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The new progress of ground-based long-wave infrared remote sensing is presented, which describes the windowing spatial and temporal modulation Fourier spectroscopy imaging in details. The prototype forms the interference fringes based on the corner-cube of spatial modulation of Michelson interferometer, using cooled long-wave infrared photovoltaic staring FPA (focal plane array) detector. The LWIR hyperspectral imaging is achieved by the process of collection, reorganization, correction, apodization, FFT etc. from data cube. Noise equivalent spectral radiance (NESR), which is the sensitivity index of CHIPED-1 LWIR hyperspectral imaging prototype, can reach 5.6 x 10â»8 W · (cm⻹ · sr · cm²)⻹ at single sampling. The data is the same as commercial temporal modulation hyperspectral imaging spectrometer. It can prove the advantage of this technique. This technique still has space to be improved. For instance, spectral response range of CHIPED-1 LWIR hyperspectral imaging prototype can reach 11. 5 µm by testing the transmission curve of polypropylene film. In this article, choosing the results of outdoor high-rise and diethyl ether gas experiment as an example, the authors research on the detecting method of 2D distribution chemical gas VOC by infrared hyperspectral imaging. There is no observed diethyl ether gas from the infrared spectral slice of the same wave number in complicated background and low concentration. By doing the difference spectrum, the authors can see the space distribution of diethyl ether gas clearly. Hyperspectral imaging is used in the field of organic gas VOC infrared detection. Relative to wide band infrared imaging, it has some advantages. Such as, it has high sensitivity, the strong anti-interference ability, identify the variety, and so on.
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A relativistic analysis of acousto-optics is presented, and a rigorous coupled wave analysis is generalized for the diffraction of the acousto-optical effect. An acoustic wave generates a grating with temporally and spatially modulated permittivity, hindering direct applications of the rigorous coupled wave analysis for the acousto-optical effect. In a reference frame which moves with the acoustic wave, the grating is static, the medium moves, and the coupled wave equations for the static grating may be derived. Floquet's theorem is then applied to cast these equations into an eigenproblem. Using a Lorentz transformation, the electromagnetic fields in the grating region are transformed to the lab frame where the medium is at rest, and relativistic Doppler frequency shifts are introduced into various diffraction orders. In the lab frame, the boundary conditions are considered and the diffraction efficiencies of various orders are determined. This method is rigorous and general, and the plane waves in the resulting expansion satisfy the dispersion relation of the medium and are propagation modes. Properties of various Bragg diffractions are results, rather than preconditions, of this method. Simulations of an acousto-optical tunable filter made by paratellurite, TeO(2), are given as examples.
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Plant Extracts (PE) are natural substances extracted from plants, rich in various bioactive components. Exploring the molecular mechanisms and interactions involved in the vascular protective effects of PE is beneficial for the development of further strategies to protect aging blood vessels. For this review, the content was obtained from scientific databases such as PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Google Scholar up to July 2024, using the search terms "Plant extracts", "oxidative stress", "vascular aging", "endothelial dysfunction", "ROS", and "inflammation". This review highlighted the effects of PE in protecting aging blood vessels. Through pathways such as scavenging reactive oxygen species, activating antioxidant signaling pathways, enhancing respiratory chain complex activity, inhibiting mitochondrial-reactive oxygen species generation, improving nitric oxide bioavailability, downregulating the secretion of inflammatory factors, and activating sirtuins 1 and Nrf2 signaling pathways, it can improve vascular structural and functional changes caused by age-related oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammation due to aging, thereby reducing the incidence of age-related cardiovascular diseases.
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Envelhecimento , Antioxidantes , Vasos Sanguíneos , Estresse Oxidativo , Extratos Vegetais , Transdução de Sinais , Humanos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Envelhecimento/efeitos dos fármacos , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Vasos Sanguíneos/efeitos dos fármacos , Vasos Sanguíneos/metabolismo , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Animais , Inflamação/prevenção & controle , Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Mitocôndrias/efeitos dos fármacos , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , Fator 2 Relacionado a NF-E2/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismoRESUMO
High-energy X-ray diffraction methods can non-destructively map the 3D microstructure and associated attributes of metallic polycrystalline engineering materials in their bulk form. These methods are often combined with external stimuli such as thermo-mechanical loading to take snapshots of the evolving microstructure and attributes over time. However, the extreme data volumes and the high costs of traditional data acquisition and reduction approaches pose a barrier to quickly extracting actionable insights and improving the temporal resolution of these snapshots. This article presents a fully automated technique capable of rapidly detecting the onset of plasticity in high-energy X-ray microscopy data. The technique is computationally faster by at least 50 times than the traditional approaches and works for data sets that are up to nine times sparser than a full data set. This new technique leverages self-supervised image representation learning and clustering to transform massive data sets into compact, semantic-rich representations of visually salient characteristics (e.g. peak shapes). These characteristics can rapidly indicate anomalous events, such as changes in diffraction peak shapes. It is anticipated that this technique will provide just-in-time actionable information to drive smarter experiments that effectively deploy multi-modal X-ray diffraction methods spanning many decades of length scales.
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During industrial operations and in confined places, carbon monoxide (CO) may collect in harmful proportions if ventilation is insufficient or appliances are not properly maintained. When the concentration of CO is too high, it might result in suffocation, coma, or even death. The detection of tiny concentrations of CO plays an important role in safe production. Due to the selective absorption of specific wavelengths of light by gas molecules, lasers have a wide range of applications in the field of gas detection. In this paper, a tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) system for CO detection was constructed using an interband cascaded laser (ICL) with a central wavelength of 4.625 µm. The modulated signal generated by the FPGA module was output to the laser controller to modulate the laser. The signal received by the detector was input to the FPGA module. After lock-in amplification, the second harmonic signal of high frequency modulation was output. Several concentrations of CO that were dispersed via static gas distribution were identified. A CO detection system with an open optical path was constructed, and the detection distance was about 8 m. The minimum detectable concentration is around 10.32 ppmm. The concentration of CO in the open optical path was 510.6 ppmm, according to the calibration of the detected concentration. The remote detection system based on TDLAS using an ICL can be used to monitor CO in the open optical path.
