RESUMO
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by excessive hepatic lipid accumulation, which can progress to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Histone deacetylase Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) regulates NAFLD by regulating metabolism-related gene expression, but an extrachromosomal role for SIRT6 in NAFLD development remains elusive. We investigated whether SIRT6 functions on NAFLD in the cytoplasm. We found that SIRT6 binds saturated fatty acids, especially palmitic acid. This binding leads to its nuclear export, where it deacetylates long-chain acyl-CoA synthase 5 (ACSL5), thereby facilitating fatty acid oxidation. High-fat diet-induced NAFLD is suppressed by ACSL5 hepatic overexpression but is exacerbated by its depletion. As confirmation, overexpression of a deacetylated ACSL5 mimic attenuated NAFLD in Sirt6 liver-specific knockout mice. Moreover, NASH-hepatic tissues from both patients and diet-fed mice exhibited significantly reduced cytoplasmic SIRT6 levels and increased ACSL5 acetylation. The SIRT6/ACSL5 signaling pathway has a critical role in NAFLD progression and might constitute an avenue for therapeutic intervention.
Assuntos
Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica , Sirtuínas , Camundongos , Animais , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/genética , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/metabolismo , Acil Coenzima A/metabolismo , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Fígado/metabolismo , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos , Camundongos Knockout , Ácidos Graxos/metabolismo , Sirtuínas/genética , Sirtuínas/metabolismo , Citoplasma/metabolismoRESUMO
Double-strand breaks (DSBs) are the most lethal form of DNA damage. Transcriptional activity at DSBs, as well as transcriptional repression around DSBs, are both required for efficient DNA repair. The chromatin landscape defines and coordinates these two opposing events. However, how the open and condensed chromatin architecture is regulated remains unclear. Here, we show that the GATAD2B-NuRD complex associates with DSBs in a transcription- and DNA:RNA hybrid-dependent manner, to promote histone deacetylation and chromatin condensation. This activity establishes a spatio-temporal boundary between open and closed chromatin, which is necessary for the correct termination of DNA end resection. The lack of the GATAD2B-NuRD complex leads to chromatin hyperrelaxation and extended DNA end resection, resulting in homologous recombination (HR) repair failure. Our results suggest that the GATAD2B-NuRD complex is a key coordinator of the dynamic interplay between transcription and the chromatin landscape, underscoring its biological significance in the RNA-dependent DNA damage response.
Assuntos
Cromatina , Quebras de DNA de Cadeia Dupla , Complexo Mi-2 de Remodelação de Nucleossomo e Desacetilase , Cromatina/metabolismo , Cromatina/genética , Complexo Mi-2 de Remodelação de Nucleossomo e Desacetilase/metabolismo , Complexo Mi-2 de Remodelação de Nucleossomo e Desacetilase/genética , RNA/metabolismo , RNA/genética , Dano ao DNA , DNA/metabolismo , DNA/genética , Animais , Humanos , Transcrição Gênica , Reparo do DNA , CamundongosRESUMO
MRE11 nuclease forms a trimeric complex (MRN) with RAD50 and NBS1 and plays a central role in preventing genomic instability. When DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) occur, MRN is quickly recruited to the damage site and initiates DNA end resection; accordingly, MRE11 must be tightly regulated to avoid inefficient repair or nonspecific resection. Here, we show that MRE11 and RAD50 form a complex (MRC) with C1QBP, which stabilizes MRE11/RAD50, while inhibiting MRE11 nuclease activity by preventing its binding to DNA or chromatin. Upon DNA damage, ATM phosphorylates MRE11-S676/S678 to quickly dissociate the MRC complex. Either excess or insufficient C1QBP impedes the recruitment of MRE11 to DSBs and impairs the DNA damage response. C1QBP is highly expressed in breast cancer and positively correlates with MRE11 expression, and the inhibition of C1QBP enhances tumor regression with chemotherapy. By influencing MRE11 at multiple levels, C1QBP is, thus, an important player in the DNA damage response.
