Understanding the associations among parents teaching safety rules to children, safety behaviors and unintentional injuries in Chinese preschool children.

Child unintentional injuries are one of the most prominent global health threats and parents may play a vital role in these injuries. This study thus aims to explore the associations of parents teaching safety rules with preschool children's safety behaviors and unintentional injuries. A total of 62,922 children registered at 182 kindergartens in Longhua District of Shenzhen, China during the fall semester of 2016, were included in this cross-sectional study. Their parents were invited to complete a self-administered questionnaire covering information about socio-demographics, parents teaching safety rules to children, child safety behaviors and unintentional injuries. Logistic and linear regression models were carried out to test the associations among parents teaching safety rules, child safety behaviors, and child unintentional injuries. Whether child safety behaviors mediated the relationship between parents teaching safety rules and child unintentional injuries was assessed using Hayes' PROCESS macros for SPSS. Regression analyses revealed that the higher scores of both mothers' and fathers' teaching safety rules to children were significantly associated with the reduced risks of child unintentional injuries and the modest improvements in child safety behaviors, after adjusting for potential confounders. Furthermore, mediation analysis illustrated that child safety behaviors mediated 18.1% of the association between mothers teaching safety rules and child unintentional injuries and 30.3% of the association between fathers teaching safety rules and child unintentional injuries, respectively. These findings suggest that parents teaching safety rules to children is beneficial for mitigating unintentional injury risks among Chinese preschool children through improving child safety behaviors.

Morbidity and risk factors for surgical site infection following cesarean section in Guangdong Province, China.

AIM: To estimate the incidence of and identify the risk factors for a surgical site infection after a cesarean section. METHOD: A survey of women who underwent a cesarean section was conducted in eight hospitals in Guangdong Province, China. The rate of surgical site infection was estimated and a nested case control study was then carried out to identify the risk factors. RESULTS: Among 13 798 women surveyed, 96 (0.7%) developed a surgical site infection after a cesarean section. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified six factors independently associated with an increased risk of surgical site infection, which included obesity, premature rupture of membranes, lower preoperative hemoglobin, prolonged surgery, lack of prophylactic antibiotics and excessive anal examinations performed during hospitalization. CONCLUSION: Surgical site infection occurs in approximately 0.7% of cesarean section cases in the general obstetric population in China. Obesity, premature rupture of membranes, lower preoperative hemoglobin, prolonged surgery, lack of prophylactic antibiotics and excessive anal examinations during hospitalization are considered to be independent risk factors.

Event-related potential of facial expression processing.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate spatial and temporal patterns of event-related potentials (ERP) evoked by facial expression. METHODS: ERP was recorded in 25 healthy subjects while they performed facial recognition task. Repeated-measure one-way ANOVA was adopted to compare the subjects' responses to stimulation by 3 different expressions (positive, neutral and negative) with statistical parametric mapping (SPM). RESULTS: Significant facial expression effects occurred separately in the left parietal and bilateral occipital regions (280-340 ms), left frontal region (400-420 ms), and right prefrontal region (480-500 ms). In 4 time periods, significant difference was observed between positive and neutral emotion wave in the right frontoparietotemporal and left prefrontal regions (60-80 ms), right occipital region (120-140 ms), left occipital region (280-320 ms), and left frontoparietal region (400-440 ms). Significant difference between negative and neutral emotion waves was observed in 5 time periods in the right occipital region (120-140 ms), central frontoparietal region (220-240 ms), central parietal region (280-300 ms), left parietal and right temporopartial regions (320-340 ms) and frontopartial occipitotemporal region (480-500 ms). CONCLUSIONS: The spatiotemporal patterns of ERP suggest that the information processing of facial expression involves extensive brain regions dynamically.

[Causes of urinary tract infection and its prevention in patients with indwelling urinary catheter: report of 152 cases].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the causes of urinary tract infections occurring in patients with indwelling urinary catheter, and to find the preventive means against this condition. METHODS: The clinical data of 152 such cases admitted between March, 2000 and February, 2002 in our department were reviewed. RESULTS: In this group of patients, 57 (37.5%) developed urinary infections due to the indwelling catheter, a rate significantly lower than that among previous cases (46.6%, P < 0.05) treated in our department. CONCLUSION: Careful evaluation of the indications for indwelling urinary catheter, strict aseptic procedures and shortened indwelling time of the catheter may help prevent the occurrence of the infection.

[Meningoencephalitis caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis: report of 1 case].

One rare case of meningoencephalitis caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis is reported. The development of the disease, clinical features, accessory examinations, and the subsequent treatment were described and analyzed briefly.

[Protective effects of nerve growth factor vs Danshen on hippocampal neuron against global ischemia-reperfusion injury in gerbils].

OBJECTIVE: To study the protective effects of nerve growth factor (NGF) and Danshen on hippocampal neurons in gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) with global ischemia-reperfusion injury. METHODS: Global ischemia-reperfusion model was established in 54 male Z:ZCLA gerbils by occlusion of the bilateral carotid arteries. The animal models were randomized into 3 groups to receive treatment with normal saline, NGF, and Danshen 30 min after the reperfusion. At 6 h, 3 and 7 days after the reperfusion, the survival of the hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons was observed using optical and electron microscopy, and immunohistochemistry was employed to detect the expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax in the neurons. RESULTS: Neuronal apoptosis was not observed in the hippocampus 6 h after the reperfusion, but at 3 and 7 days, the number of apoptotic neurons increased significantly in the CA1 region. Compared with normal saline, treatments with NGF and Danshen both significantly reduced the number of apoptotic neurons at 3 and 7 days. The number of apoptotic neurons showed no significant difference between NGF and Danshen treatment groups at 3 days, but at 7 days, the apoptotic cell number was significantly lower in NGF group (P<0.05). Bcl-2 expression was the highest in NGF group, and its highest expression occurred at 6 h after the reperfusion; Bax expression was detected in saline group, and underwent no significant changes with the passage of time. CONCLUSION: Both NGF and Danshen show protective effects against global ischemia-reperfusion injury. NGF has a stronger protective effect than Danshen, and this finding provides experimental evidence for selecting appropriate protective agents in the treatment of ischemic brain damage.

[Event-related potentials of emotional excitement in middle-aged and aged adults].

OBJECTIVE: To explore how adjustment of the negative and neutral emotion excitement contribute to the well-being of middle-aged and aged adults in their health, intelligence, working and living. METHODS: Twenty-five middle-aged and aged participants performed recognition tasks of schematic facial representations of positive, neutral and negative emotions and also Chinese characters (equivalent to happy, thinking and fear). RESULTS: The main effects of the facial recognition task occurred in the left temporal-parietal area (40 to 80 ms), bilateral parietal-occipital and temporal-parietal area (160-180 ms and 310-340 ms). The effects of stimulation with the 3 Chinese characters were found in the anterior region (375-475 ms), posterior region (195-255 ms), and whole scalp region (135-175 ms and 275-355 ms). There were no significant interactive effects between schematic facial recognition and stimulation with Chinese characters. CONCLUSION: Positive emotional excitement may promote the well-being of the adults in their health, intelligence, working performance and living.