[Effect of Biyanning Granules on local symptoms and immune function of chronic rhinosinusitis].

This study discusses the effect of Biyanning Granules on local symptoms and systemic immune function of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps(CRSwNP) within the 6 months of treatment by glucocorticoid nasal spray after surgical treatment. To be specific, a total of 237 CRSwNP patients, treated in Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery in Shanxi Bethune Hospital, were enrolled. All patients were treated by nasal endoscopy and classified into hormone group(Budesonide Nasal Spray after surgery), Chinese medicine group(Biyanning Granules after surgery), and combination group(Budesonide Nasal Spray+Biyanning Granules after surgery) with random number table method, 79 cases in each group, and the treatment lasted 3 months. The follow-up was performed from the day of discharge to 12 months after the surgery. The clinical effect was observed. The visual analogue scale(VAS) scores and sino-nasal outcome test-20(SNOT-20) scale scores were used to assess patient's subjective symptoms and quality of life. Lund-Kennedy endoscopic score(LKES), Japanese T&T olfactometry, and standard olfactory test were used to evaluate the objective curative effect on patients. The levels of interleukin(IL)-21, CD4~+CD25~+Foxp3~+Treg, and CD4~+Th17 in peripheral blood were analyzed. The incidence of complications, recurrence rate, and adverse reactions during treatment were also recorded. The total effective rate after treatment in the combination group was higher than that in the hormone group and Chinese medicine group(P<0.05). VAS scores and SNOT-20 scale scores were lower in the three groups after treatment than before treatment and lower in the combination group than in the other two groups(P<0.05). The improvement in LKES and T&T standard olfactometry test was better in the combination group than in the other two groups(P<0.05). Serum levels of IL-21 and CD4~+Th17 in the three groups were lower than before treatment. The levels in the combination group were lower than those in the other two groups and lower in the hormone group than in the Chinese medicine group(P<0.05). Serum CD4~+CD25~+Foxp3~+Treg level was higher in the three groups after treatment than before, higher in the combination group than in the other two groups, and higher in the Chinese medicine group than in the hormone group(P<0.05). During the treatment, no serious adverse reactions were observed. After treatment, the combination group showed no significant difference in the incidence and recurrence rate of complications from the hormone group and Chinese medicine group. In the treatment of CRSwNP with glucocorticoid, Biyanning Granules reduced the side effects of glucocorticoid and assisted glucocorticoid in alleviating the symptoms of patients. It significantly improved the curative effect, regulated immune imbalance, accele-rated the recovery of immune function, reduced the recurrence rate of inflammatory reaction, and improved the quality of life. The combination of Chinese and western treatment is more effective than glucocorticoid alone and warrants further clinical study in large sample size.

Improving Broadband White-Light Emission Performances of 2D Perovskites by Subtly Regulating Organic Cations.

Recently, 2D organic-inorganic hybrid lead halide perovskites have attracted intensive attention in solid-state luminescence fields such as single-component white-light emitters, and rational optimization of the photoluminescence (PL) performance through accurate structural-design strategies is still significant. Herein, by carefully choosing homologous aliphatic amines as templates, isotypical perovskites [DMEDA]PbCl4 (1, DMEDA=N,N-dimethylethylenediamine) and [DMPDA]PbCl4 (2, DMPDA=N,N-dimethyl-1,3-diaminopropane) having tunable and stable broadband bluish white emission properties were rationally designed. The subtle regulation of organic cations leads to a higher degree of distortion of the 2D [PbCl4 ]2- layers and enhanced photoluminescence quantum efficiencies (<1 % for 1 and 4.9 % for 2). The broadband light emissions could be ascribed to self-trapped excitons on the basis of structural characterization, time-resolved PL, temperature-dependent PL emission, and theoretical calculations. This work gives a new guidance to rationally optimize the PL properties of low-dimensional halide perovskites and affords a platform to probe the structure-property relationship.

Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Heterometallic Halides with Low-Dimensional Structures and Red Photoluminescence Emissions.

