RESUMO
Behçet uveitis poses significant management challenges, owing to its intricate pathogenesis and the severe prognosis it harbors, frequently culminating in irreversible visual impairment and an elevated risk of blindness. This review synthesizes contemporary insights into personalized immunosuppressive strategies for Behçet uveitis, emphasizing the necessity for a customized approach in recognition of the disease's heterogeneity and the variable responsiveness to treatment. This discourse elaborates on the application, efficacy, and safety profiles of traditional immunosuppressants, highlighting a paradigm shift toward integrative combination therapies aimed at diminishing reliance on glucocorticoids and mitigating their associated adverse effects. This thorough evaluation seeks to enlighten clinical practices and spearhead future investigations aimed at refining the management of Behçet uveitis, championing a personalized, multidisciplinary strategy to amplify therapeutic efficacy and enhance patient quality of life.
Assuntos
Síndrome de Behçet , Imunossupressores , Uveíte , Humanos , Síndrome de Behçet/tratamento farmacológico , Síndrome de Behçet/terapia , Síndrome de Behçet/imunologia , Uveíte/imunologia , Uveíte/tratamento farmacológico , Uveíte/terapia , Imunossupressores/uso terapêutico , Medicina de Precisão/métodos , Qualidade de VidaRESUMO
BACKGROUND Myopia results when light rays focus before reaching the retina, causing blurred vision. High myopia (HM), defined by a refractive error of ≤-6 diopters (D) or an axial length of ≥26 mm, is an extreme form of this condition. The progression from HM to pathological myopia (PM) is marked by extensive ocular axis elongation. The rise in myopia has escalated concerns for HM due to its potential progression to pathological myopia. The covert progression of HM calls for thorough analysis of its current research landscape. MATERIAL AND METHODS HM-related publications from 2003-2022 were retrieved from the Web of Science database. Using VOSviewer and Citespace software, we conducted a bibliometric and visualized analysis to create document co-citation network maps. These maps detailed authors, institutions, countries, key terms, and significant literature. RESULTS From 9,079 articles, 8,241 were reviewed. An increasing trend in publications was observed, with Kyoko Ohno-Matsui identified as a top contributor. The Journal of Cataract and Refractive Surgery was the primary publication outlet. Chinese researchers and institutions were notably active. The document citation network identified five focal areas: refractive surgery, clinical manifestations/treatment, prevention/control, genetics, and open angle glaucoma. CONCLUSIONS Research emphasis in HM has shifted from refractive surgery for visual acuity enhancement to the diagnosis, classification, prevention, and control of HM complications. Proposals for early myopia intervention to prevent HM are gaining attention. Genetics and HM's link with open angle glaucoma, though smaller in focus, significantly enhance our understanding of HM.
Assuntos
Catarata , Glaucoma de Ângulo Aberto , Miopia Degenerativa , Humanos , Miopia Degenerativa/complicações , Miopia Degenerativa/diagnóstico , Glaucoma de Ângulo Aberto/complicações , Retina , Transtornos da VisãoRESUMO
Macrophages form a crucial component of the innate immune system, and their activation is indispensable for various aspects of immune and inflammatory processes, tissue repair, and maintenance of the balance of the body's state. Macrophages are found in all ocular tissues, spanning from the front surface, including the cornea, to the posterior pole, represented by the choroid/sclera. The neural retina is also populated by specialised resident macrophages called microglia. The plasticity of microglia/macrophages allows them to adopt different activation states in response to changes in the tissue microenvironment. When exposed to various factors, microglia/macrophages polarise into distinct phenotypes, each exhibiting unique characteristics and roles. Furthermore, extensive research has indicated a close association between microglia/macrophage polarisation and the development and reversal of various intraocular diseases. The present article provides a review of the recent findings on the association between microglia/macrophage polarisation and ocular pathological processes (including autoimmune uveitis, optic neuritis, sympathetic ophthalmia, retinitis pigmentosa, glaucoma, proliferative vitreoretinopathy, subretinal fibrosis, uveal melanoma, ischaemic optic neuropathy, retinopathy of prematurity and choroidal neovascularization). The paradoxical role of microglia/macrophage polarisation in retinopathy of prematurity is also discussed. Several studies have shown that microglia/macrophages are involved in the pathology of ocular diseases. However, it is required to further explore the relevant mechanisms and regulatory processes. The relationship between the functional diversity displayed by microglia/macrophage polarisation and intraocular diseases may provide a new direction for the treatment of intraocular diseases.