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Monóxido de Carbono , Lasers Semicondutores , Calibragem , Análise EspectralRESUMO
BACKGROUND: During regional anesthesia, including combined spinal and epidural anesthesia (CSEA), patients may develop a perceptual alteration of limb position known as phantom limb syndrome (PLS). We aimed to identify factors that influence the PLS onset, to explore whether PLS predisposes to other postoperative symptoms, and to document the relationship between PLS and sensorimotor impairment during recovery. METHODS: Psychological questionnaires for anxiety and depression were completed beforehand, then multimodal tests of sensory and motor function, especially tests of proprioception, were performed regularly afterward. Two hundred participants undergoing elective gynecological surgery under CSEA reported their experiences of PLS and other symptoms using Likert rating scales. RESULTS: Prolonged preoperative fasting (odds ratio (OR) 2.34; 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.21-4.52), and surgical history (OR 2.56; 95% CI 1.16-5.62) predisposed to PLS, but patients with more extensive anesthetic histories may be at lower risk (OR 0.57; 95% CI 0.31-1.08). Furthermore, significant correlations were observed between the recovery from PLS and the perception of joint movement within the deafferented area (Râ=â0.82, Pâ<â.01) and motor functions (Râ=â0.68). PLS increases the chance of experiencing postoperative fatigue, physical discomfort, and emotional upset. CONCLUSION: This study is the first to have identified the risk factors for PLS, assessed the relationship between PLS and postoperative sensorimotor impairment, and its influence on postoperative complications.
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Anestesia Epidural/efeitos adversos , Raquianestesia/efeitos adversos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Eletivos/métodos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos em Ginecologia/métodos , Membro Fantasma/induzido quimicamente , Adulto , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Eletivos/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos em Ginecologia/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Masculino , Saúde Mental , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Membro Fantasma/psicologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: We sought to evaluate the safety, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness of intraoperative blood salvage (IBS) in off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCABG) surgery with different amount of bleeding. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 321 patients who underwent OPCABG between December 2012 and December 2016 at our hospital. Patients treated with IBS or allogeneic blood (AB) transfusions were divided into three groups depending on the amount of bleeding respectively: IBS1 or AB1 group (400-600 ml); IBS2 or AB2 group (600-1000 ml); IBS3 or AB3 group (1000-1500 ml). The intraoperative and postoperative conditions, blood transfusion volume, clinical and hematological outcomes, and total blood transfusion cost were examined. RESULTS: The amount of allogeneic red blood cell (RBC) transfusion in the IBSs groups were significantly lower than that in the ABs groups (P < 0.01). Furthermore, drainage volume 24 h post-surgery (P < 0.05) and white blood cell count (WBC) 2 day post-surgery (P < 0.01) in IBS3 group were significantly higher compared with the AB3 group. Additionally, when IBS cost was 230 USD per set, the total blood transfusion cost in the IBSs groups was significantly higher than that in the ABs groups (P < 0.01); however, when 199 or 184 USD, only the IBS1 group, rather than IBS2 or IBS3, showed significantly higher cost of the total blood transfusion compared with the AB1 group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: When the amount of bleeding was 600-1000 ml, IBS can significantly reduce the demand for allogeneic blood, and has no direct adverse effects on coagulation function and recuperation, and is cost-effective in OPCABG.
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Perda Sanguínea Cirúrgica , Ponte de Artéria Coronária sem Circulação Extracorpórea/métodos , Custos de Cuidados de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Recuperação de Sangue Operatório/métodos , Idoso , Transfusão de Sangue/economia , China , Ponte de Artéria Coronária sem Circulação Extracorpórea/economia , Análise Custo-Benefício , Transfusão de Eritrócitos/economia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Recuperação de Sangue Operatório/efeitos adversos , Recuperação de Sangue Operatório/economia , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
ZnO nanoparticles and graphene oxide (GO) thin film were deposited on gold interdigital electrodes (IDEs) in sequence via simple spraying process, which was further restored to ZnO/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) bilayer thin film by the thermal reduction treatment and employed for ammonia (NH3) detection at room temperature. rGO was identified by UV-vis absorption spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectroscope (XPS) analyses, and the adhesion between ZnO nanoparticles and rGO nanosheets might also be formed. The NH3-sensing performances of pure rGO film and ZnO/rGO bilayer films with different sprayed GO amounts were compared. The results showed that ZnO/rGO film sensors exhibited enhanced response properties, and the optimal GO amount of 1.5 ml was achieved. Furthermore, the optimal ZnO/rGO film sensor showed an excellent reversibility and fast response/recovery rate within the detection range of 10-50 ppm. Meanwhile, the sensor also displayed good repeatability and selectivity to NH3. However, the interference of water molecules on the prepared sensor is non-ignorable; some techniques should be researched to eliminate the effect of moisture in the further work. The remarkably enhanced NH3-sensing characteristics were speculated to be attributed to both the supporting role of ZnO nanoparticles film and accumulation heterojunction at the interface between ZnO and rGO. Thus, the proposed ZnO/rGO bilayer thin film sensor might give a promise for high-performance NH3-sensing applications.