Assuntos
Hidrolases Anidrido Ácido/metabolismo , Proteínas de Transporte/metabolismo , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/metabolismo , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/metabolismo , Recombinação Homóloga , Proteína Homóloga a MRE11/metabolismo , Proteínas Mitocondriais/metabolismo , Complexos Multiproteicos/metabolismo , Proteínas Nucleares/metabolismo , Hidrolases Anidrido Ácido/genética , Animais , Proteínas de Transporte/genética , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/genética , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/genética , Células HEK293 , Células HeLa , Humanos , Proteína Homóloga a MRE11/genética , Proteínas Mitocondriais/genética , Complexos Multiproteicos/genética , Proteínas Nucleares/genética , Estabilidade Proteica , Células Sf9 , SpodopteraRESUMO
Alternative pre-mRNA-splicing-induced post-transcriptional gene expression regulation is one of the pathways for tumors maintaining proliferation rates accompanying the malignant phenotype under stress. Here, we uncover a list of hyperacetylated proteins in the context of acutely reduced Acetyl-CoA levels under nutrient starvation. PHF5A, a component of U2 snRNPs, can be acetylated at lysine 29 in response to multiple cellular stresses, which is dependent on p300. PHF5A acetylation strengthens the interaction among U2 snRNPs and affects global pre-mRNA splicing pattern and extensive gene expression. PHF5A hyperacetylation-induced alternative splicing stabilizes KDM3A mRNA and promotes its protein expression. Pathologically, PHF5A K29 hyperacetylation and KDM3A upregulation axis are correlated with poor prognosis of colon cancer. Our findings uncover a mechanism of an anti-stress pathway through which acetylation on PHF5A promotes the cancer cells' capacity for stress resistance and consequently contributes to colon carcinogenesis.
Assuntos
Processamento Alternativo , Carcinogênese/genética , Neoplasias Colorretais/genética , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Histona Desmetilases com o Domínio Jumonji/genética , Proteínas de Ligação a RNA/genética , Transativadores/genética , Acetilcoenzima A/deficiência , Acetilação , Animais , Carcinogênese/metabolismo , Carcinogênese/patologia , Movimento Celular , Proliferação de Células , Neoplasias Colorretais/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Colorretais/mortalidade , Neoplasias Colorretais/patologia , Células HCT116 , Humanos , Histona Desmetilases com o Domínio Jumonji/antagonistas & inibidores , Histona Desmetilases com o Domínio Jumonji/metabolismo , Células MCF-7 , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Nus , Prognóstico , RNA Interferente Pequeno/genética , RNA Interferente Pequeno/metabolismo , Proteínas de Ligação a RNA/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas de Ligação a RNA/metabolismo , Ribonucleoproteína Nuclear Pequena U2/genética , Ribonucleoproteína Nuclear Pequena U2/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais , Análise de Sobrevida , Transativadores/antagonistas & inibidores , Transativadores/metabolismo , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de Xenoenxerto , Fatores de Transcrição de p300-CBP/genética , Fatores de Transcrição de p300-CBP/metabolismoRESUMO
Breast Cancer Type 1 Susceptibility Protein (BRCA1) is a tumor-suppressor protein that regulates various cellular pathways, including those that are essential for preserving genome stability. One essential mechanism involves a BRCA1-A complex that is recruited to double-strand breaks (DSBs) by RAP80 before initiating DNA damage repair (DDR). How RAP80 itself is recruited to DNA damage sites, however, is unclear. Here, we demonstrate an intrinsic correlation between a methyltransferase DOT1L-mediated RAP80 methylation and BRCA1-A complex chromatin recruitment that occurs during cancer cell radiotherapy resistance. Mechanistically, DOT1L is quickly recruited onto chromatin and methylates RAP80 at multiple lysines in response to DNA damage. Methylated RAP80 is then indispensable for binding to ubiquitinated H2A and subsequently triggering BRCA1-A complex recruitment onto DSBs. Importantly, DOT1L-catalyzed RAP80 methylation and recruitment of BRCA1 have clinical relevance, as inhibition of DOT1L or RAP80 methylation seems to enhance the radiosensitivity of cancer cells both in vivo and in vitro. These data reveal a crucial role for DOT1L in DDR through initiating recruitment of RAP80 and BRCA1 onto chromatin and underscore a therapeutic strategy based on targeting DOT1L to overcome tumor radiotherapy resistance.
