Detection of embryonic stem cell lysate biomarkers by surface plasmon resonance with reduced nonspecific adsorption.

Surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi) has emerged as a versatile biosensor to detect a wide range of biomolecular interactions with divergent potential applications. However, the use of this advanced-level technology for stem cell lysate study is still not much explored. Cell lysates are significant biological analytes used for disease diagnostics and proteomic studies, but their complex nature limits their use as an analyte for SPRi biosensors. Here, we review the problems associated with the use of SPRi for stem cell lysate study and examine the role of surface chemistry, running buffer, and blocking solution in order to minimize nonspecific adsorption (NSA). We detect the expression of Oct4, Sox2, Nanog, Rex1, and Lin28 biomarkers present in mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC) lysate against their corresponding antibodies immobilized on the sensor surface with reduced NSA. The current study shows that the conjunction of SPRi and microarray can be used as a label-free, high-throughput, and rapid technique for detection of biomarkers and their relative abundance in stem cell lysate study.

X-ray-induced apoptosis of BEL-7402 cell line enhanced by extremely low frequency electromagnetic field in vitro.

This study was designed to test whether extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) could enhance the apoptosis-induction effect of X-ray radiotherapy on liver cancer cell line BEL-7402 in vitro. EMF exposure was performed inside an energized solenoid coil. X-ray irradiation was performed using a linear accelerator. Apoptosis rates of BEL-7402 cells were analyzed using Annexin V-Fit Apoptosis Detection kit. Apoptosis rates of EMF group and sham EMF group were compared when combined with X-ray irradiation. Our results suggested that the apoptosis rate of BEL-7402 cells exposed to low doses of X-ray irradiation could be significantly increased by EMF. More EMF exposures obtain significantly higher apoptosis rates than fewer EMF exposures when combined with 2 Gy X-ray irradiation. These findings suggested that ELF-EMF could augment the cell apoptosis effects of low doses of X-ray irradiation on BEL-7402 cells in a synergistic and cumulative way.

FBX8 degrades GSTP1 through ubiquitination to suppress colorectal cancer progression.

F-box only protein 8 (FBX8), as a critical component of the SKP1-CUL1-F-box (SCF) E3 ubiquitin ligases, has been associated with several malignancies through interacting with a member of proteins. However, the substrates of FBX8 for destruction in the progression of colorectal carcinoma (CRC) need to be explored. Here, we show that loss of FBX8 accelerates chemical-induced colon tumorigenesis. FBX8 directly targets GSTP1 for ubiquitin-mediated proteasome degradation in CRC. GSTP1 promotes the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of CRC cells. Furthermore, GSTP1 is upregulated in CRC tissue samples and predicts poor prognosis of CRC patients. The inactivation of FBX8 negatively correlated with increased levels and stability of GSTP1 in clinical CRC tissues and FBX8 knockout transgenic mice. These findings identify a novel ubiquitination pathway as FBX8-GSTP1 axis that regulates the progression of CRC, which might be a potential prognostic biomarker for CRC patients.

Effect of Medicinal and Edible Herbs in Colorectal Cancer Patients During Chemotherapy / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Malignant tumors are a major health problem in current society. With the improvement of people's living standards and the changes in diet structure， the development trend of gastrointestinal tumors in China is gradually similar to that in developed countries. The incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer （CRC） remain high in China. Although targeted therapy and immunotherapy have greatly improved the prognosis of patients in recent years， chemotherapy is still the main means in clinical practice. However， the adverse reactions of chemotherapy often seriously affect the quality of life of patients， and even lead to treatment interruption， thereby affecting the efficacy. Oral Chinese medicine shows unique advantages in enhancing efficiency and reducing toxicity in CRC patients during chemotherapy， but its poor drug experience not only makes it difficult for patients to take it consistently but also affects the popularization of Chinese medicine at this stage. Medicinal and edible herbs （MEHs） are an important part of Chinese medicine and they are mild， delicious， convenient， affordable， nutritious， and safe. Therefore， they may be more suitable for patients with CRC chemotherapy to adhere to treatment. However， their efficacy is often criticized by clinical practitioners. They are only used in the food and health products industry， and their role as Chinese medicines has not been fully utilized. This paper summarized the common traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndromes and treatment methods during CRC chemotherapy， sorted out the nature， flavor， meridian tropism， and efficacy of MEHs， and reviewed the modern pharmacological research results of MEHs by the method of literature statistics. This study finds that the nature， flavor， meridian tropism， and efficacy of MEHs are in good agreement with the common TCM syndromes and treatment methods during CRC chemotherapy. Moreover， many MEHs have the effects of resisting CRC and alleviating the adverse reactions of chemotherapy. Furthermore， the effectiveness and superior efficacy of MEHs in CRC chemotherapy are initially demonstrated from the theoretical level， but high-quality clinical evidence is still needed to support it. The present study discussed the efficiency-enhancing and toxicity-reducing effects and application advantages of MEHs in CRC patients during chemotherapy to provide references for the clinical promotion of MEHs.