Assuntos
Microglia , Retinopatia da Prematuridade , Recém-Nascido , Humanos , Microglia/patologia , Retinopatia da Prematuridade/patologia , Retina/patologia , Macrófagos , FenótipoRESUMO
DNA-based molecular amplifiers offer significant promise for molecular-level disease diagnosis and treatment, yet tailoring their activation for precise timing and localization remains a challenge. Herein, we've pioneered a dual activation strategy harnessing external light and internal ATP to create a highly controlled DNA logic amplifier (FDLA) for accurate miRNA monitoring in cancer cells. The FDLA was constructed by tethered the two functionalized catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) hairpin modules (ATP aptamer sealed hairpin aH1 and photocleavable (PC-linker) sites modified hairpin pH2) to DNA tetrahedron (DTN). The FDLA system incorporates ATP aptamers and PC-linkers as logic control units, allowing them to respond to both exogenous UV light and endogenous ATP present within cancer cells. This response triggers the release of CHA hairpin modules, enabling amplified FRET miRNA imaging through an AND-AND gate. The DTN structure could improve the stability of FDLA and accelerate the kinetics of the strand displacement reaction. It is noteworthy that the UV and ATP co-gated DNA circuit can control the DNA bio-computing at specific time and location, offering spatial and temporal capabilities that can be harnessed for miRNA imaging. Furthermore, the miRNA-sensing FDLA amplifier demonstrates reliable imaging of intracellular miRNA with minimal background noise and false-positive signals. This highlights the feasibility of utilizing both exogenous and endogenous regulatory strategies to achieve spatial and temporal control of DNA molecular circuits within living cancer cells. Such advancements hold immense potential for unraveling the correlation between miRNA and associated diseases.
Assuntos
Trifosfato de Adenosina , Aptâmeros de Nucleotídeos , Técnicas Biossensoriais , DNA , MicroRNAs , MicroRNAs/análise , Humanos , Técnicas Biossensoriais/métodos , Trifosfato de Adenosina/análise , Aptâmeros de Nucleotídeos/química , DNA/química , DNA/genética , Transferência Ressonante de Energia de Fluorescência/métodos , Raios UltravioletaRESUMO
Most patients with myopia have dry eye, which has been shown to adversely affect ocular symptoms, myopia progression, and quality of life in patients with myopia. Needle prickling has been shown to be effective in providing symptom relief in patients with myopia and dry eye. Press needle is a long-lasting, easy-to-operate, and inexpensive traditional Chinese medicine treatment. The standard practice of needle insertion is very important for the treatment of myopia and dry eye. The specific steps include selecting the appropriate acupoints, piercing them with appropriate needles, and fixing them in the skin or subcutaneously at the acupoints, burying them for 2 days, resting for 1 day; the course of treatment lasts for 2 weeks. Specifically, the following indicators were assessed: uncorrected visual acuity and the ocular surface disease index. This article will explain how to standardize the operation of a press needle in the treatment of myopia and dry eye.
Assuntos
Terapia por Acupuntura , Síndromes do Olho Seco , Medicina Tradicional Chinesa , Miopia , Humanos , Síndromes do Olho Seco/terapia , Miopia/terapia , Medicina Tradicional Chinesa/métodos , Terapia por Acupuntura/métodos , Terapia por Acupuntura/instrumentação , AgulhasRESUMO
Glycolysis-dominant metabolic pathway in cancer cells can promote their therapeutic resistance against radiotherapy (RT). Carbon monoxide (CO) as a glycolysis inhibitor can enhance the efficiency of RT. Herein, an X-ray responsive CO-releasing nanocomposite (HA@AuNC@CO) based on strong host-guest interactions between the radiosensitizer and CO donor for enhanced RT is developed. The encapsulated gold nanoclusters (CD-AuNCs) can effectively generate cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) under X-ray radiation, which not only directly inactivate cancer cells but also induce in situ CO gas generation from adamantane modified metal carbonyl (Ada-CO) for glycolysis inhibition. Both in vitro and in vivo results demonstrate that HA@AuNC@CO exhibits active targeting toward CD44 overexpressed cancer cells, along with excellent inhibition of glycolysis and efficient RT against cancer. This study offers a new strategy for the combination of gas therapy and RT in tumor treatment.