LncRNA ANRIL promotes multiple myeloma progression and bortezomib resistance by EZH2-mediated epigenetically silencing of PTEN.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell malignancy of bone marrow. In the present study, we aimed to study the function and potential mechanism of the antisense non-coding RNA in the INK4 Locus (ANRIL) in MM. The expression levels of ANRIL in MM patients and healthy donors were evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The effects and mechanisms of ANRIL in MM were evaluated by cell viability assay, BrdU incorporation assay, tumor xenograft model, flow cytometry, western blot, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), transcriptome RNA sequencing, and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). We found that ANRIL was upregulated in MM patients and cell lines, and associated with advanced international staging system (ISS) stage and poor overall survival. Enforced ANRIL expression promoted proliferation and tumor xenograft growth of MM cells, while knockdown of ANRIL exhibited opposite effects. Moreover, ANRIL overexpression increased the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of bortezomib and reduced bortezomib-induced apoptosis in MM cells. ANRIL was found to accumulate in the nuclei of MM cells, and interact with EZH2 by RIP assay. Transcriptome RNA sequencing identified PTEN as a target of ANRIL in MM cells. In the ChIP assay, knockdown of ANRIL reduced EZH2 occupancy and H3K27me3 binding to the promoter region of PTEN. Furthermore, EZH2 knockout or PTEN restoration abrogated the effects caused by ANRIL overexpression in MM cells. Our results indicated that ANRIL exerted oncogenic functions and conferred chemoresistance of MM cells by EZH2-mediated epigenetically silencing of PTEN.

Lumbar decompression and lumbar interbody fusion in the treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: The goal of this study was to review relevant randomized controlled trials in order to determine the efficacy of decompression and lumbar interbody fusion in the treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis. METHOD: Using appropriate keywords, we identified relevant studies in PubMed, the Cochrane library, and Embase. Key pertinent sources in the literature were also reviewed, and all articles published through July 2019 were considered for inclusion. For each study, we assessed odds ratios, mean difference, and 95% confidence interval to assess and synthesize outcomes. RESULT: Twenty-one randomized controlled trials were eligible for this meta-analysis with a total of 3636 patients. Compared with decompression, decompression and fusion significantly increased length of hospital stay, operative time and estimated blood loss. Compared with fusion, decompression significantly decreased operative time, estimated blood loss and overall visual analogue scale (VAS) scores. Compared with endoscopic decompression, microscopic decompression significantly increased length of hospital stay, and operative time. Compared with traditional surgery, endoscopic discectomy significantly decreased length of hospital stay, operative time, estimated blood loss, and overall VAS scores and increased Japanese Orthopeadic Association score. Compared with TLIF, MIS-TLIF significantly decreased length of hospital stay, and increased operative time and SF-36 physical component summary score. Compared with multi-level decompression and single level fusion, multi-level decompression and multi-level fusion significantly increased operative time, estimated blood loss and SF-36 mental component summary score and decreased Oswestry disability index score. Compared with decompression, decompression with interlaminar stabilization significantly decreased operative time and the score of Zurich claudication questionnaire symptom severity, and increased VAS score. CONCLUSION: Considering the limited number of included studies, we still need larger-sample, high-quality, long-term studies to explore the optimal therapy for lumbar spinal stenosis.

A biomechanical study on proximal junctional kyphosis following long-segment posterior spinal fusion.

