Differences of gene expression profiles of different subpopulations of exhausted T cells in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis / 中华传染病杂志

Objective:To explore the differences of gene expression profiles of precursors of exhausted T cells (Tpex) and terminal exhausted T cells (Tex) in the peripheral blood of patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis (ATB).Methods:Twenty-five cases of ATB, 13 cases of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and 10 health controls were enrolled from January 2021 to October 2022 in the Fifth People′s Hospital of Wuxi. The proportions of Tpex and Tex in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of the three groups were detected by flowcytometry. PBMCs of ATB were separated into Tpex and Tex by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. RNA-sequencing was performed and up-regulated and down-regulated genes were screended. Differently expressed genes were analyzed by gene set enrichment analysis of gene ontology (GO) to find regulatory pathways affecting cell metabolism and function. Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test, Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn multiple comparsion test were used for statistical analysis.Results:The proportion of Tpex in ATB group was 2.86%(1.74%), which was lower than 7.93%(6.16%) of Tex, and the difference was statistically significant ( Z=-3.91, P<0.001). The proportions of Tpex and Tex in LTBI group were 9.47%(6.26%) and 7.43%(5.48%), respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant ( Z=-0.93, P=0.345). The proportions of Tpex and Tex in healthy control group were 8.42%(2.69%) and 6.49%(5.14%), respectively, with no statistical significance ( Z=-1.36, P=0.170). There was statistical difference of the proportion of Tpex among the three groups ( H=21.93, P<0.001), and the proportion of Tpex in ATB group was lower than those in LTBI and heathy control groups, and the differences were both statistically significant ( Z=4.16, P<0.001 and Z=3.34, P=0.003, respectively), while the proportions of Tex in these three groups were not statistically different ( H=2.17, P=0.338). Compared with Tex, the gene expressions of memory markers, such as B-cell lymphoma 2 of Tpex were up-regulated, and the gene expressions of exhausted markers, such as lymphocyte activation gene 3 were down-regulated. In terms of cellular metabolism, the gene expressions of mitochondrial protein complex, mitochondrial matrix and oxidative phosphorylation of Tpex were up-regulated, and the gene expressions of glycolysis were down-regulated. The gene expressions of pyruvate metabolism in Tex were up-regulated, and the gene expressions of CD4 + T lymphocyte activation and differentiation and glycolytic process in Tpex were down-regulated. Conclusions:Tpex in ATB express more characteristics of memory cells and less features of exhausted markers compared with Tex, and the function of mitochondria of Tpex preserves well.

Process of Forensic Medicine in DNA Identification of Aged Human Remains / 法医学杂志

Skeleton and teeth are important biological samples. Due to their special structure and strong ability to resist degradation, they are ideal biological materials to retain DNA under natural condition. In many cases, such as historical figure identification, aged skeleton and teeth are usually the only biological samples. However, their DNA is in a state of trace, damage and degradation to different degrees, which requires special experimental treatment to achieve identification. This paper reviews the sample selection, DNA extraction, DNA enrichment and analysis approaches based on relevant research reports in recent years, aiming to promote the further development and improvement of the aged skeleton and teeth identification system.

Novel biomarkers combination in the application of discriminating active tuberculosis and latent tuberculosis infection / 中华传染病杂志