Assuntos
Proteína BRCA1 , Reparo do DNA , Chaperonas de Histonas , Histona-Lisina N-Metiltransferase , Animais , Humanos , Camundongos , Proteína BRCA1/metabolismo , Proteína BRCA1/genética , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Cromatina/metabolismo , Quebras de DNA de Cadeia Dupla , Metilação de DNA , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/metabolismo , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/genética , Chaperonas de Histonas/metabolismo , Chaperonas de Histonas/genética , Histona-Lisina N-Metiltransferase/metabolismo , Histona-Lisina N-Metiltransferase/genética , Metilação , Metiltransferases/metabolismo , Proteínas Nucleares/metabolismo , Proteínas Nucleares/genética , Tolerância a Radiação/genéticaRESUMO
Cochlear hair cells (HCs) sense sound waves and allow us to hear. Loss of HCs will cause irreversible sensorineural hearing loss. It is well known that DNA damage repair plays a critical role in protecting cells in many organs. However, how HCs respond to DNA damage and how defective DNA damage repair contributes to hearing loss remain elusive.In this study, we showed that cisplatin induced DNA damage in outer hair cells (OHCs) and promoted OHC loss, leading to hearing loss in mice of either sex. Cisplatin induced the expression of Brca1, a DNA damage repair factor, in OHCs. Deficiency of Brca1 induced OHC and hearing loss, and further promoted cisplatin-induced DNA damage in OHCs, accelerating OHC loss. This study provides the first in vivo evidence demonstrating that cisplatin mainly induces DNA damage in OHCs and that BRCA1 promotes repair of DNA damage in OHCs and prevents hearing loss. Our findings not only demonstrate that DNA-damage inducible agent generates DNA damage in postmitotic HCs, but also suggest that DNA repair factors, like BRCA1, protect postmitotic HCs from DNA-damage induced cell death and hearing loss.Significance statement Sensorineural hearing loss is the most severe hearing loss caused by irreversible loss of cochlear hair cells. Hair cells are vulnerable to aging and ototoxic drug. Though DNA damage repair plays a critical role in protecting cells in many organs, it is poorly understood how DNA damage is repaired in hair cells. This study provides the first in vivo evidence demonstrating that cisplatin mainly induces DNA damage in outer hair cells and that BRCA1 promotes repair of DNA damage in outer hair cells and prevents outer hair cell loss as well as hearing loss.
RESUMO
Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) mediates DNA damage signaling by regulating the mismatch repair and nucleotide excision repair pathways. Whether HDAC6 also mediates DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair is unclear. Here, we report that HDAC6 negatively regulates DSB repair in an enzyme activity-independent manner. In unstressed cells, HDAC6 interacts with H2A/H2A.X to prevent its interaction with the E3 ligase RNF168. Upon sensing DSBs, RNF168 rapidly ubiquitinates HDAC6 at lysine 116, leading to HDAC6 proteasomal degradation and a restored interaction between RNF168 and H2A/H2A.X. H2A/H2A.X is ubiquitinated by RNF168, precipitating the recruitment of DSB repair factors (including 53BP1 and BRCA1) to chromatin and subsequent DNA repair. These findings reveal novel regulatory machinery based on an HDAC6-RNF168 axis that regulates the H2A/H2A.X ubiquitination status. Interfering with this axis might be leveraged to disrupt a key mechanism of cancer cell resistance to genotoxic damage and form a potential therapeutic strategy for cancer.
