Novel approach to hydroxy-group-containing porous organic polymers from bisphenol A.

We successfully employed bisphenol A and several different formyl-containing monomers as useful building blocks to construct a series of hydroxy-group-containing porous organic polymers in a sealed tube at high temperature. Fourier transform infrared and solid-state 13C CP/MAS NMR spectroscopy are utilized to characterize the possible structure of the obtained polymers. The highest Brunauer-Emmet-Teller specific surface area of the phenolic-resin porous organic polymers (PPOPs) is estimated to be 920 m2 g-1. The PPOPs exhibit a highest carbon dioxide uptake (up to 15.0 wt % (273 K) and 8.8 wt % (298 K) at 1.0 bar), and possess moderate hydrogen storage capacities ranging from 1.28 to 1.04 wt % (77 K) at 1.0 bar. Moreover, the highest uptake of methane for the PPOPs is measured as 4.3 wt % (273 K) at 1.0 bar.

Nitrogen-containing microporous conjugated polymers via carbazole-based oxidative coupling polymerization: preparation, porosity, and gas uptake.

Facile preparation of microporous conjugated polycarbazoles via carbazole-based oxidative coupling polymerization is reported. The process to form the polymer network has cost-effective advantages such as using a cheap catalyst, mild reaction conditions, and requiring a single monomer. Because no other functional groups such as halo groups, boric acid, and alkyne are required for coupling polymerization, properties derived from monomers are likely to be fully retained and structures of final polymers are easier to characterize. A series of microporous conjugated polycarbazoles (CPOP-2-7) with permanent porosity are synthesized using versatile carbazolyl-bearing 2D and 3D conjugated core structures with non-planar rigid conformation as building units. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller specific surface area values for these porous materials vary between 510 and 1430 m(2) g(-1) . The dominant pore sizes of the polymers based on the different building blocks are located between 0.59 and 0.66 nm. Gas (H2 and CO2 ) adsorption isotherms show that CPOP-7 exhibits the best uptake capacity for hydrogen (1.51 wt% at 1.0 bar and 77 K) and carbon dioxide (13.2 wt% at 1.0 bar and 273 K) among the obtained polymers. Furthermore, its high CH4 /N2 and CO2 /N2 adsorption selectivity gives polymer CPOP-7 potential application in gas separation.

Correlation Between Illness Uncertainty in Caregivers of Patients with Liver Cancer, Their Coping Styles, and Quality of Life.

Objective: This study explores the correlation between coping style, quality of life, and illness uncertainty in the family caregivers of patients with liver cancer. Methods: Employing convenience sampling, 210 family caregivers of patients with liver cancer who met the admission criteria were selected from a grade A infectious disease hospital in Beijing between January and December 2022. A cross-sectional survey was conducted using the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire, Caregiver Quality of Life, and the Mishel Uncertainty in Illness Scale for Family Members. This study analysed the correlations between coping styles, quality of life, and illness uncertainty in these caregivers. Results: The study found that family caregivers of patients with liver cancer had average scores for illness uncertainty (83.44 ± 11.86), coping style (33.19 ± 9.79; both positive [23.02 ± 6.81] and negative [10.17 ± 5.05]), and quality of life (169.53 ± 32.46). A negative association was observed between illness uncertainty in these caregivers and positive coping style (r = -0.207, p = 0.003), physical status (r = -0.182, p = 0.008), psychological status (r = -0.200, p = 0.004), and social adaptation (r = -0.229, p = 0.001). Conclusion: The study concludes that illness uncertainty in family caregivers of patients with liver cancer is at a moderate level. Furthermore, there is a notable correlation between illness uncertainty, coping style, and quality of life in these caregivers.

Dynamic protein-protein interaction subnetworks of lung cancer in cases with smoking history.

Smoking is the primary cause of lung cancer and is linked to 85% of lung cancer cases. However, how lung cancer develops in patients with smoking history remains unclear. Systems approaches that combine human protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks and gene expression data are superior to traditional methods. We performed these systems to determine the role that smoking plays in lung cancer development and used the support vector machine (SVM) model to predict PPIs. By defining expression variance (EV), we found 520 dynamic proteins (EV>0.4) using data from the Human Protein Reference Database and Gene Expression Omnibus Database, and built 7 dynamic PPI subnetworks of lung cancer in patients with smoking history. We also determined the primary functions of each subnetwork: signal transduction, apoptosis, and cell migration and adhesion for subnetwork A; cell-sustained angiogenesis for subnetwork B; apoptosis for subnetwork C; and, finally, signal transduction and cell replication and proliferation for subnetworks D-G. The probability distribution of the degree of dynamic protein and static protein differed, clearly showing that the dynamic proteins were not the core proteins which widely connected with their neighbor proteins. There were high correlations among the dynamic proteins, suggesting that the dynamic proteins tend to form specific dynamic modules. We also found that the dynamic proteins were only correlated with the expression of selected proteins but not all neighbor proteins when cancer occurred.

Glucosamine hydrochloride functionalized water-soluble conjugated polyfluorene: synthesis, characterization, and interactions with DNA.

Novel glucosamine hydrochloride functionalized water-soluble conjugated polyfluorene was easily synthesized through Cu(I)-catalyzed azide/alkyne "click" ligation and Suzuki coupling polymerization. The water-solubility and biocompatibility of the polymer were improved after grafting glucosamine hydrochloride to the side chains of the conjugated polymer. As a fluorescent model system of chitosan, its interaction with single-stranded DNA was studied by spectrofluorometric titration.

Supramolecular organic network assembled from quadruple hydrogen-bonding motifs.

We prepared a rigid triptycene derivative with three 2-ureido-4[1H]-pyrimidinone terminals, which was employed to construct a hydrogen-bonded organic polymer (). The supramolecular organic polymer was permanently porous and exhibited outstanding sorption selectivity towards carbon dioxide over nitrogen (96 at 273 K).

Microporous organic polymers with ketal linkages: synthesis, characterization, and gas sorption properties.

A series of microporous organic polymers with ketal linkages were synthesized based on the condensation of aromatic acetyl monomers with pentaerythritol. Fourier transform infrared and solid-state cross-polarization/magic-angle-spinning (13)C NMR spectroscopy were utilized to confirm the ketal linkages of the resulting polymers. The morphology can be observed from scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images. The materials possess Brunauer-Emmet-Teller specific surface area values ranging from 520 to 950 m(2) g(-1), and the highest hydrogen sorption capacity is up to 1.96 wt % (77 K and 1.0 bar), which is superior to that of most of microporous organic polymers. The facile and cost-effective preparation process and excellent gas sorption properties make these kinds of materials promising candidates for practical applications.

Fluorinated Porous Organic Polymers via Direct C-H Arylation Polycondensation.

Considering the high reactivity of the C-H bonds in fluorobenzenes for direct arylation and special properties of fluorinated polymers, herein, synthesis of fluorinated porous organic polymers via direct C-H arylation polycondensation is explored. The obtained polymers (FPOP-1 and FPOP-2) are well characterized and show high porosities with Brunauer-Emmett-Teller specific surface area of above 1000 m2 g-1. Different pore size distribution (PSD) profiles of porous polymers can be obtained by selecting different core constructing monomers. FPOP-2 exhibits a relatively narrower PSD with the dominant pore size at about 0.63 nm, which is more suitable for adsorption of small gas molecules (H2, CO2, and CH4) than FPOP-1. As a porous fluorinated hydrophobic material, FPOP-2 possesses high adsorption ability for toluene (976 mg g-1 at saturated vapor pressure and room temperature) due to its high porosities and binding affinities between the guest molecules and the host network. The good sorption capacity of FPOP-2 for toluene makes it show potential applications in elimination of harmful small aromatic molecules in the environment.

Facile approach to preparing microporous organic polymers through benzoin condensation.

A series of microporous organic networks linked by α-hydroxyl ketone were synthesized based on benzoin self-condensation of multiformyl-containing building blocks. Fourier transform infrared and solid-state (13)C CP/MAS NMR spectroscopy were utilized to confirm the α-hydroxyl ketone linkage of the obtained polymers. The hollow microspheric morphology can be observed from scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images. The materials, with Brunauer-Emmet-Teller specific surface area up to 736 m(2) g(-1), possess a hydrogen storage capacity up to 1.42 wt % at 77 K and 1.0 bar and a carbon dioxide uptake up to 15.3 wt % at 273 K and 1.0 bar. These excellent characteristics would make them become promising candidates for gas storage.