Analysis of the optic vessel density in early primary open angle glaucoma / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To investigate the difference of the optic vessel density in early primary open angle glaucoma(POAG), ocular high tension subjects and healthy subjects. <p>METHODS: A cross-sectional study. From January 2019 to April 2021, patients were selected in the Department of Glaucoma in Fuzhou Southeast Eye Hospital. There were 45 patients(70 eyes)of early POAG group, including 32 males(49 eyes)and 13 females(21 eyes)with age of 48.50(26.75, 64.50)years. There were 37 patients(65 eyes)of ocular high tension group, including 17 males(29 eyes)and 20 females(36 eyes)with age of 37.00(27.00, 47.00)years. There were 51 patients(94 eyes)of healthy group, including 23 males(39 eyes)and 28 females(55 eyes)with age of 46.00(34.50, 56.50)years. Ophthalmic examinations including best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA), intraocular pressure, central corneal thickness(CCT), mean deviations(MD), retinal nerve fiber layers thickness(RNFL)were measured in three groups. The center area, the inner circle area, the outer circle area, and the whole area of the optic vessel density in three groups were measured <i>via</i> optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA)device.<p>RESULTS: The difference of the intraocular pressure in early POAG group-ocular high tension group was not significant(<i>H</i>=146.876,<i>P</i><0.001), while significantly in early POAG group-healthy group and ocular high tension group-healthy group(all <i>P</i><0.01). Significant differences in BCVA, MD, and RNFL were observed in early POAG group-ocular high tension group(<i>P</i>=0.005, <i>P</i>=0.01, <i>P</i><0.01)and early POAG group-healthy group(<i>P</i>=0.013, <i>P</i><0.01, <i>P</i><0.01), while the difference was not found in ocular high tension group-healthy group(<i>P</i>=1.000, <i>P</i>=0.660, <i>P</i>=1.000). There was no difference of CCT in early POAG group-healthy group(<i>P</i>=0.074), and significant differences were observed in early POAG group-ocular high tension group and ocular high tension group-healthy group(<i>P</i>=0.006, <i>P</i><0.01). The optic vessel density comparison in the center area, the inner circle area, and the whole area were significantly different in early POAG group-ocular high tension group(all <i>P</i><0.01)and in early POAG group-healthy group(all <i>P</i><0.01), which indicated that the optic vessel density was obviously less in the early POAG group than the other two groups. The optic vessel density had no significant difference in ocular high tension group-healthy group in these areas(all <i>P</i>=1.000). In the outer circle area, there were no significant differences of the optic vessel density in early POAG group-ocular high tension group and early POAG group-healthy group(<i>P</i>=0.067, <i>P</i>=0.877), while significant difference was observed in early POAG group-healthy group(<i>P</i>=0.001).<p>CONCLUSION: The optic vessel density was decreased in early POAG comparing with ocular high tension subjects and healthy subjects, which was agree with the changes of MD, RNFL. The optic vessel density decreased firstly from the center area and the inner circle area for early POAG.

Progress on the role of synaptic cell adhesion molecules in stress / 生理学报

Synaptic cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are a type of membrane surface glycoproteins that mediate the structural and functional interactions between pre- and post-synaptic sites. Synaptic CAMs dynamically regulate synaptic activity and plasticity, and their expression and function are modulated by environmental factors. Synaptic CAMs are also important effector molecules of stress response, and mediate the adverse impact of stress on cognition and emotion. In this review, we will summarize the recent progress on the role of synaptic CAMs in stress, and aim to provide insight into the molecular mechanisms and drug development of stress-related disorders.

Downregulation of miR-4772-3p promotes enhanced regulatory T cell capacity in malignant pleural effusion by elevating Helios levels / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

Background@#Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is a complicated condition of patients with advanced tumors. Further dissecting the microenvironment of infiltrated immune cells and malignant cells are warranted to understand the immune-evasion mechanisms of tumor development and progression.@*Methods@#The possible involvement of microRNAs (miRNAs) in malignant pleural fluid was investigated using small RNA sequencing. Regulatory T cell (Treg) markers (CD4, CD25, forkhead box P3), and Helios (also known as IKAROS Family Zinc Finger 2 [IKZF2]) were detected using flow cytometry. The expression levels of IKZF2 and miR-4772-3p were measured using quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The interaction between miR-4772-3p and Helios was determined using dual-luciferase reporter assays. The effects of miR-4772-3p on Helios expression were evaluated using an in vitro system. Correlation assays between miR-4772-3p and functional molecules of Tregs were performed.@*Results@#Compared with non-malignant controls, patients with non-small cell lung cancer had an increased Tregs frequency with Helios expression in the MPE and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The verified downregulation of miR-4772-3p was inversely related to the Helios+ Tregs frequency and Helios expression in the MPE. Overexpression of miR-4772-3p could inhibit Helios expression in in vitro experiments. However, ectopic expression of Helios in induced Tregs reversed the effects induced by miR-4772-3p overexpression. Additionally, miR-4772-3p could regulate Helios expression by directly targeting IKZF2 mRNA.@*Conclusion@#Downregulation of miR-4772-3p, by targeting Helios, contributes to enhanced Tregs activities in the MPE microenvironment.