Assuntos
Reparo do DNA , Humanos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Dano ao DNA , Desacetilase 6 de Histona/genética , Ubiquitina/metabolismo , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligases/genética , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligases/metabolismo , UbiquitinaçãoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Inadequate DNA damage repair promotes aberrant differentiation of mammary epithelial cells. Mammary luminal cell fate is mainly determined by a few transcription factors including GATA3. We previously reported that GATA3 functions downstream of BRCA1 to suppress aberrant differentiation in breast cancer. How GATA3 impacts DNA damage repair preventing aberrant cell differentiation in breast cancer remains elusive. We previously demonstrated that loss of p18, a cell cycle inhibitor, in mice induces luminal-type mammary tumors, whereas depletion of either Brca1 or Gata3 in p18 null mice leads to basal-like breast cancers (BLBCs) with activation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). We took advantage of these mutant mice to examine the role of Gata3 as well as the interaction of Gata3 and Brca1 in DNA damage repair in mammary tumorigenesis. RESULTS: Depletion of Gata3, like that of Brca1, promoted DNA damage accumulation in breast cancer cells in vitro and in basal-like breast cancers in vivo. Reconstitution of Gata3 improved DNA damage repair in Brca1-deficient mammary tumorigenesis. Overexpression of GATA3 promoted homologous recombination (HR)-mediated DNA damage repair and restored HR efficiency of BRCA1-deficient cells. Depletion of Gata3 sensitized tumor cells to PARP inhibitor (PARPi), and reconstitution of Gata3 enhanced resistance of Brca1-deficient tumor cells to PARP inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that Gata3 functions downstream of BRCA1 to promote DNA damage repair and suppress dedifferentiation in mammary tumorigenesis and progression. Our findings suggest that PARP inhibitors are effective for the treatment of GATA3-deficient BLBCs.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Mamárias Animais , Inibidores de Poli(ADP-Ribose) Polimerases , Animais , Camundongos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Transformação Celular Neoplásica/genética , Dano ao DNA , Reparo do DNA , Neoplasias Mamárias Animais/genética , Neoplasias Mamárias Animais/patologia , Inibidores de Poli(ADP-Ribose) Polimerases/farmacologiaRESUMO
The fundamental role of cells in safeguarding the genome's integrity against DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) is crucial for maintaining chromatin homeostasis and the overall genomic stability. Aberrant responses to DNA damage, known as DNA damage responses (DDRs), can result in genomic instability and contribute significantly to tumorigenesis. Unraveling the intricate mechanisms underlying DDRs following severe damage holds the key to identify therapeutic targets for cancer. Chromatin lysine acylation, encompassing diverse modifications such as acetylation, lactylation, crotonylation, succinylation, malonylation, glutarylation, propionylation, and butyrylation, has been extensively studied in the context of DDRs and chromatin homeostasis. Here, we delve into the modifying enzymes and the pivotal roles of lysine acylation and their crosstalk in maintaining chromatin homeostasis and genome integrity in response to DDRs. Moreover, we offer a comprehensive perspective and overview of the latest insights, driven primarily by chromatin acylation modification and associated regulators.
RESUMO
Autophagy is an intracellular degradation system that delivers cytoplasmic constituents to the lysosome, and loss of autophagy has been linked to increased genome instability. Here, we report that loss of autophagy is coupled to reduced histone H2A ubiquitination after DNA damage. p62/SQSTM1, which accumulates in autophagy-defective cells, directly binds to and inhibits nuclear RNF168, an E3 ligase essential for histone H2A ubiquitination and DNA damage responses. As a result, DNA repair proteins such as BRCA1, RAP80, and Rad51 cannot be recruited to the sites of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), which impairs DSB repair. Moreover, nuclear-localized p62 increased the sensitivity of tumor cells to radiation both in vitro and in vivo, and this required its interaction with RNF168. Our findings indicate that autophagy-deficiency-induced p62 accumulation results in inhibition of histone ubiquitination and highlight the complex relationship between autophagy and the DNA damage response.
Assuntos
Autofagia , Montagem e Desmontagem da Cromatina , Cromatina/metabolismo , Neoplasias Colorretais/metabolismo , Quebras de DNA de Cadeia Dupla , Reparo do DNA , Proteína Sequestossoma-1/metabolismo , Ubiquitinação , Autofagia/efeitos da radiação , Proteínas Relacionadas à Autofagia/genética , Proteínas Relacionadas à Autofagia/metabolismo , Montagem e Desmontagem da Cromatina/efeitos da radiação , Neoplasias Colorretais/genética , Neoplasias Colorretais/patologia , Neoplasias Colorretais/radioterapia , Reparo do DNA/efeitos da radiação , Células HCT116 , Histonas/metabolismo , Humanos , Interferência de RNA , Tolerância a Radiação , Proteína Sequestossoma-1/genética , Transdução de Sinais , Transfecção , Enzimas de Conjugação de Ubiquitina/genética , Enzimas de Conjugação de Ubiquitina/metabolismo , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligases/metabolismo , Ubiquitinação/efeitos da radiaçãoRESUMO
Ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related (ATR) activation after replication stress involves a cascade of reactions, including replication protein A (RPA) complex loading onto single-stranded DNA and ATR activator loading onto chromatin. The contribution of histone modifications to ATR activation, however, is unclear. Here, we report that H3K14 trimethylation responds to replication stress by enhancing ATR activation. First, we confirmed that H3K14 monomethylation, dimethylation, and trimethylation all exist in mammalian cells, and that both SUV39H1 and SETD2 methyltransferases can catalyze H3K14 trimethylation in vivo and in vitro. Interestingly, SETD2-mediated H3K14 trimethylation markedly increases in response to replication stress induced with hydroxyurea, a replication stress inducer. Under these conditions, SETD2-mediated H3K14me3 recruited the RPA complex to chromatin via a direct interaction with RPA70. The increase in H3K14me3 levels was abolished, and RPA loading was attenuated when SETD2 was depleted or H3K14 was mutated. Rather, the cells were sensitive to replication stress such that the replication forks failed to restart, and cell-cycle progression was delayed. These findings help us understand how H3K14 trimethylation links replication stress with ATR activation.