Clinical characteristics of patients with malignant tumors and immune checkpoint inhibitors related multisystem adverse events as well as therapeutic efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors: a retrospective study / 肿瘤研究与临床

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with malignant tumors and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) related multisystem adverse events as well as therapeutic efficacy of ICI.Methods:The general data, immune-related adverse events (irAE) type, onset time, severity and ICI efficacy of patients with malignant tumors who developed irAE after receiving ICI in China-Japan Friendship Hospital between January 2019 and November 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were divided into multisystem irAE group and single system irAE group according to whether patients with more than 1 organ or system developed irAE for once. The occurrence of irAE was summarized, and the clinical characteristics of patients were compared. Progression-free survival analysis was not performed owing to the pause of immunotherapy caused by some irAE, so the efficacy of ICI was evaluated by using ICI treatment duration (TD).Results:A total of 47 patients with malignant tumors and irAE were included in this study, with 70 times of irAE in total. The median onset time was 90 d (35 d, 196 d). Among them, 12 patients (25.53%) developed multisystem irAE (32 times of irAE in total); the other 35 patients (74.47%) developed single system irAE (38 times of irAE in total). Cutaneous toxicity for 7 times, thyroid toxicity for 7 times and pulmonary toxicity for 5 times were the most frequent among multisystem irAE group; pulmonary toxicity for 13 times, thyroid toxicity for 12 times and cutaneous toxicity for 5 times were the most frequent among single system irAE group. There were no statistically significant differences in the proportion of patients stratified by age, gender, the combination of other treatments and different body mass between the two groups (all P > 0.05). The median follow-up time was 20 months (9-40 months). The median TD of ICI was 16.00 months (95% CI 3.62-31.22 months) in multisystem irAE group and 4.60 months (95% CI 4.12-11.30 months) in single system irAE group; TD in multisystem irAE group was longer than that in single system irAE group, and the difference was statistically significant ( HR = 0.413, 95% CI 0.202-0.844, P = 0.038). Conclusions:The efficacy of ICI in patients with malignant tumors and multisystem irAE is better than that in those with single system irAE. It suggests that the better efficacy of ICI may be associated with greater risk of irAE. There is no significant difference in the clinical features between multisystem irAE and single system irAE.

A Randomized Controlled Study to Observe the Efficacy of External Treatment With a Traditional Chinese Medicine Herbal Ointment on Malignant Plural Effusion: Outcome Report and Design Review.

BACKGROUND: Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is a common complication in most malignancies. Despite its frequent occurrence, current knowledge of MPE remains limited and the effect of the management is still unsatisfying. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) external treatment has unique advantages, such as quicker efficacy and fewer side effects. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects and safety of Kang'ai Xiaoshui ointment (TCM herbal ointment) in MPE. DESIGN: This was a placebo-controlled double-blinded randomized study. A total of 80 patients were enrolled, of which 72 were randomized to receive Kang'ai Xiaoshui ointment or placebo at an allocation ratio of 1:1. Kang'ai Xiaoshui ointment or placebo was applied on the thorax wall for 8 hours daily. The intervention lasted 2 weeks. Kang'ai Xiaoshui ointment consisted of Astragalus membranaces （）, Semen pharbitidis （）, Cassia twig （）, Pericarpium arecae （）, Curcuma zedoary （）, Borneol （), and other substances. In both groups, diuresis and drainages were used as needed. Outcomes covered the quantity of pleural effusion evaluation, TCM Symptom Scale, Karnofsky Performance Scale, and safety indicators such as routine blood test, blood biochemistry test, and response table of skin irritation. RESULTS: Of 72 patients randomized to receive Kang'ai Xiaoshui ointment or placebo along with symptomatic treatment, the response rate was documented as 42.4% for the treatment group and 25.0% for the placebo group ( P = .138). As for the TCM symptom scale, the treatment group showed improvement in chest distress ( P = .003), fullness and distention ( P = .042), shortness of breath ( P < .001), no statistical significance in palpitation ( P = .237), and pain ( P = .063), whereas the placebo group did not show statistical significance in any of the 5 symptoms. Major adverse events related to the treatment, mainly skin irritation, were distributed equally. CONCLUSIONS: Kang'ai Xiaoshui ointment showed a potential of reducing MPE, and it could alleviate symptoms of dyspnea. Thus, it may be appropriate as a supplementary intervention for MPE. There were some flaws in the study design. A larger scale and better designed trial is advocated.