In recent years, although low-dimensional hybrid lead halides have received great attention due to the fascinating photoluminescent (PL) properties, the research is still on the early stage and only limited phases have been explored and characterized. Here, by introducing heterometals as mixed structural compositions and optical activity centers, we prepared a series of low-dimensional hybrid heterometallic halides, namely as, [(Me)-DABCO]2Cu2PbI6, [(Me)2-DABCO]2M5Pb2I13 (M = Cu and Ag) and [(Me)2-DABCO]Ag2PbBr6 (Me = methyl group, DABCO = 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane). These hybrid halides feature a low-dimensional 0D [Cu2PbI6]2- cluster, a 1D [M5Pb2I13]4- chain, and a 2D [Ag2PbBr6]2- layer, respectively, on the basis of corner-, edge- and face-sharing connecting of [MX4] tetrahedrons, [PbX5] quadrangular pyramids, and [PbX6] octahedrons. Under the photoexcitation, these hybrid heterometallic halides exhibit deep-red luminescent emissions from 711 to 801 nm with the largest Stocks shift of 395 nm. The temperature-dependent PL emissions, PL lifetime, and theoretical calculations are also investigated to probe into the intrinsic nature of photoluminescent emissions. This work affords new types of hybrid halides by introducing different metal centers to probe into the structural evolution and photoluminescent properties.

TAC7, an essential component of the plastid transcriptionally active chromosome complex, interacts with FLN1, TAC10, TAC12 and TAC14 to regulate chloroplast gene expression in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Transcriptionally active chromosome (TAC) is a fraction of protein/DNA complexes with RNA polymerase activity in the plastid. However, the function of most TAC proteins remains unknown. Here, we isolated two allelic mutants of the gene for a TAC component, TAC7, and performed functional analysis in plastid gene expression and chloroplast development in Arabidopsis. tac7-1 is a mutant with a premature translation termination isolated from a population treated with ethyl methane sulfonate, and tac7-2 is a transfer-DNA tagging mutant. Both of them showed an albino phenotype when grown under normal light conditions, and a few appressed membranes were observed inside the defective chloroplasts. These data indicate that TAC7 is important for thylakoid biogenesis. The TAC7 gene encodes an uncharacterized 161 amino acids polypeptide localized in chloroplast. The transcriptional levels of plastid-encoded polymerase (PEP)-dependent genes were downregulated in tac7-2, suggesting that PEP activity was decreased in the mutant. Yeast two-hybrid assay shows that TAC7 can interact with the four TAC components including FLN1, TAC10, TAC12 and TAC14 which are involved in redox state changes, phosphorylation processes and phytochrome-dependent light signaling, respectively, These data indicate that TAC7 plays an important role for TAC to regulate PEP-dependent chloroplast gene expression and chloroplast development.

[Efficacy of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Combined with Decitabine, Homoharringtonine, Interferon in the Maintenance Therapy of Blast Phase Chronic Myeloid Leukemia].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the efficacy of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) combined with decitabine, homoharringtonine, and interferon regimen as maintenance therapy for blast phase chronic myeloid leukemia (CML-BP). METHODS: The clinical data of CML-BP patients who received the first major hematological response after induction therapy at The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University from June 2015 to December 2021 were analyzed retrospectively. The event-free survival, duration of remission, and overall survival of patients in TKI combined with decitabine, homoharringtonine, interferon group(n=18) and TKI combined with conventional chemotherapy group(n=10) were compared by log-rank test. RESULTS: A total of 28 patients were included, with a median age of 46 (24-58) years old. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that patients in TKI combined with decitabine, homoharringtonine, interferon group had longer event-free survival (7.4 vs 4.3 months, P=0.043, HR＝0.44, 95% CI: 0.17-1.14), duration of overall remission (16.1 vs 6.6 months, P=0.005, HR＝0.32, 95% CI: 0.11-0.89), overall survival (34.3 vs 13.5 months, P=0.006, HR＝0.29, 95% CI: 0.10-0.82) compared with patients in TKI combined with conventional chemotherapy group. CONCLUSION: The TKI combined with decitabine, homoharringtonine and interferon regimen can significantly prolong the survival of CML-BP patients who obtained the major hematological response compared with TKI combined with conventional chemotherapy regimen.

Five blueberry anthocyanins and their antioxidant, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic effects in vitro.