Assuntos
Proteínas Mutadas de Ataxia Telangiectasia/metabolismo , Replicação do DNA , DNA/biossíntese , Histona-Lisina N-Metiltransferase/metabolismo , Histonas/metabolismo , Proteína de Replicação A/metabolismo , Animais , Proteínas Mutadas de Ataxia Telangiectasia/química , Proteínas Mutadas de Ataxia Telangiectasia/genética , DNA/química , DNA/genética , Histona-Lisina N-Metiltransferase/química , Histona-Lisina N-Metiltransferase/genética , Histonas/química , Histonas/genética , Humanos , Metilação , Metiltransferases/química , Metiltransferases/genética , Metiltransferases/metabolismo , Proteína de Replicação A/química , Proteína de Replicação A/genética , Proteínas Repressoras/química , Proteínas Repressoras/genética , Proteínas Repressoras/metabolismoRESUMO
FOXO1, a transcription factor downstream of the insulin/insulin like growth factor axis, has been linked to protein degradation. Elevated expression of FOXO orthologs can also prevent the aggregation of cytosine adenine guanine (CAG)-repeat disease causing polyglutamine (polyQ) proteins but whether FOXO1 targets mutant proteins for degradation is unclear. Here, we show that increased expression of FOXO1 prevents toxic polyQ aggregation in human cells while reducing FOXO1 levels has the opposite effect and accelerates it. Although FOXO1 indeed stimulates autophagy, its effect on polyQ aggregation is independent of autophagy, ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) mediated protein degradation and is not due to a change in mutant polyQ protein turnover. Instead, FOXO1 specifically downregulates protein synthesis rates from expanded pathogenic CAG repeat transcripts. FOXO1 orchestrates a change in the composition of proteins that occupy mutant expanded CAG transcripts, including the recruitment of IGF2BP3. This mRNA binding protein enables a FOXO1 driven decrease in pathogenic expanded CAG transcript- and protein levels, thereby reducing the initiation of amyloidogenesis. Our data thus demonstrate that FOXO1 not only preserves protein homeostasis at multiple levels, but also reduces the accumulation of aberrant RNA species that may co-contribute to the toxicity in CAG-repeat diseases.
Assuntos
Proteína Forkhead Box O1/genética , Peptídeos/genética , Agregação Patológica de Proteínas/genética , Proteínas de Ligação a RNA/genética , Adenina/metabolismo , Proteínas Amiloidogênicas , Autofagia/genética , Citosina/metabolismo , Proteína Forkhead Box O1/biossíntese , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/genética , Guanina/metabolismo , Células HEK293 , Humanos , Proteínas Mutantes/genética , Peptídeos/toxicidade , Agregação Patológica de Proteínas/patologia , Biossíntese de Proteínas/genética , Proteólise , RNA Mensageiro/genética , Repetições de Trinucleotídeos/genéticaRESUMO
Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) is a master kinase that regulates cell cycle progression. How its enzymatic activity is regulated in response to DNA damage is not fully understood. We show that PLK1 is enriched at double strand breaks (DSBs) within seconds of UV laser irradiation in a PARP-1-dependent manner and then disperses within 10 min in a PARG-dependent manner. Poly(ADP-)ribose (PAR) chains directly bind to PLK1 in vitro and inhibit its enzymatic activity. CHK1-mediated PLK1 phosphorylation at S137 prevents its binding to PAR and recruitment to DSBs but ensures PLK1 phosphorylation at T210 and its enzymatic activity toward RAD51 at S14. This subsequent phosphorylation event at S14 primes RAD51 for CHK1-mediated phosphorylation at T309, which is essential for full RAD51 activation. This CHK1-PLK1-RAD51 axis ultimately promotes homologous recombination (HR)-mediated repair and ensures chromosome stability and cellular radiosensitivity. These findings provide biological insight for combined cancer therapy using inhibitors of PARG and CHK1.