Objective:To evaluate the expressions of three biomarkers combination of CD27, CD38 and human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-DR in the application of discrminating active tuberculosis (ATB) and latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI).Methods:Sixty cases of ATB and 44 cases of LTBI were enrolled from March 2021 to February 2022 in Huashan Hospital, Fudan University and Wuxi Fifth People′s Hospital. Freshly isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients were stimulated with 6 kDa early secretory antigenic target/culture filtrate protein 10 peptide pools. The expressions of CD27, CD38 and HLA-DR on Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific CD4 + T lymphocytes were evaluated by polychromatic flow cytometry. Mann-Whitney U test was used for statistical analysis. The area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUROC) was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of biomarkers in discriminating ATB and LTBI. Results:The frequencies of CD27 -, CD38 +, HLA-DR +, CD27 -CD38 +, CD27 -HLA-DR + and CD38 + HLA-DR + in ATB group were all higher than those in LTBI group, and the differences were all statistically significant ( U=26.00, 451.00, 384.00, 8.00, 7.00 and 184.00, respectively, all P<0.001). The AUROC of CD27 -CD4 + interferon-γ(IFN-γ) + T lymphocytes was 0.71 with a cut-off value of 52.31%, with the sensitivity of 50.00% and specificity of 87.20%. The AUROC of CD38 + CD4 + IFN-γ + T lymphocytes was 0.82 with a cut-off value of 30.25%, with the sensitivity of 73.40% and specificity of 89.70%. The AUROC of HLA-DR + CD4 + IFN-γ + T lymphocytes was 0.85 with a cut-off value of 36.60%, with the sensitivity of 66.00% and specificity of 94.90%. The AUROC of CD27 -CD38 + CD4 + IFN-γ + T lymphocytes was 0.80 with a cut-off value of 8.82%, with the sensitivity of 90.60% and specificity of 61.50%. The AUROC of CD27 -HLA-DR + CD4 + IFN-γ + T lymphocytes was 0.83 with a cut-off value of 18.62%, with the sensitivity of 75.00% and specificity of 79.50%. The AUROC of CD38 + HLA-DR + CD4 + IFN-γ + T lymphocytes was 0.93 with a cut-off value of 22.35%, with the sensitivity of 79.70% and specificity of 100.00%. Conclusions:The expressions of CD27 -, CD38 + and HLA-DR + in Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific CD4 + T lymphocytes are higher in ATB group compared to LTBI group. ATB and LTBI could be well discriminated by detecting the expressions of CD27, CD38 and HLA-DR on CD4 + IFN-γ + T lymphocytes with flow cytometry.

NETO2 promotes melanoma progression via activation of the Ca2+/CaMKII signaling pathway / 医学前沿

Melanoma is the most aggressive cutaneous tumor. Neuropilin and tolloid-like 2 (NETO2) is closely related to tumorigenesis. However, the functional significance of NETO2 in melanoma progression remains unclear. Herein, we found that NETO2 expression was augmented in melanoma clinical tissues and associated with poor prognosis in melanoma patients. Disrupting NETO2 expression markedly inhibited melanoma proliferation, malignant growth, migration, and invasion by downregulating the levels of calcium ions (Ca2+) and the expression of key genes involved in the calcium signaling pathway. By contrast, NETO2 overexpression had the opposite effects. Importantly, pharmacological inhibition of CaMKII/CREB activity with the CaMKII inhibitor KN93 suppressed NETO2-induced proliferation and melanoma metastasis. Overall, this study uncovered the crucial role of NETO2-mediated regulation in melanoma progression, indicating that targeting NETO2 may effectively improve melanoma treatment.

Analysis of self-assessment on the position competency of residents with completion of residency training in a certain hospital in Beijing / 国际外科学杂志

Objective:To analyze the results of self-assessment on the position competency of residents in a certain hospital, and to provide reference for improving the quality of training.Methods:From June 2021 to October 2021, a whole-group questionnaire survey was conducted among 224 residents who participated in the standardized training in Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University. The questionnaire consists of general information questionnaire, position competency questionnaire. The position competency questionnaire contains eight dimensions. Measurement data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation ( ± s), t-test was used for comparison between two groups, and one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison between multiple groups. Results:The position competency score of residents was (3.94±1.07) points, among which the scores of interpersonal communication ability was the highest (4.42±0.68) points. The scores of scientific research ability [(3.26±1.30) points] was the lowest among the eight dimensions. There were statistically significant differences among residents of different genders in post competency, disease prevention and health promotion and interpersonal communication ability ( P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in the scores of medical knowledge and lifelong learning ability and scientific research ability among residents with different identity ( P<0.05). There was statistical significance in the score of scientific research ability among residents with different educational backgrounds ( P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in the scores of position competency, disease prevention and health promotion, interpersonal communication ability, medical knowledge and lifelong learning ability among residents of different majors ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The position competency of residents should be further improved. To guarantee the quality of training, it was suggested to establish a competence-oriented training mechanism, strengthen the construction of teachers′ training teams, enrich and innovate training contents and methods.