Posterior long-segment spinal fusion may lead to proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK). The present study sought to identify the appropriate fusion levels required in order to prevent PJK using finite element analysis. A finite element model was constructed based on the whole-spine computed tomography findings of a healthy adult. Nine commonly used posterior spinal fusion methods were selected. Stress on the annulus fibrosis fibers, the posterior ligamentous complex, and the vertebrae after various spinal fusions in the upright position were compared. This study was divided into two groups: non-fusion and fusion. In the former, the stress between the T10 and the upper thoracic vertebrae was higher. Comparing thoracic and lumbar segments in the fusion group, the peak stress values of the upper instrumented vertebrae (UIV) were mainly observed in T2 and L2 whilst those of the UIV+1 were observed in T10 and L2. After normalization, the peak stress values of the UIV and UIV+1 were located in T2 and L2. Similarly, the peak stress values of the annulus fibrosus at the upper adjacent level were on T10 and L2 after normalization. However, the peak stress values of the interspinal/supraspinal complex forces were concentrated on T11, T12, and L1 after normalization whilst the peak stress value of the pedicle screw was on T2. Controversy remains over the fusion of T10, and this study simulated testing conditions with gravitational loading only. However, further assessment is needed prior to reaching definitive conclusions.

Effects of a regional Chinese diet and its vitamin supplementation on proliferation of human esophageal cancer cell lines.

OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of a local diet popular in Yanting region (YT diet) on the proliferation of two human cell lines (Eca-109 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma line and HL7702 normal liver epithelial cell line) in rats by a sero-physiological approach. METHODS: Male SD rats were divided into six groups and fed respectively with a conventional diet and the YT diet (one of the five experimental diets) supplemented with two vitamin mixtures (Mix. 1: vitamins A, E, and folic acid; Mix.2: mix.1 plus riboflavin and vitamin C) at two different doses. On the 30th day, sera were collected from the rats and added into a medium for cell culture, with 10% FBS used as a serum control. The effects were assessed by MTT assay, DNA synthesis and flow cytometry assays. RESULTS: Compared with the control, the sera from rats fed with the YT diet significantly promoted the proliferation of Eca-109 cells, which was, however, reversed by the supplementation with two vitamin mixtures at high doses. Surprisingly, the same treatment produced contrary effects on HL7702 cells as compared with Eca-109 cells. CONCLUSION: The sera from rats fed with the YT diet could promote the proliferation of human esophageal cancer cell line Eca-109, whereas the sera from those fed with the YT diet supplemented with vitamin mixtures might have inhibitory effects on the proliferation of Eca-109 cells.

[Oxidative damages in rats induced by the diet from Yanting region with high prevalence of esophageal cancers].

OBJECTIVE: To test the effect of the diet from Yanting region, a region with high prevalence of esophagus cancers, on oxidative damages in rats. METHODS: Thirty male SD rats were randomly divided into three experimental groups and fed with standard diets, Yanting diets, and Chengdu diets (a region with low prevalence of esophageal cancers), respectively. One month later, the rats were killed. The livers and esophagus of those rats were taken immediately and were weighted, homogenated, and centrifuged at a low temperature to dissociate the supernatants. The contents of NO and MDA and the activities of NOS, SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px in the supernatants were measured. RESULTS: The rats fed with Chengdu diets showed no differences with those fed with standard diets. But the rats fed with Yanting diets had significantly higher NO, MDA and NOS, and lower activities of SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px in the livers than those fed with Chengdu diets. The rats fed with Yanting diets also had higher MHA and lower CAT in the esophagus than those fed with Chengdu diets. CONCLUSION: Yanting diets stimulate the oxidative damages of the livers and esophagus in rats.

[Effects of Yanting diet and vitamins on growth and proliferation of human esophageal cancer cell line].