Culture and identification of tumor stem cells from surgically resected colorectal cancer tissues / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To obtain cancer stem cells (CSCs) from surgically resected colorectal cancer specimens and identify their stem cell characteristics.@*METHODS@#Colorectal cancer tissue specimen obtained from a patient undergoing radical resection of colorectal cancer were implanted in nude mice, and the xenograft was harvested 1 month later to obtain purified tumor cells by enzyme digestion and adherent culture. The CSCs were screened by limiting dilution method and serum-free culture to identify their phenotypes. Soft agar colony assay was used to assess the proliferative ability of the CSCs and human colorectal cancer cell line SW480. The tumorigenic ability of the isolated CSCs and SW480 cells was evaluated by observing their subcutaneous tumor formation in nude mice. Western blotting and immunofluorescence assay were used to detect the immunophenotype of the CSCs and SW480 cells.@*RESULTS@#The primary cultured CSCs from clinical specimens of colorectal cancer underwent differentiation in the presence of serum in the culture. Soft agar colony formation assay showed that the CSCs had a colony formation rate above 50%, significantly higher than the rate of colorectal cancer SW480 cells (4.41%; < 0.01). In nude mice, subcutaneous injection of 500 CSCs was sufficient to result in subcutaneous tumor formation, while the injection of 500 SW480 cells failed to form any subcutaneous tumors. The CSCs expressed CD133 and CD44 but not CK7, while SW480 cells expressed CK7 but not CD133 or CD44.@*CONCLUSIONS@#CSCs can be derived by primary culture of cancer cells obtained from surgically resected colorectal cancer tissue followed by serum-free culture, and the CSCs obtained have self-renewal and differentiation abilities.

Application of deferred stent implantation in patients with high thrombus burden of acute ST-segment ele-vation myocardial infarction / 实用医学杂志

Objective To study the value of deferred stent implantation in patients with high thrombus burden of acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Methods Select 106 cases with a high thrombus burden within 12 hours of onset in patients with STEMI ,the infarct-related artery thrombus aspiration after antegrade flow of TIMI 2-3 and≤2 points of the thrombus aspiration(TS)patients were randomly divided into immediate stenting group(n = 43)and deferred stenting group(n = 40). Two groups of patients were compared with the myocardial blush grade(MBG),the incidence of slow-/no-reflow ,the incidence of compound endpoints in 6 months and the cardiac function after PCI for 6 months. Results After stenting,the MBG of deferred group was significantly higher than that of immediate group ,the incidence of slow-/no-reflow and the compound endpoints events within 6 months in deferred group was significantly lower than that in the immediate group. After PCI for 6 months,the improvement of LVEF in the deferred group was significantly higher than that in the immediate group, the left ventricular end diastolic dimension(LVEDD)in deferred group was significantly lower than that in immedi-ate group,and the differences were statistically significant(P < 0.05). Conclusions The high thrombus burden in patients with acute STEMI after thrombus aspiration ,deferred stent implantation can significantly reduce the rate of slow-/no-reflow ,improve myocardial perfusion ,reduce the incidence of compound endpoints events ,im-prove cardiac function in patients.

Clinicopathologic characteristics of intra-abdominal EIMS and review of the literature / 临床与实验病理学杂志

Purpose To explore the clinicopathologic characteristics, immunophenotype, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, molecu-lar genetic feature, treatments and prognosis of intra-abdominal EIMS. Methods Two cases of intra-abdominal EIMS were studied with clinical manifestations, histology and immunohistochemical staining, and its clinical and pathological findings were further ana-lyzed with review of the literature. Results Case 1 was a 15-year-olds male and case 2 was a 21-year-olds female both of whom pres-ented with abdominal pain. Two patients were treated by surgical excision. Microscopically the tumor consisted of two different histolog-ical types, one of which was of high cell density and the other with low cell density and myxoid stroma. Both of these areas contained inflammatory cells, mainly neutrophils with few lymphocytes and plasmocytes. Tumor cells had an epithelioid phenotype with round nu-clei and small nucleoli, various nuclear atypia and mitotic figures were also found, which consistented with the diagnosis of epithelioid inflammatory myofibroblastic sarcoma. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the tumor cells were positive for ALK, vimentin, desmin, and CK(AE1/AE3) (focal), and were negative for Calretinin, CD30, CD31, CD33, SMA, HHF35, Myogenin, S-100, HMB-45, CD20, CD79a, CD3, CD5, CD45 and CD68. ALK rearrangement was identified in both cases by FISH using ALK break-a-part probe. Conclusions As an extremely rare tumor, the distinguishing between epithelioid inflammatory myofibroblastic sarcoma and conventional inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor is important. ALK inhibitors are theoretically useful for treating these tumors.