Preliminary study on the role of glycoprotein A repetitions predominant in regulating tuberculosis pathogenesis through regulatory T cells / 中华传染病杂志

Objective:To investigate the role of glycoprotein A repetitions predominant (GARP) in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis through regulatory T cell (Treg), in order to provide new targets for the treatment of tuberculosis.Methods:Sixty patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis (ATB) admitted to Huashan Hospital, Fudan University and Wuxi Fifth People′s Hospital from January to September 2021 were included. And six individuals with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), and 16 healthy controls (HC) were recruited during the same period. Flow cytometry was performed to detect the proportion of Treg in the peripheral blood, and the expressions of GARP and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) on Treg in different groups. Mann-Whitney U test was used for statistical analysis. Results:Among the 60 patients with ATB, 23 patients did not receive anti-tuberculosis drug therapy, 17 patients were treated for less than three months, ten patients were treated for three to less than six months, and ten patients were treated for greater than or equal to six months. The percentage of CD4 + CD25 + forkhead box protein 3 (Foxp3) + Treg in untreated ATB patients was 7.50%(5.67%, 9.00%), which was higher than that in HC (5.57%(5.03%, 6.09%)), and the difference was statistically significant ( U=95.00, P=0.010). The percentage of GARP expressing in CD4 + CD25 + Foxp3 + Treg in untreated ATB patients was 10.37%(7.79%, 12.90%), which was higher than that in LTBI (7.02%(5.15%, 8.81%)) and HC (5.33%(4.26%, 6.67%)), respectively, and the differences were both statistically significant ( U=31.00, P=0.040; U=36.00, P<0.001, respectively), while there was no significant difference between LTBI and HC ( U=25.00, P=0.095). The percentage of CD4 + CD25 + Foxp3 + Treg expressing TGF-β1 in untreated ATB patients was 7.13%(4.25%, 8.89%), which was higher than that in HC (3.59%(2.10%, 5.17%)), and the difference was statistically significant ( U=71.00, P=0.001). The expressions of GARP in CD4 + CD8 -CD25 + Foxp3 + Treg in patients with ATB treated for less than three months group, three to less than six months group and greater than or equal to six months group were 7.82%(3.94%, 13.17%), 6.92%(5.61%, 9.47%) and 7.26%(5.82%, 9.64%), respectively. The expressions of TGF-β1 in CD4 + CD8 -CD25 + Foxp3 + Treg in the above three treatment groups were 11.16%(7.91%, 15.23%), 8.66%(5.43%, 12.54%) and 7.82%(6.01%, 9.53%), respectively, and the expression of TGF-β1 in CD4 + CD8 -CD25 + Foxp3 + Treg in the patients with ATB treated for less than three months group was higher than that in the greater than or equal to six months group, the difference was statistically significant ( U=37.50, P=0.024). Conclusions:Foxp3/GARP/TGF-β1 pathway may be involved in the immune mechanism of Treg regulating the pathogenesis of tuberculosis, and GARP may be a new target for anti-tuberculosis therapy.