Assuntos
Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/metabolismo , Quinase 1 do Ponto de Checagem/metabolismo , Poli(ADP-Ribose) Polimerase-1/metabolismo , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/metabolismo , Reparo de DNA por Recombinação , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/antagonistas & inibidores , Linhagem Celular , Quebras de DNA de Cadeia Dupla , Glicosídeo Hidrolases , Humanos , Fosforilação , Poli Adenosina Difosfato Ribose/metabolismo , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/antagonistas & inibidores , Rad51 Recombinase/metabolismo , Raios Ultravioleta , Quinase 1 Polo-LikeRESUMO
The human RecQ helicase BLM is involved in the DNA damage response, DNA metabolism, and genetic stability. Loss of function mutations in BLM cause the genetic instability/cancer predisposition syndrome Bloom syndrome. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of BLM in cancers remains largely elusive. Here, we demonstrate that the deubiquitinating enzyme USP37 interacts with BLM and that USP37 deubiquitinates and stabilizes BLM, thereby sustaining the DNA damage response (DDR). Mechanistically, DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) promotes ATM phosphorylation of USP37 and enhances the binding between USP37 and BLM. Moreover, knockdown of USP37 increases BLM polyubiquitination, accelerates its proteolysis, and impairs its function in DNA damage response. This leads to enhanced DNA damage and sensitizes breast cancer cells to DNA-damaging agents in both cell culture and in vivo mouse models. Collectively, our results establish a novel molecular mechanism for the USP37-BLM axis in regulating DSB repair with an important role in chemotherapy and radiotherapy response in human cancers.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/genética , Reparo do DNA , Endopeptidases/genética , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , RecQ Helicases/genética , Animais , Proteínas Mutadas de Ataxia Telangiectasia/genética , Proteínas Mutadas de Ataxia Telangiectasia/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Mama/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Mama/mortalidade , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , DNA/genética , DNA/metabolismo , Quebras de DNA de Cadeia Dupla , Replicação do DNA , Endopeptidases/metabolismo , Feminino , Células HEK293 , Células HeLa , Humanos , Células MCF-7 , Camundongos , Fosforilação , Ligação Proteica , Estabilidade Proteica , Proteólise , RNA Interferente Pequeno/genética , RNA Interferente Pequeno/metabolismo , RecQ Helicases/metabolismo , Análise de Sobrevida , Ubiquitinação , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de XenoenxertoRESUMO
PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of interlaminar Coflex stabilization (ICS) at various segments in the topping-off procedure on local and global spinal sagittal alignment. METHODS: Eighty-nine consecutive patients with degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis (DLSS) who underwent ICS and transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) were retrospectively reviewed. They were divided into Group A (L4-L5 ICS + L5-S1 TLIF), Group B (L3-L4 ICS + L4-S1 TLIF), and Group C (L2-L3 ICS + L3-S1 TLIF) according to their fusion levels. The measured local sagittal parameters included the implanted segmental angle (ISA), intervertebral disc angle (IDA), intervertebral foreman height (IFH), and disc height. The assessed global sagittal parameters included thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis (LL), the fused segment angle (FSA), the sacral slope, the pelvic tilt, pelvic incidence, and the sagittal vertical axis. The Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and visual analog scales (VAS) were recorded to evaluate the clinical outcomes. RESULTS: Regarding the local alignment parameters, the ISA and IDA decreased immediately after surgery in Groups A and B, followed by an increase at the last follow-up (all, P < 0.05). Conversely, the IFH of Groups A and B first increased after surgery and then decreased to approximately the original value (all, P < 0.05). No significant differences were evident between the local sagittal parameters at different time points in Group C. Regarding the global sagittal profiles, the LL and FSA exhibited a significant postoperative increase (both at P < 0.05) in all the groups. All three groups displayed significant improvements in the ODI, VAS-back pain, and VAS-leg pain. Furthermore, 4.5% (4/89) of the patients exhibited radiographic adjacent segment degeneration (ASD) at the last follow-up. CONCLUSION: ICS during topping-off surgery led to a temporary loss of local lordosis, especially in the lower lumbar segment, while the intervertebral space realigned after middle-term follow-up. The topping-off procedure with ICS is a feasible and promising surgical option of DLSS since it reduces fusion levels and prevents ASD development.