Downregulation of miR-4772-3p promotes enhanced regulatory T cell capacity in malignant pleural effusion by elevating Helios levels / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is a complicated condition of patients with advanced tumors. Further dissecting the microenvironment of infiltrated immune cells and malignant cells are warranted to understand the immune-evasion mechanisms of tumor development and progression.@*METHODS@#The possible involvement of microRNAs (miRNAs) in malignant pleural fluid was investigated using small RNA sequencing. Regulatory T cell (Treg) markers (CD4, CD25, forkhead box P3), and Helios (also known as IKAROS Family Zinc Finger 2 [IKZF2]) were detected using flow cytometry. The expression levels of IKZF2 and miR-4772-3p were measured using quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The interaction between miR-4772-3p and Helios was determined using dual-luciferase reporter assays. The effects of miR-4772-3p on Helios expression were evaluated using an in vitro system. Correlation assays between miR-4772-3p and functional molecules of Tregs were performed.@*RESULTS@#Compared with non-malignant controls, patients with non-small cell lung cancer had an increased Tregs frequency with Helios expression in the MPE and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The verified downregulation of miR-4772-3p was inversely related to the Helios Tregs frequency and Helios expression in the MPE. Overexpression of miR-4772-3p could inhibit Helios expression in in vitro experiments. However, ectopic expression of Helios in induced Tregs reversed the effects induced by miR-4772-3p overexpression. Additionally, miR-4772-3p could regulate Helios expression by directly targeting IKZF2 mRNA.@*CONCLUSION@#Downregulation of miR-4772-3p, by targeting Helios, contributes to enhanced Tregs activities in the MPE microenvironment.

Influenceofmicrokeratomeand femtosecond laser on vision and corneal flap thickness used in corneal flap making / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To study and compare the influence situation of corneal flap made by microkeratome and femtosecond laser for the vision and corneal flap thickness in patients. METHODS:Totally 120 patients(240 eyes) with myopic refractive surgery in our hospital from June 2014 to May 2015 were randomly divided into Group A (microkeratome group) with 60 cases (120 eyes) and Group B (femtosecond laser group) with 60 cases (120 eyes). Then the vision situation and corneal flap thickness indexes of two groups at different time after the treatment were compared. RESULTS:The vision situation between the two groups at different time after the treatment all had no significant differences (all P>0.05),while the corneal flap thickness related indexes of Group B at different time after the treatment were all better than those of Group A (all P<0 05). The evaluation indexes of two groups after the treatment all had significant differences (all P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The indexes of corneal flap made by femtosecond laser are better than those of microkeratome,and the influence of two methods for the vision is no obvious.

Changes in visual field and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness after Ex - press glaucoma shunt implantation / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM:To observe and analyze the change of visual field and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness of primary open-angle glaucoma ( POAG ) after the Ex-press glaucoma shunt implantation. ●METHODS:A total of 14 patients (24 eyes) with POAG were underwent Ex-press glaucoma shunt implantation. Visual acuity, intraocular pressure ( lOP ) , mean defect ( MD) , pattern standard deviation ( PSD ) , retinal nerve fiber layer thickness ( RNFLT ) , and corneal endothelial cell number were collected preoperatively. Visual acuity and lOP were collected in 1wk, 1 and 3mo postoperatively respectively. Also, MD, PSD, RNFLT, and corneal endothelial cell number were collected preoperatively and 3mo postoperatively respectively. Complication, the additional treatment, success rate were analyzed. ●RESULTS:There was no significant difference (P>0. 05) in visual acuity preoperative and postoperative 1wk, 1, 3mo. Visual acuity did not significantly reduce after operation. Compared with preoperative, there was significant decreased (P 0. 05 ) after postoperative 3mo. Corneal endothelial cell number decrease had significant difference (Z=-2. 585, P=0. 01) between preoperative and postoperative 3mo. Success rate: complete success: 79. 2% ( 19 eyes ); partial success:8. 3% (2 eyes);failure:12. 5% (3 eyes). ●CONCLUSION: Ex-press glaucoma shunt implantation could efficiently decrease the lOP in POAG patients. Although it results in reduction of RNFLT in short time. The visual acuity and visual field keep stable after operation. lt is a safe and effective device for treating primary open-angle glaucoma.