Cross-sectional study of association between dietary pattern and cognitive performance in people aged 50 and above years in Shanghai / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To investigate the association between dietary pattern and cognitive performance in local residents aged ≥50 years in Shanghai. Methods: Data were obtained from the second round of Study of Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE) survey in Shanghai. Dietary patterns were surveyed by factor analysis. Cognitive tests were conducted to assess subjects' cognitive performance, including verbal recall, verbal fluency and digit test. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between dietary patterns and cognition performance. Results: A total of 4 132 subjects with complete dietary and cognitive performance test data were included. Factor analysis was used to obtain three dietary patterns: including plant-based pattern, high animal-food pattern, high salt-oil pattern. After controlling for gender, age, education level and other factors, it was found that plant-based pattern (β=0.26,95%CI: 0.17-0.36) and high animal-food pattern (β=0.18, 95%CI:0.06-0.29) were positively associated with total cognitive test score while high salt-oil pattern (β=-0.28, 95%CI:-0.85--0.07) was negatively associated with verbal fluency test score. Conclusion: A dietary pattern with high intake of plant food and appropriate intake of animal food might be associated with better cognitive function of residents aged ≥50 years.

Natural history, risk factors and interventions of mild obstructive sleep disordered breathing in children / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) in children is the syndromes of upper airway dysfunction during sleep, which can be classified into primary snoring (PS) and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) depending on the severity.For moderate or severe OSAS, adenotonsillectomy is the most important treatment.However, the indications for the treatment of PS and mild OSAS are controversial, and the outcomes of the treatment are still unclear.Whether it is reasonable to perform watchful waiting on these patients has attracted more and more attention.Understanding the na-tural history of the disease and risk factors accelerating disease progression will provide a more scientific approach for treatments and guide the early intervention of the children with mild SDB.

Effect of Chair Inclination Forward on Sit-to-Stand for Hemiplegics after Stroke / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To study the effect of chair inclination angles forward on sit-to-stand time and muscle activation of lower extremities in stroke patients with hemiplegia. Methods:From January to August, 2019, 15 stroke patients with hemiplegia finished five times sit-to-stand at seat slope 0°, 10° and 20° forward. The time, and surface electromyogram (sEMG) signals of rectus femoris, hamstrings, anterior tibialis and peroneus muscle were recorded. Results:The total EMG peak, root mean square and integrated electromyography (iEMG) of all the muscles decreased at seat slope 10° and 20° forward compared with those at 0° (F > 4.530, P < 0.05). The time decreased at seat slope 20° forward compared with that at 0° (P < 0.05). Conclusion:Seat inclination forward at some angles may improve the sit-to-stand performance in stroke patients with hemiplegia.

Effects of High-frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation to Premotor Areas on Upper Limb Motor Dysfunction after Stroke / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To explore the effect of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on upper limb motor function in hemiplegic patients after stroke. Methods:From August, 2018 to July, 2019, 60 patients with hemiplegia after stroke were randomly divided into control group (n = 30) and observation group (n = 30). Both groups received conventional treatment. The observation group accepted 5 Hz rTMS to ipsilesional hemisphere premotor areas for three weeks. The control group received sham stimulation. They were assessed with Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremities (FMA-UE), Brunnstrom stages, modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), modified Barthel Index (MBI) and Wolf Motor Function Test before and after treatment. Results:Two patients dropped in the control group. After treatment, the scores of FMA-UE, MBI and Wolf Motor Function Test improved in both groups (|t| > 3.686, P < 0.01), and the difference values of FMA-UE and Wolf Motor Function Test before and after treatment were more in the observation group than in the control group (|t| > 2.119, P < 0.05). Conclusion:High-frequency rTMS to ipsilesional hemisphere premotor areas could improve the recovery of upper limb and hand motor function in hemiplegic patients after stroke.

Evaluation of frailty in people aged 50 years and above in Shanghai / 中华疾病控制杂志

Objective To evaluate frailty in people aged 50 years and above in Shanghai. Methods Cross-sectional data was collected from 2009 to 2010 among people aged 50 and above in Shanghai in the World Health Organization (WHO) study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE) wave 1. A frailty index (FI) was constructed as the proportion of deficits in 40 variables. A FI of 0.2 or greater was recognized as approaching a frail state. Results A total of 8 632 participants were included, with average age of 63.3 years. The overall weighted prevalence of frailty was 7.8% (95% CI: 5.8-10.4%), the score of FI was 0.08 (95% CI: 0.07-0.09), which were both higher among women, elderly people, the divorced (separated/widowed) and individuals with lower levels of education and wealth. In addition, Ageing, insufficient intake of vegetable and fruit and low level of physical activity were significantly associated with frailty and higher FI. Conclusions Our study provides the epidemiological characteristics of frailty in people aged 50 years and older in Shanghai. It highlights the need for targeted preventive approaches and support programs to promote physical, psychological and social health in elderly people.