Assuntos
Degeneração do Disco Intervertebral , Lordose , Fusão Vertebral , Humanos , Lordose/diagnóstico por imagem , Lordose/cirurgia , Vértebras Lombares/diagnóstico por imagem , Vértebras Lombares/cirurgia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fusão Vertebral/métodos , Degeneração do Disco Intervertebral/diagnóstico por imagem , Degeneração do Disco Intervertebral/cirurgia , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To generate a compensatory classification to evaluate sagittal spinal malalignment with lumbar degeneration. METHODS: We included 162 patients with low back pain who underwent full-length spinal radiography in our hospital from August 2019 to October 2021. Using full-length spine X-rays, we measured pelvic tilt (PT), sacral slope (SS), pelvic incidence (PI), thoracic kyphosis (TK), lumbar lordosis (LL), C7 slope (C7S), thoracolumbar kyphosis (TLK), and C7 sagittal vertical axis (SVA). We also recorded the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and visual analog scale (VAS). Patients were divided into four groups based on the SRS-Schwab classification and four other groups based on the compensatory classification. RESULTS: ODI correlated with age, SS, LL, TK, C7-SVA, SRS-Schwab classification, and compensatory classification. Lumbar VAS score correlated with LL, TK, C7-SVA, SRS-Schwab classification, and compensatory classification. Leg VAS score only correlated with LL. Hidden imbalance and imbalance with compensation had more significant PT and larger TK than balance patients. The symptoms of the four compensatory classification groups gradually worsened. CONCLUSION: The spinal-pelvic sagittal balance in patients with lumbar degeneration based on pelvic and thoracic compensation can reflect spinal balance and symptoms. This parameter might help evaluate spine sagittal alignment in elderly patients with lumbar degeneration.
Assuntos
Cifose , Lordose , Humanos , Idoso , Lordose/diagnóstico por imagem , Cifose/diagnóstico por imagem , Sacro , Pelve , Incidência , Vértebras Lombares/diagnóstico por imagem , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to describe and classify common variations and compensation mechanisms in the sagittal alignment of the spine with lumbar degenerative disease. METHODS: A total of 230 patients over 18 years old who underwent whole-spine X-rays to evaluate lower back pain were enrolled in this study. C7 slope, pelvic tilt (PT), sacral slope (SS), pelvic incidence (PI), thoracic kyphosis (TK), lumbar lordosis (LL), cervical lordosis (CL), thoracolumbar kyphosis (TLK), and sagittal vertical axis (SVA) were measured. Patients were divided into Group A (balance without compensation), B (balance with compensation), C (unbalance with compensation), and D (unbalance without compensation) according to spinopelvic balance and thoracic compensation. RESULTS: Group A had the largest LL, smallest PT, largest SS, and best clinical parameters of the four groups (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001). The age increased gradually from Group B to Group D. Group B had an increased TK compared with Group A (p < 0.001). Group C had an increased TK compared with Group A (p < 0.001). Group D had an increased C7 slope compared with Group A (p = 0.022). CONCLUSIONS: This classification is shown four different regional and global alignments of the spine. Compensation took place to keep the balance of the spine. Classification types were consistent with age, compensation abilities, and clinical parameters. This classification potentially represents a valuable tool for comprehensive analysis of lumbar degenerative before surgical treatment considering sagittal balance.
Assuntos
Cifose , Lordose , Humanos , Adulto , Adolescente , Lordose/diagnóstico por imagem , Coluna Vertebral , Cifose/cirurgia , Sacro , Pelve , Incidência , Vértebras Lombares/diagnóstico por imagem , Vértebras Lombares/cirurgiaRESUMO
Histone modifications play critical roles in DNA damage repair to safeguard genome integrity. However, how different histone modifiers coordinate to build appropriate chromatin context for DNA damage repair is largely unknown. Here, we report a novel interplay between the histone methyltransferase KMT5A and two E3 ligases RNF8 and RNF168 in establishing the histone modification status for DNA damage repair. KMT5A is a newly identified substrate of RNF8 in vitro and in vivo. In response to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), RNF8 promotes KMT5A recruitment onto damaged chromatin in a ubiquitination-dependent manner. RNF8-induced KMT5A ubiquitination increases the binding capacity of KMT5A to RNF168. Interestingly, KMT5A not only drives a local increase in H4K20 monomethylation at DSBs, but also promotes RNF168's activity in catalyzing H2A ubiquitination. We proved that the interaction between the H2A acidic patch and KMT5A R188/R189 residues is critical for KMT5A-mediated regulation of H2A ubiquitination. Taken together, our results highlight a new role for KMT5A in linking H4K20 methylation and H2A ubiquitination and provide insight into the histone modification network during DNA damage repair.