A primary study of the relationship between apparent diffusion coefficient value of rectal adenocarcinoma on DWI and its pathological grading / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To investigate the relationship between apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC)value of rectal adenocarcinoma on DWI and its pathological grading.Methods The ADC values of 46 rectal adenocarcinomas were measured and compared with their histopathological grades.Results The 46 rectal adenocarcinomas included well differentiated adenocarcinomas in 14,moderate-ly differentiated ones in 20,and poorly differentiated ones in 12.The ADC values of well,moderately and poorly differentiated ade-nocarcinomas were (1.125±0.103)×10 -3 mm2/s,(1.030±0.098)×10 -3 mm2/s and (0.922±0.091)×10 -3 mm2/s,respective-ly,exhibiting a statistical difference (χ2 =1 7.35 1,P =0.000).Mann-Whitney U test showed that difference in ADC value between different histopathological grades was statistically significant.Conclusion ADC value of rectal adenocarcinoma can be used as a bio-marker for cell grading to guide treatment decision and prognosis assessment.

Dose-dependent effect of aprotinin on aggravated pro-inflammatory cytokines in patients with pulmonary hypertension following cardiopulmonary bypass.

BACKGROUND: To investigate the dose dependent effect of aprotinin on aggravated pro-inflammatory cytokines in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). METHODS: Thirty-two patients with pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) above 60 mmHg were recruited. They were assigned randomly to control (Group A, n = 8), and treated groups (Group B with aprotinin = 0.5 x 10(5) KIU/Kg, and Group C with aprotinin = 1.0 x 10(5) KIU/Kg, n = 12 each group). Blood samples were collected at various intervals of time and analyzed, from "0" hour (before CPB as baseline), at the completion of CPB, 4 hours and 24 hours after CPB, to measure the concentrations of interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta), interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). RESULTS: All the biomarkers significantly increased after CPB. There was no significant difference in cytokine levels between Group A and group B after CPB. But IL-1beta, IL-8 and TNF-alpha of Group C were not only significantly lower than Group A (p < 0.05), but also lower than Group B at various time points after CPB (p < 0.05). IL-10 of group C was significantly higher than Group A and Group B after CPB (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: High dose aprotinin can suppress the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1beta, IL-8 and TNF-alpha, and enhance the release of IL-10 in patients with PH after CPB. For patients having PH, there exists a simple and potential way to reduce the inflammatory response by applying high dose aprotinin.

Effect of Pingfei Oral Liquid on the Distribution of Mast Cells and Expression of IL-6 in Radiation Pneumonia Rats / 中药新药与临床药理

Objective To investigate the effect of Pingfei Oral Liquid (POL) on the distribution of mast cells (MCs) and the expression of interleukin 6 (IL-6) in the lung tissue of radiation pneumonia rats. MethodsForty-five SD rats were randomized into 3 groups : normal control,model group and POL group. The rat model of radiation lung fibro-sis was set up by a single X-ray dose of 20Gy irradiation over the whole chest of the rats. POL (20 g·kg-1·d-1,once a day, five times a week) was given orally one week before irradiation and the treatment lasted 5 weeks. MCs in the lung tissue were stained with toluidine blue firstly and then were counted 2, 4 and 8 weeks after irradiation. IL-6 protein expression of lung tissue was measured by immunohistochemical assay 8 weeks after irradiation, and mRNA ex-pression was determined with RT-PCR 4 weeks after irradiation. ResultsIt's showed the aggregation of large amount of pulmonary mast cells and increase of IL-6 protein expression 8 weeks after irradiation (P < 0.01).IL-6 mRNA expression in the irradiated lung of rats increased 4 weeks after irradiation (P < 0. 01). POL could reduce the aggrega- tion of MCs (P < 0. 01) and the expression of IL-6 protein (P < 0. 01) and mRNA (P < 0. 05) in the lung tissue. ConclusionPOL can prevent radiation pneumonia in rats by reducing the aggregation of mast cells and inhibiting IL-6 expression in the lung tissue.