Study on detection of mouse influenza serum by surface enhanced raman spectroscopy / 实用医学杂志

Objective A new method for serum detection based on surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy was explored by comparing the Raman spectra between normal mice and influenza virus-infected mice. Methods The nano-silver sol was used as the active substrate.The Raman spectra of the normal group,the model group and the Tamiflu control group were detected by portable Raman spectroscopy,and the partial least squares discrimina-tion analysis(OPLS-DA)was performed by the orthogonal correction. The number of RNA replicas of influenza virus in lung tissue was measured by RT-PCR as a control method. Results At the 3rd or 5th days,the serum of the normal group,the model group and the Tamiflu control group showed a significant trend. By the ROC curve evaluation,the predictive ability of 3 groups of serum SERS models established by OPLS-DA was high,which could distinguish and differentiate 3 groups of serum. Conclusions The results of SERS and RT-PCR detections were consistent.The preliminary results show that SERS pattern can help to identify and diagnose whether the body is infected with influenza virus.

Role of Rac1 signaling pathway of azathioprine and peptidoglycan in the regulation of monocyte-macrophage apoptosis in Crohn's disease / 中华内科杂志

Objective To evaluate the changes of macrophages and expression of Rac1 in the inflammatory site of Crohn's disease,and to investigate the effects of 6-thioguanine (6-TG) and peptidoglycan on apoptosis of human peripheral blood monocyte-macrophage by regulating Rac1 signaling pathway.Methods Ten patients with Crohn's disease and eight healthy controls diagnosed were enrolled at Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology,Tianjin Medical University General Hospital from January 2013 to January 2014.The number of macrophages,apoptosis and expression of Rac1 in the inflammation sites and non-inflammation sites of intestinal mucosa were detected in both patients and controls.Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were sorted by CD14 immunomagnetic beads.The apoptosis of monocytes,expression of Rac1 and related apoptosis signaling molecules were detected in patients treated with peptidoglycan,6-TG and Rac1 inhibitor NSC23766 and another 15 healthy donors.Results The number of macrophages and apoptotic cells significantly increased in the inflammatory group of Crohn's disease patients compared with the non-inflammatory group.The expression of PAK1,downstream molecular of Rac1 signaling pathway of macrophages was also significantly higher in the inflammatory group of Crohn's disease patients than that in healthy controls and non-inflammatory group.Compared with control group,anti-apoptotic signals (NF-κB,Bcl-xL and STAT-3) in PBMCs increased in the peptidoglycan group,while slightly decreased in 6-TG group.6-TG and NSC23766 significantly promoted peptidoglycan-related anti-apoptosis [peptidoglycan group (8.6±3.7)％,peptidoglycan + 6-TG group (42.0±2.7)％,peptidoglycan + NSC23766 group (58.5±6.9)％,P＜0.05].Conclusions Peptidoglycan plays a role in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease by recruiting macrophages.However,6-TG inhibits peptidoglycan-induced activation of Rac 1 signaling pathway leading to macrophage apoptosis.