The dual epidemic of obesity and diabetes mellitus is becoming an important worldwide public health issue. "Diabesity" is the term used to describe the combined detrimental health effects of both diabetes mellitus and obesity/overweight. Currently, food-derived bioactive compounds are suggested to alleviate diabesity. Blueberries are rich in bioactive anthocyanins, which are associated with contributing to preventing obesity and diabetes mellitus. However, the accurate active compounds and the underlying mechanism are still unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the beneficial effects of blueberry anthocyanin on diabesity. In total, five anthocyanins (delphinidin-3-O-galactoside, delphinidin-3-O-glucoside, petunidin-3-O-galactoside, petunidin-3-O-glucoside, and malvidin-3-O-galactoside) were isolated from rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium virgatum) cultivar "Garden blue." All these anthocyanins exhibited oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), scavenging power of ABTS+, and DPPH-free radical and inhibitory activity of α-glucosidase in vitro. Moreover, some compounds improved glucose uptake and attenuated lipid accumulation in high glucose and oleic acid-treated HepG2 cells. All these results suggest that blueberry anthocyanins have potential antioxidant, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic effects, which may benefit the treatment of diabesity.

Effect of blackberry anthocyanins and its combination with tea polyphenols on the oxidative stability of lard and olive oil.

To investigate the protective effect of blackberry anthocyanins (BA), tea polyphenols (TP), and their binary mixture on the oxidative stability of edible oils during storage, BA, TP, and their binary mixture were added to lard and olive oil. The changes in peroxide value (PV), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), acid value (AV), and scavenging capacity of DPPH and ABTS•+ of oil samples were evaluated during accelerated storage. BA were found to have a remarkable capability to enhance antioxidant properties, delay lipid oxidation, and inhibit the deterioration both of lard and olive oil at high-temperature processes. Furthermore, the antioxidant synergistic effect of BA and TP was found both in lard and olive oil for the first time. All these results suggested that BA and its combination with TP might possess the potential value to protect the quality of edible oils.

Isomer recognition by dynamic guest-adaptive ligand rotation in a metal-organic framework with local flexibility.

Local flexibility in a metal-organic framework is intriguing for reconstructing a microenvironment to distinguish different guest molecules by emphasizing their differences. Herein, guest-adaptive flexibility is observed in a metal-organic framework for efficiently discriminating aromatic isomers. Microcrystal electron diffraction directly reveals that the anthracene rings can rotate around the single bond with the adsorption of guest molecules. Disorder transformation of the ligand enables the preferential adsorption of ethylbenzene over other xylene isomers. Especially, a coated capillary column combining single/multi-component adsorption confirms a unique separation order of ethylbenzene > p-xylene > m-xylene > o-xylene with excellent selectivities, which has not been reported in other materials. Density functional theory calculations and the calculated Hirshfeld surface of guest molecules in the framework demonstrate that a guest-induced splint-like confinement structure makes the main contribution to such separation performance. This finding will provide a rational strategy for molecular recognition utilizing the local flexibility of metal-organic frameworks.

Genome and single-cell RNA-sequencing of the earthworm Eisenia andrei identifies cellular mechanisms underlying regeneration.

The earthworm is particularly fascinating to biologists because of its strong regenerative capacity. However, many aspects of its regeneration in nature remain elusive. Here we report chromosome-level genome, large-scale transcriptome and single-cell RNA-sequencing data during earthworm (Eisenia andrei) regeneration. We observe expansion of LINE2 transposable elements and gene families functionally related to regeneration (for example, EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor) particularly for genes exhibiting differential expression during earthworm regeneration. Temporal gene expression trajectories identify transcriptional regulatory factors that are potentially crucial for initiating cell proliferation and differentiation during regeneration. Furthermore, early growth response genes related to regeneration are transcriptionally activated in both the earthworm and planarian. Meanwhile, single-cell RNA-sequencing provides insight into the regenerative process at a cellular level and finds that the largest proportion of cells present during regeneration are stem cells.

[Efficacy and Influencing Factors of Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Multiple Myeloma: Retrospective Analysis].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical efficacy and possible influencing factors of autologous hematopoietic Stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT) in the treatment of patients with multiple myeloma (MM). METHODS: Clinical data of 40 MM patients received auto-HSCT in the Department of Hematology of Henan Cancer Hospital from September 2010 to November 2017 were retrospectively analyzed, the clinical curative efficiency was summarized and the related factors were analyzed. RESULTS: The curative efficiency of the patients before transplantation was 9(22.5%) with complete remission(CR), 5(12.5%) with very good partial remission(VGPR), 26(65%) with partial remission(PR), respectively, one of them was PR after 3 recurrences. The curative efficiency after transplantation was 22(55%) with complete remission(CR), 12(30%) with very good partial remission(VGPR), 6(15%) with partial remission(PR), respectively. And 2 cases were CR after double transplantation. Median follow-up time was 28.4 (3.1 to 88) months,15 cases presented disease progression, 7 cases were dead, 3-year estimated progression-free survival(PFS) and overall survival(OS) rate were 45.1% and 82% respectively. Unvariate analysis showed that the OS was affected by ISS stage (P<0.05), CR and VGPR (P<0.05) after transplantation; PFS was affected by ISS stage (P<0.01), before transplantation induction therapy (27 cases with bortezomizomi or thalidomide) (P<0.05), disease risk stratification (6 cases in high risk group) (P<0.05) , CR and VGPR (P<0.05) before transplantation, CR and VGPR (P<0.01) after transplantation. Cox multivariate regression analysis showed that the independent prognostic factors for OS were ISS stage, CR and VGPR after transplantation; the independent prognostic factors for PFS were the CR, VGPR, ISS stage after transplantation and induction therapy before transplant. CONCLUSION: Auto-HSCT can improve the clinical efficacy and survival rate of MM patients; ISS stage, CR and VGPR after transplantation are independent prognostic factors for OS and PFS, and induction therapy before transplantation is also an independent prognostic factor for PFS.

Prescription and medication rules of traditional Chinese medicine for prevention and treatment of diabetic microangiopathy based on literature mining / 中国中药杂志

This study explored the prescription and medication rules of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) in the prevention and treatment of diabetic microangiopathy based on literature mining. Relevant literature on TCM against diabetic microangiopathy was searched and prescriptions were collected. Microsoft Excel 2021 software was used to establish a prescription database, and an analysis was conducted on the frequency, properties, flavors, meridian tropism, and efficacy classifications of drugs. Association rule analysis, cluster analysis, and factor analysis were performed using SPSS Modeler 18.0 and SPSS Statistics 26.0 software. The characteristic active components and mechanisms of action of medium-high frequency drugs in the analysis of medication rules were explored through li-terature mining. A total of 1 327 prescriptions were included in this study, involving 411 drugs, with a total frequency reaching 19 154 times. The top five high-frequency drugs were Astragali Radix, Angelicae Sinensis Radix, Poria, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, and Rehmanniae Radix. The cold and warm drugs were used in combination. Drugs were mainly sweet, followed by bitter and pungent, and acted on the liver meridian. The majority of drugs were effective in tonifying deficiency, clearing heat, activating blood, and resolving stasis. Association rule analysis identified the highly supported drug pair of Astragali Radix-Angelicae Sinensis Radix and the highly confident drug combination of Poria-Alismatis Rhizoma-Corni Fructus. The strongest correlation was found among Astragali Radix, Angelicae Sinensis Radix, Poria, and Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma through the complex network analysis. Cluster analysis identified nine categories of drug combinations, while factor analysis identified 16 common factors. The analysis of active components in high-frequency drugs for the treatment of diabetic microangiopathy revealed that these effective components mainly exerted their effects by inhibiting oxidative stress and suppressing inflammatory reactions. The study found that the pathogenesis of diabetic microangiopathy was primarily characterized by deficiency in origin, with a combination of deficiency and excess. Deficiency was manifested as Qi deficiency and blood deficiency, while excess as phlegm-heat and blood stasis. The key organ involved in the pathological changes was the liver. The treatment mainly focused on supplementing Qi and nourishing blood, supplemented by clearing heat, coo-ling blood, activating blood, and dredging collaterals. Commonly used formulas included Danggui Buxue Decoction, Liuwei Dihuang Pills, Erzhi Pills, and Buyang Huanwu Decoction. The mechanisms of action of high-frequency drugs in the treatment of diabetic microangiopathy were often related to the inhibition of oxidative stress and suppression of inflammatory reactions. These findings can provide references for the clinical treatment of diabetic microangiopathy and the development of targeted drugs.

Mechanism of cytosol phospholipase C and sphingomyelinase-induced lysosome destabilization.

Lysosomal disintegration may cause apoptosis, necrosis and some diseases. However, mechanisms for these events are still unclear. In this study, we measured lysosomal beta-hexosaminidase free activity, membrane potential and intralysosomal pH. The results revealed that the cytosolic extracts of rat hepatocytes could increase the lysosomal permeability to both potassium ions and protons, and osmotically destabilize lysosomes via K(+)/H(+) exchange. The effects of cytosol on lysosomes could be completely abolished by D609, which inhibited both phospholipase C and sphingomyelinase, and partly prevented by sphingomyelinase inhibitor Ara-AMP, but not by the inhibitors of PLA(2). Moreover, purified phospholipase C could destabilize the lysosomes while phospholipase A(2) and phospholipase D did not produce such effects. The cytosolic phospholipases hydrolyzed lysosomal membrane phospholipids by 50%, which could be prevented by D609. Disintegration of the cytosol-treated lysosomes biphasically depended on the cytosolic [Ca(2+)]. The cytosol did not disintegrate lysosomes below 100 nM or above 10 muM cytosolic [Ca(2+)], but markedly destabilized lysosomes at about 340 nM [Ca(2+)]. The results suggest that cytosolic phospholipase C and sphingomyelinase may be responsible for the alterations in lysosomal stability by increasing the ion permeability.

Electrochemiluminescence resonance energy transfer between graphene quantum dots and graphene oxide for sensitive protein kinase activity and inhibitor sensing.

Herein, a novel electrochemiluminescence resonance energy transfer (ECL-RET) biosensor using graphene quantum dots (GQDs) as donor and graphene oxide (GO) as acceptor for monitoring the activity of protein kinase was presented for the first time. Anti-phosphoserine antibody conjugated graphene oxide (Ab-GO) nonocomposite could be captured onto the phosphorylated peptide/GQDs modified electrode surface through antibody-antigen interaction in the presence of casein kinase II (CK2) and adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), resulting in ECL from the GQDs quenching by closely contacting GO. This ECL quenching degree was positively correlated with CK2 activity. Therefore, on the basis of ECL-RET between GQDs and GO, the activity of protein kinase can be detected sensitively. This biosensor can also be used for quantitative analysis CK2 activity in serum samples and qualitative screening kinase inhibition, indicating the potential application of the developed method in biochemical fundamental research and clinical diagnosis.

Lysosome destabilization by cytosolic extracts, putative involvement of Ca(2+)/phospholipase C.

Lysosomal disintegration is a crucial event for living cells, but mechanisms for the event are still unclear. In this study, we established that the cytosolic extracts could enhance lysosomal osmotic sensitivity and osmotically destabilize the lysosomes. The cytosol also caused the lysosomes to become more swollen in the hypotonic sucrose medium. The results indicate that the cytosol induced an osmotic shock to the lysosomes and an influx of water into the organelle. Since the effects of cytosol on the lysosomes could be abolished by O-tricyclo[5.2.1.0(2,6)]dec-9-yl dithiocarbonate potassium salt (D609), a specific inhibitor of cytosolic phospholipase C (PLC), the PLC might play an important role in the lysosomal osmotic destabilization. The activity of cytosolic PLC and the extent of enzyme latency loss of the cytosol-treated lysosomes exhibited a similar biphasic dependence on the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration. In addition, the cytosol did not osmotically destabilize the lysosomes until the cytosolic calcium ions rose above 100 nM. It suggests that the destabilization effect of cytosol on the lysosomes is Ca(2+)-dependent.

Characterization of a novel developmentally retarded mutant (drm1) associated with the autonomous flowering pathway in Arabidopsis.

A developmentally retarded mutant (drm1) was identified from ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)-mutagenized M2 seeds in Columbia (Col-0) genetic background. The drm1 flowers 109 d after sowing, with a whole life cycle of about 160 d. It also shows a pleiotropic phenotype, e.g., slow germination and lower germination rate, lower growth rate, curling leaves and abnormal floral organs. The drm1 mutation was a single recessive nuclear mutation, which was mapped to the bottom of chromosome 5 and located within a region of 20-30 kb around MXK3.1. There have been no mutants with similar phenotypes reported in the literature, suggesting that DRM1 is a novel flowering promoting locus. The findings that the drm1 flowered lately under all photoperiod conditions and its late flowering phenotype was significantly restored by vernalization treatment suggest that the drm1 is a typical late flowering mutant and most likely associated with the autonomous flowering pathway. The conclusion was further confirmed by the revelation that the transcript level of FLC was constantly upregulated in the drm1 at all the developmental phases examined, except for a very early stage. Moreover, the transcript levels of two other important repressors, EMF and TFL1, were also upregulated in the drm1, implying that the two repressors, along with FLC, seems to act in parallel pathways in the drm1 to regulate flowering as well as other aspects of floral development in a negatively additive way. This helps to explain why the drm1 exhibits a much more severe late-flowering phenotype than most late-flowering mutants reported. It also implies that the DRM1 might act upstream of these repressors.

A dual-potential electrochemiluminescence ratiometric approach based on graphene quantum dots and luminol for highly sensitive detection of protein kinase activity.

A novel Au NP mediated dual-potential ECL ratiometric approach for highly sensitive protein kinase activity and inhibition assay has been developed based on the simultaneous decrease of cathodic ECL from GQDs and enhancement of anodic ECL from luminol in the same bioanalysis.

One-pot synthesis of GO/AgNPs/luminol composites with electrochemiluminescence activity for sensitive detection of DNA methyltransferase activity.

DNA methyltransferases catalyze the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine to the target adenine or cytosine, eventually inducing the DNA methylation in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Herein, we developed a novel electrochemiluminescence biosensor to quantify DNA adenine methylation (Dam) methyltransferase (MTase) employing signal amplification of GO/AgNPs/luminol composites to enhance the assay sensitivity. The method was developed by designing a capture probe DNA, which was immobilized on gold electrode surface, to hybridize with azide complementary DNA to form the azide-terminated dsDNA. Then, alkynyl functionalized GO/AgNPs/luminol composites as the signal probe were immobilized to azide-terminated dsDNA modified electrode via click chemistry, resulting in a high electrochemiluminescence (ECL) signal. Once the DNA hybrid was methylated (under catalysis of Dam MTase) and further cleaved by Dpn I endonuclease (a site-specific endonuclease recognizing the duplex symmetrical sequence of 5'-G-Am-T-C-3'), GO/AgNPs/luminol composites release from the electrode surface to the solution, leading to significant reduction of the ECL signal. The change of the ECL intensity is related to the methylation status and MTase activity, which forms the basis of MTase activity assay and site-specific methylation determination. This novel strategy can be further used as a universal method for other transferase determination by designing various transferase-specific DNA sequences. In addition, this method can be used for the screening of antimicrobial drugs and has a great potential to be further applied in early clinical diagnosis.

Effects of traditional Chinese exercises on blood glucose and hemoglobin A1c levels in patients with prediabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis / 中西医结合学报

BACKGROUND@#Traditional Chinese exercises (TCEs) have a positive effect on glycemic control and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), but there is no consensus on the benefits of TCEs for patients with prediabetes.@*OBJECTIVE@#The objective of this study was to systematically investigate the effects of TCEs on blood glucose control in patients with prediabetes.@*SEARCH STRATEGY@#Comprehensive retrieval of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was carried out using PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals, Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, China Biology Medicine disc, Google Scholar and Baidu academic databases. The retrieval window ranged from the establishment of the database to December 2018, and references related to the included trials were searched without language restrictions.@*INCLUSION CRITERIA@#The study included RCTs with a clinical diagnosis of prediabetes that was also treated with TCEs.@*DATA EXTRACTION AND ANALYSIS@#Literature screening, data extraction and literature quality assessment were performed independently by two researchers. In the case of disagreement, a third party was invited to negotiate and make a decision. Standardized mean difference (SMD) was used to estimate the therapeutic effect. Meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.3.5 and Stata 15.0. Heterogeneity was assessed using Q test and I, and the source of heterogeneity was determined using Galbraith diagram and sensitivity analysis. A Q test resulting in P  50% indicated significant difference and random effect model analysis was performed. Otherwise, a fixed effect model was applied. Begg's and Egger's tests were used to assess publication bias.@*RESULTS@#Nine RCTs involving 485 participants were included in this study. The results showed that TCEs could reduce fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2 h blood glucose (2hPBG) and HbA1c in patients with prediabetes. The treatment subgroup showed that an intervention of 6 months had better results, while the Gongfa subgroup showed that the TCE Baduanjin yielded better results. (1) FBG: SMD = -0.73, 95% confidence interval (CI) [-0.97, -0.50], P < 0.00001; Baduanjin: SMD = -0.83, 95% CI [-1.13, -0.53], P < 0.00001; 6 month treatment: SMD = -0.73, 95% CI [-1.20, -0.26], P = 0.002. (2) 2hPBG: SMD = -0.75, 95% CI [-0.94, -0.57], P < 0.00001; Baduanjin: SMD = -0.62, 95% CI [-0.91, -0.32], P < 0.00001; 6 month treatment: SMD = -0.91, 95% CI [-1.39, -0.44], P = 0.0002. (3) HbA1c: SMD = -0.56, 95% CI [-0.89, -0.23], P = 0.00008; Baduanjin: SMD = -0.46, 95% CI [-0.83, -0.08], P = 0.02; 6 month treatment: SMD = -0.77, 95% CI [-1.24, -0.29], P = 0.002.@*CONCLUSION@#TCEs had positive effects in improving blood glucose levels in patients with prediabetes. Hence, TCEs may be of potential therapeutic value for patients with prediabetes, as an adjuvant therapy along with other treatments. Although the evidence suggests that the intervention is effective for 6 months, the mechanism of TCEs on glycemic control, the minimum exercise dose and their safety remain to be further studied.

Highly sensitive electrogenerated chemiluminescence biosensor in profiling protein kinase activity and inhibition using a multifunctional nanoprobe.

We presented a novel electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) biosensor for monitoring the activity and inhibition of protein kinases based on signal amplification using enzyme-functionalized Au NPs nanoprobe. In this design, the biotin-DNA labeled glucose oxidase/Au NPs (GOx/Au NPs/DNA-biotin) nanoprobes, prepared by conjugating Au NPs with biotin-DNA and GOx, were bound to the biotinylated anti-phosphoserine labeled phosphorylated peptide modified electrode surface through a biotin-avidin interaction. The GOx assembled on the nanoprobe can catalyze glucose to generate H2O2 in the presence of O2 while the ECL reaction occurred in the luminol ECL biosensor. At a higher concentration of kinase, there are more nanoprobes on the electrode, which gives a higher amount of GOx at the electrode interface and thus higher electrocatalytic efficiency to the luminol ECL reaction. Therefore, the activity of protein kinases can be monitored by ECL with high sensitivity. Protein kinase A (PKA), an important enzyme in regulation of glycogen, sugar, and lipid metabolism in the human body, was used as a model to confirm the present proof-of-concept strategy. The as-proposed biosensor presents high sensitivity, low detection limit of 0.013 U mL(-1), wide linear range (from 0.02 to 40 U mL(-1)), and excellent stability. Moreover, this biosensor can also be used for quantitative analysis of kinase inhibition. On the basis of the inhibitor concentration dependent ECL signal, the half-maximal inhibition value IC50 of ellagic acid, a typical PKA inhibitor, was estimated, which is in agreement with those obtained using the conventional kinase assay. The simple and sensitive biosensor is promising in developing a high-through assay of in vitro kinase activity and inhibitor screening for clinic diagnostic and drug development.

Mechanism of Danzhi Jiangtang Capsules on improving liver injury in hyperlipidemia rats based on MAPK pathway / 中国中药杂志

This study aimed to investigate the protective effect and preliminary mechanism of Danzhi Jiangtang Capsules( DJC) on liver of hyperlipidemic rats. The hyperlipidemia models were successfully made by high-fat diet for 12 weeks in male SD rats,and then divided into model control group and DJC treatment groups( 500 and 1 000 mg·kg~(-1)·d-1) via gavage administration for additional 8 weeks.The levels of serum lipid and liver metabolism indices were detected; HE and oil red O staining were used to observe the pathological changes of liver. Expression levels of extracellular regulated protein kinase 1/2( ERK1/2),c-Jun N-terminal kinase( JNK),and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase( p38 MAPK) were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction( RT-PCR). Expression of MCP-1,phosphorylated ERK( p-ERK),phosphorylated JNK( p-JNK),and phosphorylated p38 MAPK( p-p38) were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. The results showed that DJC decreased body weight and serum levels of total cholesterol( TC),triglyceride( TG),alanine aminotransferase( ALT),aspartate aminotransferase( AST),increased serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol( HDL-C) level,ameliorate injury and lipid deposition in the liver induced by the high-fat diet,decreased mRNA expression of ERK1/2,JNK and p-38 MAPK as well as protein expression of p-ERK,p-JNK,p-p38,and MCP-1,somewhat showing a dose-dependent effect. Therefore,DJC has an obvious protective effect on liver of hyperlipidemic rats with certain dose-dependent effect,and the mechanism may be related with inhibiting MAPK pathways and inflammation.