OBJECTIVE: The effects of sera of rats fed the Yanting diet (YT diet) on growth and proliferation of the human esophageal cancer cell line Eca-109 were observed by the means of sero-physiology. METHODS: The male SD rats, randomly divided into six groups with ten each, were fed a conventional diet and five experimental diets, i.e. YT diet, the YT diet with two vitamin mixtures (Mix. 1, vit. A, E and folic acid; Mix. 2 was Mix. 1 plus riboflavin and vit. C) at two doses. After rats fed different diets for 30 days, rats' sera were collected and added into medium for cell culture. The effects serum of rats fed different diets on two human cell lines (Eca-109 esophageal cancer cell and HL7702 normal liver epithelium cell) were investigated by means of cell growth curve, 3H-thymidine incorporation and flow cytometric assay. RESULTS: By comparison with the control, the sera of rats fed the YT diet significantly promoted Eca-109 cell proliferation but showed inhibitory effects on HL7702 cell. These changes, however, were reversed by supplementation with two vitamin mixtures at high dose, which had more significant effects on either inhibiting Eca-109 cell or promoting HL7702 cell proliferation than the corresponding lower dose. In addition, the high dose of two vitamin mixtures caused G1 arrest of Eca-109 cell, while speeding the HL7702 cell entering into S and G2 of cell cycle. No obvious difference was seen between both serum of rat fed with the conventional diet and calf serum as control to effect on the two cell line growths and proliferations. CONCLUSION: It is indicated that the sera of rats fed with the YT diet could promote the proliferation of human esophageal cancer cell line Eca-109; the YT diet supplemented with vitamin mixtures may have inhibitory effects on Eca-109 cell. The cell cycle arrest of G1 may be one of the mechanisms that the YT diet supplemented with vitamin mixtures inhibited the proliferation of Eca-109 cell.

[Effects of intra-amygdaloid injection of motilin on the interdigestive migrating myoelectrical complex in rat].

OBJECTIVE: This study is undertaken to explore the effects of motilin in the amygdaloid nucleus on the interdigestive migrating myoelectrical complex (MMC) in rats. METHODS: Adult SD rats of either sex were used. 0.5 microL motilin (0.74 nmol/microL) was injected into the guide cannula which had been stereotaxically implanted into the amygdaloid nucleus. Then the MMC was recorded by an RM6240B multilead physiological recording system. Some rats also received subdiaphragmatic vagotomy, or intravenous injection of the M-cholinergic receptor antagonist atropine (50 microg/kg), the alpha-adrenergic receptor antagonist phentolamine (200 microg/kg), the beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist propranolol (100 microg/kg), the anti-motilin serum. RESULTS: After motilin was injected into the amygdaloid nucleus, the duodenal MMC cycle duration was decreased significantly, (586.3 +/- 42.0) vs. (694.0 +/- 36.2)s. However, the amplitude of phase III and the frequency of phase III was increased, (294.7 +/- 43.2) vs (255.1 +/- 23.5) microV and (23.1 +/- 0.6) vs. (18.2 +/- 0.4) bursts/min. But there were no effects on the duration of phase III. The percentage change in frequency of phase III was much greater than the percentage change in amplitude of phase III, (54.3 +/- 5.6) vs. (22.4 +/- 4.3). The effects of motilin in the amygdaloid nucleus on MMC were completely abolished by subdiaphragmatic vagotomy. The effects of motilin in the amygdaloid nucleus on MMC were not affected by intravenously injected atropine, phentolamine or propranolol. The anti-motilin serum partly abolished the effects of motilin in the amygdaloid nucleus on MMC. CONCLUSION: Motilin in the amygdaloid nucleus has effects on the duodenal MMC cycle duration, the amplitude of phase III and the frequency of phase III, all of which may rely on either the effects of noncholinergic and nonadrenergic neurons on duodenal smooth muscle, or the increase of local motilin via nucleus amygdalae-hypothalamus-brain stem-vagus pathway.