Effects of PIAS3 knocking down on the proliferation and apoptosis of prostate carcinoma cell in vitro / 基础医学与临床

Objective To study the effects of PIAS3 knocking down on the proliferation,cell cycle and apoptosis of human prostate cancer cell line DU145 in vitro.Methods PIAS3 specific short hairpin RNA(shRNA) expressing plasmid was constructed and named pSilencer4.1/PIAS3.DU145 cells were transfected with pSilencer4.1/PIAS3.The proliferation of DU145 cells was analyzed by MTT assay.Cell cycle and apoptosis of DU145 cells were analyzed by flowcytometry.Results PIAS3 shRNA expressing plasmid was succefully constructed and then confirmed by sequencing.Expression of PIAS3 in DU145 was significantly reduced after pSilencer4.1/PIAS3 transfection.MTT assay showned accelerated proliferation after PIAS3 knocking down,and showned dose-effect curve.Flowcytometry showed cells in S phase increased,cells in G0/G1 decreased and percentage of apoptotic cells decreased after PIAS3 knocking down.Conclusion Knocking down of PIAS3 expression accelerates DU145 cell proliferation and inhibit cell apoptosis in vitro.

Clinical observation on Xihuang Pill in treating 23 cases of advanced primary hepatic cancer / 中华中医药杂志

Objective:To observe the clinical effect of Xihuang Pill in treatingadvanced primary liver caner. Methods: 23 cases of advanced primary liver caner were enrolled in the research. Two courses of Xihuang Pill were given orally (21d per course). The patients' quality of life (QOL) and clinical manifestations were recorded before and after the treatment. Results: QOL was improved in patients after the treatment. Clinical symptoms, such as abdominal distention, poor appetite and cancer pain, were also relieved. The above changes were statistically significant (P

Clinical observation on Xihuang Pill combined with chemotherapy in treating 18 cases of advanced esophageal cancer / 中华中医药杂志

Objective: To observe the clinical effects on advanced esophageal cancer by combined Xihuang Pill with chemotherapy. Methods: Dividing 35 advanced esophageal cancer cases randomly into two groups: 18 cases in the treatment group and 17 cases in the control group. Cases in the control group were treated by nedaplatin 40mg/m2,d1,2; 5-Fu400mg/m2,d1-5; CF200 mg/m2,d1-5. While the treatment with Xihuang Pill combined. The difference of quality of life, hematological toxicity, efficacy and symptoms between the two groups was observed. Results: The quality of life, remission rate of some symptom in the treatment group were much better than the control group, and the hematological toxicity and efficacy were the same. Conclusion: Xihuang Pill could improve the quality of life of advanced esophageal cancer patient, and alleviate some symptoms.

The relationship between glycoconjugate expression on cell surface and histological classification of pulmonary tumors / 中国肺癌杂志

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>To investigate the relationship between progressive development of mouse pulmonary tumors and expression of cell surface saccharide and to provide a theoretical basis for diagnosis of pulmonary benign and malignant lesions..</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A/J strain mice at 5 weeks of age were treated intraperitoneally with 20-methylcholanthrene, and 292 pulmonary lesions including 237 benign lesions (hyperplasia, alveolar adenoma, and papillary adenoma) and 55 malignant tumors (papillary adenocarcinoma) were obtained. The binding affinities of cells in normal respiratory epithelia and various proliferative lesions to four peroxidase-conjugated lectins, Maclura pomifera agglutinin (MPA), Arachis hypogea agglutinin (PNA), Ricinus communis agglutinin (RCA), and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) were examined.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Cells of hyperplasias and alveolar adenomas showed fairly strong affinities to all the lectins. However, most of papillary adenoma cells and papillary adenocarcinoma cells lost their binding affinities to MPA, PNA, and RCA, but not to WGA. Between the benign and malignant lesions, there were significant differences in binding affinities of cells to MPA (Chi-square =46.89,P < 0.01), PNA (Chi-square =36.77,P < 0.01) and RCA (Chi-square=52.87,P < 0.01), but not to WGA (Chi-square=0.09,P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>According to the different complex glycoconjugates on cell surface of various pulmonary lesions, the binding affinities to MPA, PNA and RCA are quite different between the benign and malignant lesions. The detection of bindings is helpful to the differential diagnosis of the pulmonary benign and malignant lesions.</p>

Expression of CD44s in lung cancer and its significance / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM: To investigate expression of CD44s in lung cancer and it's clinical significance. METHODS: A total of 117 primary lung cancer from patients were examined for CD44s expression by immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS: CD44s mostly expressed in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) but not in small ecll lung cancer (SCLC), and squamous cell carcinoma(SCC) showed much stronger expression of CD44s than adenocarcinoma(ADC)(P