GPX4, ferroptosis, and diseases.

GPX4 (Glutathione peroxidase 4) serves as a crucial intracellular regulatory factor, participating in various physiological processes and playing a significant role in maintaining the redox homeostasis within the body. Ferroptosis, a form of iron-dependent non-apoptotic cell death, has gained considerable attention in recent years due to its involvement in multiple pathological processes. GPX4 is closely associated with ferroptosis and functions as the primary inhibitor of this process. Together, GPX4 and ferroptosis contribute to the pathophysiology of several diseases, including sepsis, nervous system diseases, ischemia reperfusion injury, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. This review comprehensively explores the regulatory roles and impacts of GPX4 and ferroptosis in the development and progression of these diseases, with the aim of providing insights for identifying potential therapeutic strategies in the future.

COVID-19 outbreaks on ships: Analysis of three representative cases.

Objectives: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreaks occurred on ships during the global pandemic of COVID-19. Investigation of the management and outcomes of these outbreaks will help guide future prevention and control strategies for respiratory infectious diseases on ships. Study design: Non-systematic narrative review. Methods: PubMed and Embase databases were searched using the keywords "ship", "cargo ship", "fishing boat", "cruise ship", "yacht", "merchant ship", "port", "SARS-COV-2" and "COVID-19", connected by "OR" internally and "AND" between two keywords. After review of the titles and abstracts, and exclusion of irrelevant articles, the infection situation and details of the response measures were recorded. Cases were subsequently selected for this study based on the detailed information and records available on the COVID-19 outbreak prevention and control measures and experiences. Results: Three representative cases were selected; the outbreak timeline and infection situation for these cases were summarised. Infection prevention and control measures and experiences for the three outbreaks were investigated in detail, including analysis of epidemic reports, and isolation, detection, screening, treatment and transportation procedures. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that timely detection and intervention, exposure reduction, control of asymptomatic infections, treatment and transport of patients, preparation for prevention and control in advance, the communication and cooperation of various stakeholders, and the establishment of short-term and long-term response mechanisms are key elements to improve the efficiency of infection prevention and control on ships.