[Distribution and role of motilin receptor in the amygdala of rats].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the distribution and role of motilin receptor in the amygdala of rats. METHODS: The distribution of motilin receptor in the amygdala was detected by immunohistochemistry in adult SD rats of either sex. The duodenal interdigestive migrating myoelectric complex (MMC) was recorded and analyzed for investigating the role of motilin receptor in the amygdala. RESULTS: Motilin receptors were detected in the amygdala of rats. The medial amygdaloid nucleus contained the greatest amount of motilin receptors, which was also abound in the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala but less abundant in the basomedial nucleus of the amygdala, central amygdaloid nucleus and lateral amygdaloid nucleus. The binding of motilin receptors and motilin in the amygdala caused shortening of duodenal MMC cycle duration and increased amplitude and frequency of phase III. The effects were completely abolished by subdiaphragmal vagotomy but not by intravenous injection of atropine, phentolamine or propranolol. Anti-motilin serum partially abolished these effects, and destruction of the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala had no effects on duodenal MMC. CONCLUSIONS: Motilin receptors are present in all the subnuclei of the amygdala. The effects of microinjection of motilin in the amygdala on duodenal MMC might rely on either the effects of noncholinergic and nonadrenergic neurons on the duodenal smooth muscle, or increase in local motilin via amygdala-hypothalamus-brain stem-vagus pathway, indicating the important role of motilin receptor in the amygdala in duodenal MMC regulation.

[Effects of intrahippocampal microinjection of motilin on interdigestive migrating myoelectrical complexes of rat duodenum].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of intrahippocampal injection of motilin on interdigestive migrating myoelectrical complex (MMC) of rat duodenum. METHODS: Adult SD rats of either sex were subjected to injection of 0.5 microl motilin (0.74 nmol/microl) through the guiding cannula stereotaxically implanted into the hippocampus previously. Interdigestive MMC of the duodenum was recorded by RM6240B multilead physiological recording system. RESULTS: After motilin injection into the hippocampus, duodenal MMC cycle was significantly shortened, but the amplitude and frequency of phase III were increased without affecting the duration of phase III. The effect of motilin injection into the hippocampus on MMC was completely abolished by subdiaphragmal vagotomy but not affected by intravenously injected atropine, phentolamine or propranolol. Anti-motilin serum could partly abolish the effects of motilin on MMC. CONCLUSIONS: Motilin injection into the hippocampus have effects on the duration of duodenal MMC cycle and the amplitude and frequency of phase III, which may rely on the effect of noncholinergic and nonadrenergic neurons on duodenal smooth muscle or the increase of local motilin via hippocampus-hypothalamus-brain stem-vagus pathway. The hippocampus plays an important role in duodenal MMC.

A biomechanical study on proximal junctional kyphosis following long-segment posterior spinal fusion

Posterior long-segment spinal fusion may lead to proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK). The present study sought to identify the appropriate fusion levels required in order to prevent PJK using finite element analysis. A finite element model was constructed based on the whole-spine computed tomography findings of a healthy adult. Nine commonly used posterior spinal fusion methods were selected. Stress on the annulus fibrosis fibers, the posterior ligamentous complex, and the vertebrae after various spinal fusions in the upright position were compared. This study was divided into two groups: non-fusion and fusion. In the former, the stress between the T10 and the upper thoracic vertebrae was higher. Comparing thoracic and lumbar segments in the fusion group, the peak stress values of the upper instrumented vertebrae (UIV) were mainly observed in T2 and L2 whilst those of the UIV+1 were observed in T10 and L2. After normalization, the peak stress values of the UIV and UIV+1 were located in T2 and L2. Similarly, the peak stress values of the annulus fibrosus at the upper adjacent level were on T10 and L2 after normalization. However, the peak stress values of the interspinal/supraspinal complex forces were concentrated on T11, T12, and L1 after normalization whilst the peak stress value of the pedicle screw was on T2. Controversy remains over the fusion of T10, and this study simulated testing conditions with gravitational loading only. However, further assessment is needed prior to reaching definitive conclusions.

