinide would be a drug repurposing strategy for NAFLD treatment.

Biofeedback physical regulation of hypertension based on acupoints: A clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: Hypertension is a predominant risk factor for cardiovascular disease and has imposed a global disease burden. Poor medication compliance is the major obstacle to antihypertensive drug therapy, and negative mood status is also detrimental to blood pressure (BP) management. While transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS), as an electrical stimulation modality for biofeedback physical regulation based on acupoints, offers a such nondrug alternative option that is noninvasive, safe, and effective with high adherence. However, the optimal stimulation parameters of TEAS for hypertension remain unclear, especially the frequency, which needs further exploration. OBJECTIVE: The study aims to investigate the efficacy of TEAS for hypertension, and to screen the optimal electrical stimulation frequency. METHODS: This is an 8-week, randomized, controlled pilot trial with 3 parallel groups. In a ratio of 1:1:1, 120 patients with stage 1 hypertension will be divided into the TEAS-2Hz group, TEAS-10Hz group, or usual care group. All patients will receive the usual care for hypertension including lifestyle education, etc. Additionally, the 2 TEAS groups will receive 12 sessions of TEAS interventions at 2 Hz or 10 Hz, 3 times weekly for 30 minutes each, with 4 weeks of follow-up. The main outcome will be the change from baseline to week 4 in systolic BP among the groups. Secondary outcomes consist of changes in diastolic BP, mean arterial pressure, heart rate, heart rate variability, medication adherence, and quality of life. The safety outcomes will be any adverse event during the treatment. DISCUSSION: As a pre-study for the next large clinical trial of TEAS for hypertension, this study will offer references for optimized frequency of biofeedback electrical devices and promote more consciousness of the benefits of body-mind holistic regulation of BP, thereby achieving proactive and overall process management of BP.

Effects of acupoints-based TENS combined with tDCS on spasticity and motor function in ischemic stroke with spastic hemiplegia: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Spastic hemiplegia following ischemic strokes seriously impedes the recovery of motor function posing a vast rehabilitation challenge. As the uncertain effects of recommended conventional treatments such as botulinum toxin injections on active functional improvement and potential adverse effects cannot be bypassed, there is an increasing need in alternative, more effective and safer modalities. Acupoints-based transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (Acu-TENS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) are effective non-invasive modalities for stroke rehabilitation, particularly showing anti-spastic effect and functional improvements as well. However, the optimal stimulation frequency of Acu-TENS and whether combination of Acu-TENS and tDCS exert synergistic effect remain to be investigated. Objective: To evaluate the effects of Acu-TENS combined with tDCS on spasticity and motor function in ischemic stroke patients with spastic hemiplegia and screen the optimal frequency of Acu-TENS. Methods: A total of 90 post-ischemic stroke patients with spastic hemiplegia will be intervened for 4 weeks and followed up for 4 weeks. They will be randomly assigned to three groups including two observation groups and a standard care control group in a 1:1:1 ratio. All patients will receive standard care and regular rehabilitation accordingly. In addition, the two observation groups will receive 12 sessions of Acu-TENS at 20 Hz or 100 Hz for 30 min combined with 1 mA tDCS for 20 min, three times a week, for 4 weeks. The primary outcome is the change in total modified Ashworth scale (MAS) score from baseline to week 4. Secondary outcomes include changes in surface electromyography (SEMG), Fugl-Meyer Motor Function Scale, Modified Barthel Index (MBI), and 10-meter walk test from baseline to week 4. MAS score will also be measured after 4 weeks of follow-up. Adverse events throughout the study will be recorded. Discussion: This trial will evaluate, for the first time, the therapeutic potentials and safety of Acu-TENS combined with tDCS on spasticity and motor function in stroke patients. It will provide evidence for frequency-dependent anti-spastic effect of Acu-TENS, and a reference for rated parameter setting of new mixed transcutaneous and transcranial stimulation system for stroke rehabilitation, thereby promoting proactive healthcare consequently. Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trials Register ChiCTR2200067186.

Electrophysiological mechanisms of motion-style scalp acupuncture for treating poststroke spasticity in rats. / è¿åŠ¨å¤´é’ˆæ³•æŠ—å’ä¸­åŽç—‰æŒ›æ•ˆåº”çš„ç”µç”Ÿç†æœºåˆ¶ç ”ç©¶.