Determination of 11Kinds of Aminoglycosides in Aquatic Products by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry with Molecularly Imprinted Polymers Solid Phase Extraction / 分析化学

An ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (UPLC-MS/MS) method was developed for the determination of 11 kinds of aminoglycosides (AGs), including paromomycin, spectinomycin, tobramycin, gentamycin, kanamycin, hygromycin B, apramycin, streptomycin, dihydrostreptomycin,amikacin and neomycin in aquatic products. Samples were extracted by phosphate buffer solution, and purified on molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP) solid phase extraction column. After separated by Obelisc R chromatographic column, AGs were detected by UPLC-MS/MS. It showed a good linearity relationship in the AGs concentration range of 1.0-1000 ng/mL with the correlation coefficient R2>0.994. The limit of detection (LOD,S/N≥3) was ranged from 1.0 μg/kg to 10.0 μg/kg,and the limit of quantitation (LOQ,S/N≥10) was ranged from 2.0 μg/kg to 20.0 μg/kg. Besides, the average recoveries presented 78.4%-109.6% with the relative standard deviation (RSD, n=6) of 2.3%-14.9%. This method was successfully applied to the simultaneous determination of 11 kinds of AGs with high sensitivity in aquatic products.

Investigation on the establishment of health care institutions and the need for personnel capacity improvement in primary and secondary schools in Shanghai / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To investigate the establishment of health care institutions and the staffing primary and secondary school health care in Shanghai, and to understand the capacity building needs of health care personnel.@*Methods@#A survey was conducted on all primary and secondary schools in Shanghai from April to August in 2020. The content of the questionnaire covers the establishment of health care institutions, the staffing of school health care centers and the capacity building need of health care personnel. Chi square test was used to compare the difference of the health care institutions setting and staffing by schools and areas.@*Results@#In 2020, there were 1 847 primary and secondary schools in Shanghai (including branches schools). About 51.4% of primary and secondary schools in Shanghai were equipped with school health care personnel in the ratio of the number of students at least 600∶1 , and the staffing compliance rate of urban schools (59.3%) was higher than that of suburban schools (47.3%)( χ 2=24.27, P <0.01). All school health care personnel believed that there are currently few opportunities for capacity buliding services from health facilities.@*Conclusion@#School health care institutions in Shanghai are well equipped, but the staffing shortage is substantial, with strong need for capacity building.

Intravitreal injection of Lucentis combined with trabeculectomy and pan retinal photocoagulation for neovascular glaucoma / 实用医学杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of intravitreal injection of Lucentis combined with pan retinal photocoagulation and trabeculectomy for neovascular glaucoma(NVG). Methods Seventeen eyes of 15 patients with NVG were treated by 0.5 mg Lucentis intravitreal injection first. Trabeculectomy was performed 7 days later and Pan retinal photocoagulation 2 weeks later. Iris,anterior chamber angle neovascularization,intraocu?lar pressure ,and visual acuity were observed in the following 6 months. Results Iris and anterior chamber angle neovascularization were completely regressed 7 days after the injection in 17 eyes. Six months after photocoagulation, 6 eyes had different degrees of improvement in visual acuity,10 eyes no change in visual acuity and 1 eye decreased from anterior index to immediate manual. There was significant difference in pre?treatment IOP and postoperative IOP( t = 12.75 ,10.26 ,9.73 ,10.77 ,P < 0.01 ). No serious complications were observed after intravitreal injec?tion and trabeculectomy. Conclusions Intravitreal injection of Lucentis could significantly accelerate the regres?sion of iris and anterior chamber angle neovascularization ,which could improve the successful rate of trabeculecto?my and pan retinal photocoagulation. Intravitreal injection of Lucentis combined with trabeculectomy and panretinal photocoagulation is safe and effective for NVG.

Investigation of irregular antibodies in blood samples from donors in Shanghai area / 中国输血杂志

Objective With the purpose of further improving blood safety and providing the reference basis for a strategy suitable for large-scale routine screening of irregular antibodies in blood service,the irregular antibodies in blood samples from donors in Shanghai area were investigated.Method Irregular blood antibodies were screened in 824 072 blood donors through combined method of saline medium and microplate papain.Result 1 246 samples of blood donors were detected with irregular antibodies among the total 824 072 samples which indicate the positive rate of 1.51‰.Conclusion Screening of irregular antibodies in blood samples from donors can effectively reduce or avoid hemolytic transfusion reactions.The combined method of saline medium and microplate papain is an effective method for large-scale routine screening of irregular antibodies in blood service.