Effect of Homeobox A13 transfection on epithelial-mesenchymal transition and bone morphogenetic protein-7 expression in kidney tubular epithelial cells / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To examine the transfection of Homeobox A13 (HOXA13) on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the expression of bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) induced by albumin-overload in human kidney tubular epithelial cells (HKCs).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The cultured HKCs were treated with 20 mg/mL human serum albumin (HSA) for 48 hours. Protein expression of cytokeratin (CK), vimentin and HOXA13 in the HKCs was assessed by Western blot. Protein expression of CK, vimentin, and BMP-7 was also detected in HKCs transfected with lipofectamine contained HOXA13 DNA.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>HSA induced EMT in HKCs, presented by decreased CK expression (P<0.01) and increased vimentin expression (P<0.01). The up-regulated expression of HOXA13 transfected by lipofectamine inhibited the level of EMT induced by HSA in HKCs (P<0.05). The decreased rate of BMP-7 protein expression induced by HSA was inhibited by over-expressed HOXA13 in HKCs (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Transfection of HOXA13 in HKCs could inhibit the degree of EMT induced by albumin-overload, possibly by increasing BMP-7 expression.</p>

Environment and congenital urinary malformations / 中国当代儿科杂志

The development of the kidneys and other organs of the urinary tract follows the natural rule of gene-environment-lifestyle interaction. Both intrinsic and extrinsic factors may be associated with the etiology of various kinds of urinary malformations, but the environmental factor is an extrinsic factor. Related literatures were reviewed in this paper, which focuses on the association of congenital urinary malformations with possible environmental factors. It is concluded that urinary malformation is associated with low birth weight, maternal disease, placental insufficiency, maternal drug exposure, and maternal exposure to environmental pesticides. Living environment and socioeconomic factors may also influence the incidence of urinary malformation.

Hazardous environmental factors causing renal damage in children / 中国当代儿科杂志

Hazardous environmental factors invade the body through multiple routes, including ingestion, inhalation and absorption by contact with the skin and mucous membrane. They are from various sources and soil, water, air, building and decorative materials, foods and daily necessities are the main carriers. According to their physical and chemical properties and morphological characteristics, these hazardous factors are classified as metals, inorganic matter, organic matter, radioactive substances, biological toxins, viruses, bacteria, mycoplasmas, chlamydiae and parasites. They cause diseases through blood and urine and also have kidney susceptibility. This article suggests that pediatricians should fully understand the characteristics and seriousness of hazardous environmental factors that cause renal damage, and pay attention to the prevention and control of these factors so as to minimize renal damage in children.

Circulating microRNA expression in children with idiopathic short stature / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the role of circulating microRNAs (miRNA) in the pathogenesis of idiopathic short stature (ISS) through detecting miRNA expression profile in plasma of children with ISS.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Plasma miRNA expression was determined by microarray in 20 children with ISS and 20 healthy children. Altered microRNAs were verified by real-time PCR. The online miRNA target gene prediction software was used to predict and screen miRNA differentially expressed target genes.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>According to the microarray, there were 40 differentially expressed miRNAs in the ISS group compared with the control group, including 24 up-regulated miRNAs and 16 down-regulated miRNAs. Real-time PCR verified two up-regulated (miR-185and miR-574-5p) and two down-regulated miRNAs (miR-497and miR-15a) and confirmed that plasma miR-185 expression was significantly up-regulated (P<0.05) and miR-497 expression was significantly down-regulated (P<0.05) in children with ISS.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Plasma miRNA expression levels in children with ISS are significantly different from healthy controls, suggesting that plasma miRNA is associated with the pathogenesis of ISS.</p>

