A comprehensive analysis of the WRKY family in soybean and functional analysis of GmWRKY164-GmGSL7c in resistance to soybean mosaic virus.

BACKGROUND: Soybean mosaic disease caused by soybean mosaic virus (SMV) is one of the most devastating and widespread diseases in soybean producing areas worldwide. The WRKY transcription factors (TFs) are widely involved in plant development and stress responses. However, the roles of the GmWRKY TFs in resistance to SMV are largely unclear. RESULTS: Here, 185 GmWRKYs were characterized in soybean (Glycine max), among which 60 GmWRKY genes were differentially expressed during SMV infection according to the transcriptome data. The transcriptome data and RT-qPCR results showed that the expression of GmWRKY164 decreased after imidazole treatment and had higher expression levels in the incompatible combination between soybean cultivar variety Jidou 7 and SMV strain N3. Remarkably, the silencing of GmWRKY164 reduced callose deposition and enhanced virus spread during SMV infection. In addition, the transcript levels of the GmGSL7c were dramatically lower upon the silencing of GmWRKY164. Furthermore, EMSA and ChIP-qPCR revealed that GmWRKY164 can directly bind to the promoter of GmGSL7c, which contains the W-box element. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that GmWRKY164 plays a positive role in resistance to SMV infection by regulating the expression of GmGSL7c, resulting in the deposition of callose and the inhibition of viral movement, which provides guidance for future studies in understanding virus-resistance mechanisms in soybean.

Room temperature NH3 gas sensor based on In(OH)3/Ti3C2Tx nanocomposites.

Industrialization and agricultural demand have both improved human life and led to environmental contamination. Especially the discharge of a lot of poisonous and harmful gases, including ammonia, ammonia pollution has become a pressing problem. High concentrations of ammonia can pose significant threats to both the environment and human health. Therefore, accurate monitoring and detection of ammonia gas are crucial. To address this challenge, we have developed an ammonia gas sensor using In(OH)3/Ti3C2Tx nanocomposites through an in-situ electrostatic self-assembly process. This sensor was thoroughly characterized using advanced techniques like XRD, XPS, BET, and TEM. In our tests, the I/M-2 sensor exhibited remarkable performance, achieving a 16.8% response to 100 ppm NH3 at room temperature, which is a 3.5-fold improvement over the pure Ti3C2Tx MXene sensor. Moreover, it provides swift response time (20 s), high response to low NH3 concentrations (≤ 10 ppm), and excellent long-term stability (30 days). These exceptional characteristics indicate the immense potential of our In(OH)3/Ti3C2Tx gas sensor in ammonia detection.

α-Fe2O3/TiO2/Ti3C2Tx Nanocomposites for Enhanced Acetone Gas Sensors.

Metal oxide semi-conductors are widely applied in various fields due to their low cost, easy processing, and good compatibility with microelectronic technology. In this study, ternary α-Fe2O3/TiO2/Ti3C2Tx nanocomposites were prepared via simple hydrothermal and annealing treatments. The composition, morphology, and crystal structure of the samples were studied using XPS, SEM, EDS, XRD, and multiple other testing methods. The gas-sensing measurement results suggest that the response value (34.66) of the F/M-3 sensor is 3.5 times higher than the pure α-Fe2O3 sensor (9.78) around 100 ppm acetone at 220°C, with a rapid response and recovery time (10/7 s). Furthermore, the sensors have an ultra-low detection limit (0.1 ppm acetone), excellent selectivity, and long-term stability. The improved sensitivity of the composites is mainly attributed to their excellent metal conductivity, the unique two-dimensional layered structure of Ti3C2Tx, and the heterojunction formed between the nanocomposite materials. This research paves a new route for the preparation of MXene derivatives and metal oxide nanocomposites.

Preschool children's asthma medication: parental knowledge, attitudes, practices, and adherence.

Introduction: As parents or legal guardians primarily care for children with asthma, understanding their knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) barriers to treatment and medication adherence is of essential importance. This study aimed to analyze the KAP toward asthma medication and adherence among preschool-aged asthmatic children's parents and explore the factors influencing adherence. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between February 2023 and April 2023. Parents of preschool children with asthma were asked to complete the questionnaire containing knowledge, attitude, practice dimensions, and demographic characteristics. The Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS) was used to investigate adherence. Results: A total of 632 valid questionnaires (154 male and 478 female) were included. Parents showed moderate knowledge (9.49 ± 2.86, 63.27%, possible range: 0-15) and moderate attitudes (26.18 ± 2.51, 74.80%, possible range: 7-35) towards asthma medication, while their practices (27.46 ± 5.26, 91.53%, possible range: 6-30) were proactive; however, medication adherence was low (4.84 ± 1.78, total score: 8). The attitude scores (OR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.01-1.19, P=0.020), practice scores (OR = 1.16, 95%CI: 1.12-1.21, p < 0.001), and smoking (OR = 1.64, 95%CI: 1.14-2.37, p = 0.008) were associated with medication adherence. Discussion: Preschool-aged asthmatic children's parents showed moderate knowledge, attitudes, and proactive practice toward asthma medication. Continuous training and education programs should be provided for parents to improve asthma medication management in preschool children.

Flexible Multimodal Magnetoresistive Sensors Based on Alginate/Poly(vinyl alcohol) Foam with Stimulus Discriminability for Soft Electronics Using Machine Learning.

Flexible foam-based sensors have attracted substantial interest due to their high specific surface area, light weight, superior deformability, and ease of manufacture. However, it is still a challenge to integrate multimodal stimuli-responsiveness, high sensitivity, reliable stability, and good biocompatibility into a single foam sensor. To achieve this, a magnetoresistive foam sensor was fabricated by an in situ freezing-polymerization strategy based on the interpenetrating networks of sodium alginate, poly(vinyl alcohol) in conjunction with glycerol, and physical reinforcement of core-shell bidisperse magnetic particles. The assembled sensor exhibited preferable magnetic/strain-sensing capability (GF ≈ 0.41 T-1 for magnetic field, 4.305 for tension, -0.735 for bending, and -1.345 for pressing), quick response time, and reliable durability up to 6000 cycles under external stimuli. Importantly, a machine learning algorithm was developed to identify the encryption information, enabling high recognition accuracies of 99.22% and 99.34%. Moreover, they could be employed as health systems to detect human physiological motion and integrated as smart sensor arrays to perceive external pressure/magnetic field distributions. This work provides a simple and ecofriendly strategy to fabricate biocompatible foam-based multimodal sensors with potential applications in next-generation soft electronics.

Progress in the study of association between hematological indicators and retinopathy of prematurity (Review).

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a retinopathy caused by abnormal proliferation of blood vessels in premature infants. It can lead to retinal detachment and, in severe cases, blindness, rendering ROP a critical condition. Advances in neonatal medicine have improved survival rates of low birth weight and low gestational age infants. However, this progress has also led to a rise in incidence of ROP. Currently, premature birth, low birth weight and high postpartum oxygen levels are independent risk factors for ROP. Other factors include mode of delivery, multiple births, anemia, blood transfusion, maternal pregnancy factors, neonatal bronchopulmonary dysplasia, use of surfactants, arterial ductus arteriosus and necrotizing enterocolitis. Laboratory indicators in premature infants such as platelet count, levels of blood glucose, inflammatory cells, lipid and hemoglobin and blood transfusion may also be associated with ROP. However, the etiology and pathogenesis of ROP are not fully understood. A number of factors may influence the onset and progression of ROP, including decreased platelet counts, decreased hemoglobin levels, increased white blood cell counts, increased blood glucose levels, and disorders of lipid metabolism. The present study reviewed the effects of platelet count, hemoglobin, blood glucose, inflammatory cells and factors, blood lipids, and plasma metabolic pathways on ROP.

Computational prediction and experimental validation identify functionally conserved lncRNAs from zebrafish to human.

Functional studies of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been hindered by the lack of methods to assess their evolution. Here we present lncRNA Homology Explorer (lncHOME), a computational pipeline that identifies a unique class of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) with conserved genomic locations and patterns of RNA-binding protein (RBP) binding sites (coPARSE-lncRNAs). Remarkably, several hundred human coPARSE-lncRNAs can be evolutionarily traced to zebrafish. Using CRISPR-Cas12a knockout and rescue assays, we found that knocking out many human coPARSE-lncRNAs led to cell proliferation defects, which were subsequently rescued by predicted zebrafish homologs. Knocking down coPARSE-lncRNAs in zebrafish embryos caused severe developmental delays that were rescued by human homologs. Furthermore, we verified that human, mouse and zebrafish coPARSE-lncRNA homologs tend to bind similar RBPs with their conserved functions relying on specific RBP-binding sites. Overall, our study demonstrates a comprehensive approach for studying the functional conservation of lncRNAs and implicates numerous lncRNAs in regulating vertebrate physiology.