Development, reliability and validity evaluation of eye health related behaviors questionnaire for school age children / 预防医学

Objective To develop the eye health related behaviors questionnaire for school age children and to evaluate its reliability and validity.Methods The initial questionnaire was formulated by literature review,preliminary-work outcomes and expert consultation.Totally 288 students in 4-5 grades from a elementary school in Wenzhou were selected.Two-independent samples t-test,pearson correlation coefficient analysis,test of internal consistency and factor analysis were conducted to examine the reliability and validity.Results Eye health related behaviors questionnaire for school age children was consisted of 28 items and 3 dimensions.Exploratory factor analysis suggested that 7 factors accounted for 63.76％ of the accumulated variances.The questionnaire-level content validity index was 0.89.The Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.82,and the spilt-half reliability coefficient was 0.844.The test-retest reliability coefficient was 0.682.Conclusion Eye health related behaviors questionnaire for school age children has good reliability and validity,which could be applied to measure children's eye health related behaviors.

Screening of Chemical Drugs in Fishery Inputs by Ultrahigh Performance Liquid Chromatography-Orbitrap High Resolution Mass spectroscopy / 分析化学

To screen the illegal substances in fishery inputs,we established the database including the precursor and the daughter ions for these possible components by the quadrupole/orbit-trap mass spectrometer,and the retention time of each drug on the same chromatographic column.And then,the extracted and diluted samples were analyzed and the components in the real samples were identified under the same conditions.Chromatographic analysis was performed on an Accucore RP-MS column (100 mm × 2.1 mm,2.6 μm) using gradient elution with 0.1％ formic acid in water and 0.1％ formic acid in acetonitrile as mobile phase.Elutes were ionized through heatable electrospray ionization (HESI) in both positive and negative mode simultaneously.Data acquisition was conducted by Full-scan ddMS2 (TopN) mode,in which the full mass profile for a continuous precursor ion injection and the fragments of each high abundant precursor of targeted were acquired with excellent time and mass resolution.Screening was carried out through comparison of the information of real samples with that of standards in the database,which were processed by software (Tracefinder).The Quantification of each component was analyzed based on the precursor ion chromatography acquired by orbit-trap mass spectroscopy,which showed a good linearity between 0.01-1 μg/mL,with R＞0.98.The method was validated by checking its minimum screening concentration (0.5 mg/L for drugs and 5 mg/L for feedstuffs) and evaluating the recovery after addition of the standard mixture in real samples (＞50％,under the addition of 10 and 100 mg/kg).The results for 68 practical samples demonstrated the effective performance of this method for screening with high-throughput,rapidness and acceptable minimum screening concentration and accuracy,in which 15 of 29 fishery drug samples were screened out for positive components that were not indicated in their labels.

Surveillance on iodine nutritional status among target population in Shanghai / 上海预防医学

Objective To ascertain iodine nutritional status of pregnant women and children in Shanghai since the implementation of "Salt Iodine Content Standard" in 2011.Methods By population proportion probability sampling,30 sub-districts(towns) were chosen,with one primary school was randomly sampled in eachsub-districts(towns).And 50 students aged 8-10 in every school were randomly selected to test their urinary iodine and thyroid volume,and their household iodized salt concentration determined.And 20 pregnant women were selected to test their urinary iodine in each sub-districts(towns).Results The goiter rate of 8-10 aged children was 0.9%.The medians of urinary iodine concentration of 8-10 aged children and pregnant women were 171.40 μg/L and 126.53 μg/L,respectively.The consumption rates of qualified iodized salt were 72.52%.The median of iodine content concentration in salt was 24.8 mg/kg.Conclusion In Shanghai,the goiter rate of children was lower than that of the national standard.Iodine nutritional status of children was proper,but the pregnant women were deficient in iodine nutrition.Therefore,iodized salt concentration should be improved to the optimal level.Health education for pregnant women should be strengthened.