OBJECTIVES: To observe the effect of motion-style scalp acupuncture (MSSA) on H-reflex in rats with post-stroke spasticity (PSS), so as to explore the electrophysiological mechanisms of MSSA against spasticity. METHODS: A total of 36 male SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation, model and MSSA groups, with 12 rats in each group. The stroke model was established by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. After modeling, rats in the MSSA group were treated by scalp acupuncture (manipulated every 15 min, 200 r/min) at ipsilesional "parietal and temporal anterior oblique line" (MS6) for a total of 30 min, the treadmill training (10 m/min) was applied during the needling retention, once daily for consecutive 7 days. The neurological deficits, muscle tone and motor function were assessed by Zea Longa score, modified modified Ashworth scale (MMAS) score and screen test score before and after treatment, respectively. The H-reflex of spastic muscle was recorded by electrophysiological recordings and the frequency dependent depression (FDD) of H-reflex was also recorded. The cerebral infarction volume was evaluated by TTC staining. RESULTS: Compared with the sham operation group, the Zea longa score, MMAS score, cerebral infarction volume, motion threshold, Hmax/Mmax ratio and FDD of H-reflex were significantly increased (P<0.01), while the screen test score was significantly decreased (P<0.01) in the model group. Intriguingly, compared with the model group, the above results were all reversed (P<0.01) in the MSSA group. CONCLUSIONS: MSSA could exert satisfactory anti-spastic effects in rats with PSS, the underlying mechanism may be related to the improvement of nerve function injury, the reduction of spastic muscle movement threshold, Hmax/Mmax ratio and H-reflex FDD.

Video-urodynamics efficacy of sacral neuromodulation for neurogenic bladder guided by three-dimensional imaging CT and C-arm fluoroscopy: a single-center prospective study.

To assess the efficacy of sacral neuromodulation (SNM) for neurogenic bladder (NB), guided by intraoperative three-dimensional imaging of sacral computed tomography (CT) and mobile C-arm fluoroscopy through video-urodynamics examination. We enrolled 52 patients with NB who underwent conservative treatment with poor results between September 2019 and June 2021 and prospectively underwent SNM guided by intraoperative three-dimensional imaging of sacral CT and mobile C-arm fluoroscopy. Video-urodynamics examination, voiding diary, quality of life questionnaire, overactive bladder symptom scale (OABSS) scoring, and bowel dysfunction exam were completed and recorded at baseline, at SNM testing, and at 6-month follow-up phases. Finally, we calculated the conversion rate from period I to period II, as well as the treatment efficiency and the occurrence of adverse events during the testing and follow-up phases. The testing phase of 52 NB patients was 18-60 days, with an average of (29.3 ± 8.0) days. Overall, 38 patients underwent SNM permanent electrode implantation, whose follow-up phase was 3-25 months, with an average of (11.9 ± 6.1) months. Compared with baseline, the voiding times, daily catheterization volume, quality of life score, OABSS score, bowel dysfunction score, maximum detrusor pressure before voiding, and residual urine volume decreased significantly in the testing phase. The daily voiding volume, functional bladder capacity, maximum urine flow rate, bladder compliance, and maximum cystometric capacity increased significantly in the testing phase. Besides, the voiding times, daily catheterization volume, quality of life score, OABSS score, bowel dysfunction score, maximum detrusor pressure before voiding, and residual urine volume decreased further from the testing to follow-up phase. Daily voiding volume, functional bladder capacity, maximum urine flow rate, bladder compliance, and maximum cystometric capacity increased further from testing to follow-up. At baseline, 10 ureteral units had vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), and 9 of them improved in the testing phase. Besides, there was 1 unit that further improved to no reflux during the follow-up phase. At baseline, 10 patients had detrusor overactivity (DO), and 8 of them improved in the testing phase. Besides, 1 patient's symptoms further improved during the follow-up phase. At baseline, there were 35 patients with detrusor-bladder neck dyssynergia (DBND); 14 (40.0%) of them disappeared during the testing phase. Among 13 cases who had DBND in the testing phase, 6 (46.2%) disappeared during the follow-up phase. Of the 47 patients with detrusor-external sphincter dyssynergia (DESD) at baseline, 8 (17.0%) disappeared during the testing phase. Among 26 cases who had DESD in the testing phase, 6 (23.1%) disappeared during the follow-up phase. The effective rate of this study was 88.5% (46/52), and the conversion rate from phase I to phase II was 73.1% (38/52). Additionally, the efficacy in a short-term follow-up was stable. SNM guided by intraoperative three-dimensional imaging of sacral CT and mobile C-arm fluoroscopy is an effective and safe treatment option for NB in short time follow-up. It would be well improved in the bladder storage function, sphincter synergetic function and emptying efficiency by video-urodynamics examination in this study.Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry. ChiCTR2100050290. Registered August 25 2021. http://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx .