Photonic-assisted W-band flexible integrated sensing and communication system for fiber-wireless network based on CE-LFM-OFDM.

We have experimentally demonstrated a constant envelope linear frequency modulated orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CE-LFM-OFDM) signal by employing an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal to phase modulate the linear frequency modulation (LFM) carrier. The experimental verification was conducted in the photonic-based integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) system working at 94.5 GHz. In our system, a 10-km optical fiber and a 1-m free space transmission are incorporated, achieving seamless fiber-wireless networks. As a result, we achieved data rates ranging from 8 to 15.4 Gbit/s and range resolution ranging from 1.5 to 7.5 cm, respectively.

Electro-Oxidative C-N Bond Formation through Azolation of Indole Derivatives: An Access to 3-Substituent-2-(Azol-1-yl)indoles.

A practical protocol to synthesize 3-substituent-2-(azol-1-yl)indole derivatives has been developed via an electrochemical oxidative cross coupling process under mild conditions. This electro-oxidative C-N bond formation strategy tolerates a range of functional groups and is amenable to gram scale synthesis. Moreover, this method was applied to the late-stage functionalization of bioactive molecules.

Gender-Specific Pathways in Violent Crime: Investigating the Role of Demographic and Mental Health Factors Using Mixed Graphical Models and Bayesian Networks.

This research aims to uncover gender-specific relationships and pathways that contribute to the perpetration of violent crimes, using sophisticated analytical tools to analyze the complex interactions between various factors. Employing Mixed Graphical Models and Bayesian networks, the study analyzes a sample of 1,254 prisoners (61.64% males and 38.36% females) to investigate the relationships among demographic factors, mental health issues, and violent crime. The study utilizes comprehensive measures, including the Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, and Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, to assess participants' mental health status.Key findings reveal significant gender differences in the pathways to violent crime. For males, incomplete parental marriages strongly correlate with criminal behavior severity, while marriage status emerges as a significant factor, with married males less likely to commit violent crimes. In contrast, these relationships are not significant for females. Bayesian network analysis indicates that living in urban areas differently influences education and emotional expression across genders, emphasizing the importance of contextual factors. The study highlights the need for gender-specific considerations in criminal justice policies and interventions. It underscores the complex interplay of demographic and mental health factors in influencing violent crime pathways, providing insights for developing more effective prevention strategies. Despite its cross-sectional design and reliance on self-reported data, the research significantly contributes to understanding the gendered dimensions of criminal behavior.

Nonunion scaphoid bone shape prediction using iterative kernel principal polynomial shape analysis.

BACKGROUND: The scaphoid is an important mechanical stabilizer for both the proximal and distal carpal columns. The precise estimation of the complete scaphoid bone based on partial bone geometric information is a crucial factor in the effective management of scaphoid nonunion. Statistical shape model (SSM) could be utilized to predict the complete scaphoid shape based on the defective scaphoid. However, traditional principal component analysis (PCA) based SSM is limited by its linearity and the inability to adjust the number of modes used for prediction. PURPOSE: This study proposes an iterative kernel principal polynomial shape analysis (iKPPSA)-based SSM to predict the pre-morbid shape of the scaphoid, aiming at enhancing the accuracy as well as the robustness of the model. METHODS: Sixty-five sets of scaphoid images were used to train SSM and nine sets of scaphoid images were used for validation. For each validation image set, three defect types (tubercle, proximal pole, and avascular necrosis) were virtually created. The predicted shapes of the scaphoid by PCA, PPSA, KPCA, and iKPPSA-based SSM were evaluated against the original shape in terms of mean error, Hausdorff distance error, and Dice coefficient. RESULTS: The proposed iKPPSA-based scaphoid SSM demonstrates significant robustness, with a generality of 0.264 mm and a specificity of 0.260 mm. It accounts for 99% of variability with the first seven principal modes of variation. Compared to the traditional PCA-based model, the iKPPSA-based scaphoid model prediction demonstrated superior performance for the proximal pole type fracture, with significant reductions of 25.2%, 24.7%, and 24.6% in mean error, Hausdorff distance, and root mean square error (RMSE), respectively, and a 0.35% improvement in Dice coefficient. CONCLUSION: This study showed that the iKPPSA-based SSM exploits the nonlinearity of data features and delivers high reconstruction accuracy. It can be effectively integrated into preoperative planning for scaphoid fracture management or morphology-based biomechanical modeling of the scaphoid.

Pinning Control of Multiplex Dynamical Networks Using Spectral Graph Theory.

Pinning control has been attracting wide attention for the study of various complex networks for decades. This article explores grounded theory on the pinning synchronization of the emerging multiplex dynamical networks. The multiplex dynamical networks under study can describe many real-world scenarios, in which different layers have distinct individual dynamics of node. In this work, we build the bridge between multiplex structures and network dynamics by using the Lyapunov stability theory and the spectral graph theory. Furthermore, by analyzing spectral properties of the grounded super-Laplacian matrices, we set up several graph-based synchronization criteria for multiplex networks via pinning control. In addition, we overcome the difficulties induced by distinct node dynamics in different layers, and find that interlayer coupling strengths promote intralayer synchronization of multiplex networks. Finally, a collection of numerical simulations verifies the effectiveness of theoretical results.

High-Performance Coaxial Counter-Rotating Triboelectric Nanogenerator with Lift-Drag Hybrid Blades for Wind Energy Harvesting.

Wind energy holds potential for in-situ powering large-scale distributed wireless sensor nodes (WSNs) in the Internet of Things (IoT) era. To achieve high performance in wind energy harvesting, a coaxial counter-rotating triboelectric nanogenerator with lift-drag hybrid blades, termed CCR-TENG, has been proposed. The CCR-TENG, which can work in non-contact and soft-contact modes, realizes low-speed wind energy harvesting through a combination of counter-clockwise rotating lift-type blades and clockwise rotating drag-type blades. Non-contact CCR-TENG realizes low-speed wind energy harvesting at wind speeds as low as 1 m/s. The output of a CCR-TENG, working in soft-contact mode, achieves 41% promotion with a maximum short-circuit current of 0.11 mA and a peak surface power density of 6.2 W/m2 with two TENGs connected in parallel. Furthermore, the power density per unit of wind speed achieves 746 mW/m3·s/m. Consequently, two fluorescent lamps were successfully illuminated and six temperature sensors were continuously lit by the CCR-TENG. The reported CCR-TENG significantly improves low-speed environmental wind energy utilization and demonstrates broad application prospects for in-situ power supply of distributed wireless transmission devices and sensors in the era of the IoT.

DcMYB62, a transcription factor from carrot, enhanced cadmium tolerance of Arabidopsis by inducing the accumulation of carotenoids and hydrogen sulfide.

Cadmium (Cd) is a significant heavy metal contaminant within the environment, carrying a notable level of toxicity that presents a substantial hazard to both plant and human. Carrot (Daucus carota), a significant root vegetable crop globally, have evolved multiple transcriptional regulatory mechanisms to cope with Cd stress, with a crucial involvement of the myeloblastosis (MYB) transcription factor. In this study, the DcMYB62 gene encoding 288 amino acids, localized in the nucleus and demonstrated transcription activation property, was isolated from carrot (cv. 'Kuroda'). There was a positive relationship observed between the levels of DcMYB62 expression and the accumulation patterns of carotenoids in two distinct carrot cultivars. Further investigation revealed that the expression of DcMYB62 improved Cd tolerance of Arabidopsis by increasing seed germination rate, root length, and overall survival rate. The levels of carotenoids in DcMYB62 transgenic Arabidopsis surpassed those in wild type, accompanied by elevated expression levels of 15-cis-phytoene desaturase, zeta-carotene desaturase, and carotenoid isomerase. Meanwhile, the heterologous expression of DcMYB62 promoted the biosynthesis of abscisic acid (ABA) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), which in turn suppressed the formation of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion, while also stimulating stomatal closure. Furthermore, the heterologous expression of DcMYB62 increased the transcription of genes associated with heavy metal resistance in Arabidopsis, notably nicotianamine synthase. Overall, this study contributes to understanding how DcMYB62 promote Cd stress resistance of plants by regulating the biosynthesis pathways of carotenoids, ABA, and H2S, which offers valuable insights into the regulatory mechanism connecting DcMYBs with Cd stress response of carrot.

Hydrogen sulfide alleviates cadmium stress in germinating carrot seeds by promoting the accumulation of proline.

Carrot (Daucus carota L.), a widely cultivated economically vegetable from the Apiaceae family, is grown globally. However, carrots can be adversely impacted by cadmium (Cd) pollution in the soil due to its propensity to accumulate in the fleshy root, thus impeding carrot growth and posing health hazards to consumers. Given the potential of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) to improve plant resistance against Cd stress, we treated germinating carrot seeds with varying concentrations of sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS), aiming to alleviate the toxic impacts of Cd stress on carrot seed germination. The results revealed that carrot seeds treated with a concentration of 0.25 mM NaHS displayed better seed germination-associated characteristics compared to seeds treated with NaHS concentrations of 0.1 mM and 0.5 mM. Further investigation revealed a rise in the expression levels of L-cysteine desulfhydrase and D-cysteine desulfhydrase, along with enhanced activity of L-cysteine desulfhydrase and D-cysteine desulfhydrase among the NaHS treatment group, thereby leading to H2S accumulation. Moreover, NaHS treatment triggered the expression of pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase and pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase and promoted the accumulation of endogenous proline, while the contents of soluble sugar and soluble protein increased correspondingly. Interestingly, since the application of exogenous proline did not influence the accumulation of endogenous H2S, suggesting that H2S served as the upstream regulator of proline. Histochemical staining and biochemical indices revealed that NaHS treatment led to elevated antioxidant enzyme activity, alongside a suppression of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide generation. Furthermore, high performance liquid chromatography analysis revealed that NaHS treatment reduced Cd2+ uptake, thereby promoting germination rate, seed vitality, and hypocotyl length of carrot seeds under Cd stress. Overall, our findings shed light on the application of NaHS to enhance carrot resistance against Cd stress and lay a foundation for exploring the regulatory role of H2S in plants responding to Cd stress.

miR-10a induces inflammatory responses in epileptic hippocampal neurons of rats via PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.

Epilepsy is a common chronic neurological disorder worldwide. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in the pathogenesis of epilepsy. However, the mechanism of the regulatory effect of miR-10a on epilepsy is unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of miR-10a expression on the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and inflammatory cytokines in epileptic hippocampal neurons of rats. The miRNA differential expression profile of rat epileptic brain was analyzed using bioinformatic approaches. Neonatal Sprague-Dawley rat hippocampal neurons were prepared as epileptic neuron models in vitro by replacing culture medium with magnesium-free extracellular solution. The hippocampal neurons were transfected with miR-10a mimics, and transcript levels of miR-10a, PI3K, Akt and mTOR were detected by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR, and PI3K, mTOR, Akt, TNF-α, IL-1ß, IL-6 protein expression levels were detected by Western blot. Cytokines secretory levels were detected by ELISA. Sixty up-regulated miRNAs were identified in the hippocampal tissue of epileptic rats and might affect the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. In the epileptic hippocampal neurons model, the expression levels of miR-10a were significantly increased, with decreasing levels of PI3K, Akt and mTOR, and increasing levels of TNF-α, IL-1ß and IL-6. The miR-10a mimics promoted the expression of TNF-α, IL-1ß and IL-6. Meanwhile, miR-10a inhibitor activated PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and inhibited cytokines secretion. Finally, cytokine secretion was increased by treated with PI3K inhibitor and miR-10a inhibitor. The miR-10a may promote inflammatory responses in rat hippocampal neurons by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, suggesting that miR-10a may be one of the target therapeutic molecules for epilepsy treatment.

Reducing oxidative stress may be important for treating pirarubicin-induced cardiotoxicity with schisandrin B.

The cardiotoxicity of pirarubicin (THP) seriously affects its clinical application, which cannot be ignored. The antioxidant effect of schisandrin B (SchB) has been extensively reported in the context of dietotherapy. However, whether this antioxidant effect can protect the heart from THP damage remains unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the antioxidant effect of SchB can antagonize the cardiotoxicity of THP. Changes in electrocardiogram (ECG), echocardiography and serum lactate dehydrogenase, brain natriuretic peptide, creatine kinase MB and cardiac troponin T levels were used to detect the degree of cardiac damage. The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde, catalase and total antioxidant capacity in the serum and heart were measured to observe the oxidative stress state of rats. Primary cardiomyocytes were cultured, and cell viability and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were detected. Western blotting was used to detect the expression levels of SOD2, NOX2, pro/cleaved-caspase3 and Bcl-2/Bax in heart tissue and primary cardiomyocytes to verify the related signaling pathways. THP-treated rats showed a range of cardiac damage, including an abnormal ECG, echocardiography and myocardial enzymes. In the cellular experiments, cell viability decreased and ROS increased. However, this damage was alleviated after SchB treatment. Further studies demonstrated that SchB antagonized THP cardiotoxicity via its antioxidant effect. In conclusion, SchB protects the heart from THP damage in rats, and the mechanism may be closely associated with its antioxidant effect.

Wogonin reduces cardiomyocyte apoptosis from mitochondrial release of cytochrome c to improve doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity.

Doxorubicin (DOX) has powerful anticancer properties, but its clinical application is affected by its serious cardiotoxicity. Wogonin (WG) has been shown to have marked cardiovascular protection potential. However, it is not known whether this potential can protect the heart from DOX damage. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether WG could ameliorate the cardiotoxicity of DOX. DOX and WG were used to establish a model of cardiac damage. Echocardiography, brain natriuretic peptide, creatine kinase MB and cardiac troponin T were used to detect the degree of cardiac damage. The levels of superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, glutathione and catalase in serum were measured to observed oxidative stress state. The mRNA levels of cyclophilin D, voltage-dependent anion-selective channel 1 and adenine nucleotide transporter 1 were detected by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of cytochrome c in mitochondria and cytoplasm and cleaved-caspase-9 and pro/cleaved-caspase-3 in cytoplasm in cardiac tissue and primary cardiomyocytes to verify the related signaling pathways. DOX rats showed a series of cardiac damage. However, these damages were alleviated following WG treatment. Further studies showed that WG antagonized DOX cardiotoxicity through inhibiting the release of cytochrome c. WG protected rat heart from DOX damage. The mechanism may be closely related to inhibiting the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria and reducing cardiomyocyte apoptosis caused by caspase activation.

A High-Performance Flag-Type Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Scavenging Wind Energy toward Self-Powered IoTs.

Pervasive and continuous energy solutions are highly desired in the era of the Internet of Things for powering wide-range distributed devices/sensors. Wind energy has been widely regarded as an ideal energy source for distributed devices/sensors due to the advantages of being sustainable and renewable. Herein, we propose a high-performance flag-type triboelectric nanogenerator (HF-TENG) to efficiently harvest widely distributed and highly available wind energy. The HF-TENG is composed of one piece of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane and two carbon-coated polyethylene terephthalate (PET) membranes with their edges sealed up. Two ingenious internal-structure designs significantly improve the output performance. One is to place the supporting sponge strips between the PTFE and the carbon electrodes, and the other is to divide the PTFE into multiple pieces to obtain a multi-degree of freedom. Both methods can improve the degree of contact and separation between the two triboelectric materials while working. When the pair number of supporting sponge strips is two and the degree of freedom is five, the maximum voltage and current of HF-TENG can reach 78 V and 7.5 µA, respectively, which are both four times that of the untreated flag-type TENG. Additionally, the HF-TENG was demonstrated to power the LEDs, capacitors, and temperature sensors. The reported HF-TENG significantly promotes the utilization of the ambient wind energy and sheds some light on providing a pervasive and sustainable energy solution to the distributed devices/sensors in the era of the Internet of Things.

Cyclic-di-AMP Phosphodiesterase Elicits Protective Immune Responses Against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra Infection in Mice.

Many antigens from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) have been demonstrated as strong immunogens and proved to have application potential as vaccine candidate antigens. Cyclic di-AMP (c-di-AMP) as a bacterial second messenger regulates various bacterial processes as well as the host immune responses. Rv2837c, the c-di-AMP phosphodiesterase (CnpB), was found to be relative to virulence of M. tuberculosis and interference with host innate immune response. In this study, recombinant CnpB was administered subcutaneously to mice. We found that CnpB had strong immunogenicity and induced high levels of humoral response and lung mucosal immunity after M. tuberculosis intranasally infection. CnpB immunization stimulated splenocyte proliferation and the increasing number of activated NK cells but had little effects on Th1/Th2 cellular immune responses in spleens. However, CnpB induced significant Th1/Th2 cellular immune responses with a decreased number of T and B cells in the lungs, and significantly recruits of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells after M. tuberculosis attenuated strain H37Ra infection. Besides, we first reported that CnpB could stimulate IFN-ß expression transitorily and inhibit the autophagy of macrophages in vitro. In mice intranasally infection model, CnpB immunization alleviated pathological changes and reduced M. tuberculosis H37Ra loads in the lungs. Thus, our results suggested that CnpB interferes with host innate and adaptive immune responses and confers protection against M. tuberculosis respiratory infection, which should be considered in vaccine development as well as a drug target.

A Self-Powered and Highly Accurate Vibration Sensor Based on Bouncing-Ball Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Intelligent Ship Machinery Monitoring.

With the development of intelligent ship, types of advanced sensors are in great demand for monitoring the work conditions of ship machinery. In the present work, a self-powered and highly accurate vibration sensor based on bouncing-ball triboelectric nanogenerator (BB-TENG) is proposed and investigated. The BB-TENG sensor consists of two copper electrode layers and one 3D-printed frame filled with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) balls. When the sensor is installed on a vibration exciter, the PTFE balls will continuously bounce between the two electrodes, generating a periodically fluctuating electrical signals whose frequency can be easily measured through fast Fourier transform. Experiments have demonstrated that the BB-TENG sensor has a high signal-to-noise ratio of 34.5 dB with mean error less than 0.05% at the vibration frequency of 10 Hz to 50 Hz which covers the most vibration range of the machinery on ship. In addition, the BB-TENG can power 30 LEDs and a temperature sensor by converting vibration energy into electricity. Therefore, the BB-TENG sensor can be utilized as a self-powered and highly accurate vibration sensor for condition monitoring of intelligent ship machinery.

An LSTM-Based Prediction Method for Lower Limb Intention Perception by Integrative Analysis of Kinect Visual Signal.

Recently, computer vision and deep learning technology has been applied in various gait rehabilitation researches. Considering the long short-term memory (LSTM) network has been proved an excellent performance in learn sequence feature representations, we proposed a lower limb joint trajectory prediction method based on LSTM for conducting active rehabilitation on a rehabilitation robotic system. Our approach based on synergy theory exploits that the follow-up lower limb joint trajectory, i.e. limb intention, could be generated by joint angles of the previous swing process of upper limb which were acquired from Kinect platform, an advanced computer vision platform for motion tracking. A customize Kinect-Treadmill data acquisition platform was built for this study. With this platform, data acquisition on ten healthy subjects is processed in four different walking speeds to acquire the joint angles calculated by Kinect visual signals of upper and lower limb swing. Then, the angles of hip and knee in one side which were presented as lower limb intentions are predicted by the fore angles of the elbow and shoulder on the opposite side via a trained LSTM model. The results indicate that the trained LSTM model has a better estimation of predicting the lower limb intentions, and the feasibility of Kinect visual signals has been validated as well.

Simple Aggregation-Induced Emission-Based Multifunctional Fluorescent Dots for Cancer Therapy In Vitro.

Multifunctional nanoparticles were simply synthesized by mixing a TICT+AIE featured molecule (TPAPP-CHO) with PBS solution. The fluorescent (FL) dots entered the cells via energy-related endocytosis and were located in lysosome emitting green FL. This indicated that the nanoparticles were dissociated in the lysosome. Moreover, the synthesized nanoparticles (NPs) demonstrate potent cytotoxicity against human U87 glioblastoma cells by inducing cell apoptosis via triggering intracellular ROS overproduction.

A fluoride ion-mediated continuous etching-redeposition strategy to synthesize Si nanocomposites with appropriate SiO2 coating layers for Li-ion batteries.

Silicon nanocomposites with surface coating have been promising candidates for high-performance anodes in Li-ion batteries. Here we report a simple yet effective way to synthesize Si@SiO2 nanocomposites with amorphous SiO2 coating through a fluoride ion-mediated continuous etching-redeposition process. The Si@SiO2 nanocomposite anode exhibits significantly improved lithium storage properties, with a reversible capacity of 1356 mA h g-1 at 2.1 A g-1 for 300 cycles.