Assuntos
Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/metabolismo , Histona-Lisina N-Metiltransferase/metabolismo , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligases/metabolismo , Anticorpos , Sobrevivência Celular , Dano ao DNA , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/genética , Deleção de Genes , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Células HCT116 , Histona-Lisina N-Metiltransferase/genética , Humanos , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligases/genética , UbiquitinaçãoRESUMO
Although lysine acetylation is now recognized as a general protein modification for both histones and non-histone proteins, the mechanisms of acetylation-mediated actions are not completely understood. Acetylation of the C-terminal domain (CTD) of p53 (also known as TP53) was an early example of non-histone protein acetylation and its precise role remains unclear. Lysine acetylation often creates binding sites for bromodomain-containing 'reader' proteins. Here we use a proteomic screen to identify the oncoprotein SET as a major cellular factor whose binding with p53 is dependent on CTD acetylation status. SET profoundly inhibits p53 transcriptional activity in unstressed cells, but SET-mediated repression is abolished by stress-induced acetylation of p53 CTD. Moreover, loss of the interaction with SET activates p53, resulting in tumour regression in mouse xenograft models. Notably, the acidic domain of SET acts as a 'reader' for the unacetylated CTD of p53 and this mechanism of acetylation-dependent regulation is widespread in nature. For example, acetylation of p53 also modulates its interactions with similar acidic domains found in other p53 regulators including VPRBP (also known as DCAF1), DAXX and PELP1 (refs. 7, 8, 9), and computational analysis of the proteome has identified numerous proteins with the potential to serve as acidic domain readers and lysine-rich ligands. Unlike bromodomain readers, which preferentially bind the acetylated forms of their cognate ligands, the acidic domain readers specifically recognize the unacetylated forms of their ligands. Finally, the acetylation-dependent regulation of p53 was further validated in vivo by using a knock-in mouse model expressing an acetylation-mimicking form of p53. These results reveal that acidic-domain-containing factors act as a class of acetylation-dependent regulators by targeting p53 and, potentially, other proteins.
Assuntos
Acetilação , Chaperonas de Histonas/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismo , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/metabolismo , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA , Feminino , Chaperonas de Histonas/química , Histonas/química , Histonas/metabolismo , Humanos , Ligantes , Camundongos , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas/genética , Ligação Proteica , Domínios Proteicos , Proteínas Repressoras/química , Proteínas Repressoras/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição/química , Transcrição Gênica , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/química , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/genética , Fatores de Transcrição de p300-CBP/antagonistas & inibidores , Fatores de Transcrição de p300-CBP/metabolismoRESUMO
NAD+-dependent SIRT7 deacylase plays essential roles in ribosome biogenesis, stress response, genome integrity, metabolism and aging, while how it is transcriptionally regulated is still largely unclear. TGF-ß signaling is highly conserved in multicellular organisms, regulating cell growth, cancer stemness, migration and invasion. Here, we demonstrate that histone deacetylase HDAC8 forms complex with SMAD3/4 heterotrimer and occupies SIRT7 promoter, wherein it deacetylates H4 and thus suppresses SIRT7 transcription. Treatment with HDAC8 inhibitor compromises TGF-ß signaling via SIRT7-SMAD4 axis and consequently, inhibits lung metastasis and improves chemotherapy efficacy in breast cancer. Our data establish a regulatory feedback loop of TGF-ß signaling, wherein HDAC8 as a novel cofactor of SMAD3/4 complex, transcriptionally suppresses SIRT7 via local chromatin remodeling and thus further activates TGF-ß signaling. Targeting HDAC8 exhibits therapeutic potential for TGF-ß signaling related diseases.