Expression of urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and its clinical significance in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) concentration in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) and its clinical significance.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-four children newly diagnosed with INS received oral prednisone for 4 weeks. Patients whose urinary protein did not become negative were classified as steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) group, while those whose urinary protein did become negative were classified as steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS) group. Morning midstream urine specimens were collected from all patients before use of prednisone and after 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks of treatment with prednisone. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure the urinary NGAL concentration. Meanwhile, urinary creatinine (Cr) concentration was measured, and urinary NGAL concentration in a single urine collection was adjusted according to the urinary Cr excretion. The two groups were compared in terms of urinary NGAL/Cr ratio.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the SRNS group, the SSNS group had significantly decreased urinary NGAL/Cr ratios after 3 and 4 weeks of prednisone treatment (P < 0.05). Compared with the SRNS group, the SSNS group had a significantly decreased urinary β2-MG/Cr ratio after 4 weeks of prednisone treatment (P < 0.05). In both groups, urinary NGAL/Cr ratio was positively correlated with urinary protein/Cr ratio (r = 0.510, P < 0.01). The results of ROC curve analysis showed when diagnostic cut-off point of urinary NGAL/Cr was 0.043 by 3 weeks after treatment, sensitivity and specificity achieved 100% and 79.2% respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Urinary NGAL/Cr ratio remains high in children with SRNS, while this ratio decreases gradually during prednisone treatment in children with SSNS, and it falls ahead of urinary β2-MG/Cr ratio. These results suggest that dynamic monitoring of urinary NGAL/Cr ratio is useful for early judgment of response to prednisone in patients with INS.</p>

Clinical and pathological analysis of 41 children with lupus nephritis / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To analyze the correlation between clinical characteristics and pathological findings lupus nephritis (LN) in children,together with the correlation of the renal vascular lesion respectively with the glomerular lesion and tubulointerstitial lesion.Methods Forty-one cases of LN in children diagnosed by percutaneous renal biopsy from Jan.2008 to Sep.2012 in Pediatrics of the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University were collected.Clinical manifestations and the lab findings of the blood and urine of all the patients were analyzed,and all the frozen sections were evaluated according to the standard of ISN/RPS2003 for LN.The glomerular lesion and tubalointerstitial lesion separately were also evaluated,respectively.The wall thickening/outer diameter ratio,intima thickening/outer diameter ratio and medial thickening/outer diameter ratio of the arterioles were measured.Results The percentage of clinical manifestation with LN increased coupled with the degree of pathological damage.In the different stages of pathological damage,both the glomerular lesion and tubulointerstitial lesion were getting much more serious along with the progressiveness of pathological damage,and what's more,they had a positive correlation(r =0.959,P ＜ 0.05).The wall thickness/outer diameter ratio in all cases was greater than 0.5,in dicating the thickness of vessel wall.Conclusion Renal vascular lesion really existed and is characterized by the progressive loss of integrity of the intima and the medial thickening.

Effect and possible mechanism of hemoperfusion treatment for severe Henoch-Sch(o)nlein purpura / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To research the changes of clinical symptoms and serum free radical in children with severe Henoch-Sch(o)nlein purpura (HSP) between before and after accepted hemoperfusion.And evaluate the curative effect of hemoperfusion treatment for severe HSP and discuss the mechanism.Methods Twenty-three severe HSP patients in Children's Medical Center of the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University which were divided into 2 groups:13 cases were divided into traditional treatment group,10 cases were divided into hemoperfusion group; 11 healthy children were divided into healthy control group.The alleviate situation of clinical symptoms were observed and recorded such as purpura,abdominal pain,joint pain,hematuria,albuminuria,and the changes of urine RBC count,24 hour urine protein quantitative before and after hemoperfusion and traditional treatment.Collected the serum before and after the first time hemoperfusion treatment,after the second time hemoperfusion treatment,after the third time hemoperfusion treatment in hemoperfusion group;Collected the serum before and after conventional therapy in traditional treatment group; Collected only once serum in healthy control group.And then their superoxide anion(O2-·),hydroxy radical(· OH),hydrogen dioxide(H2O2),malonaldehyde(MDA) values were detected with spectrophotometry.The differences of each index among each group were compared respectively.Results After treatment,the clinical symptoms of 23 severe HSP children such as rash,abdominal pain,joint pain,hematuria,albuminuria which were reliefed compared to before treatment.The urine erythrocyte count,24 hour urine protein quantitative were reduced in 2 groups,but the symptoms of perfusion group children relieved faster,and the clinical index decreased more obviously.The serum O2-·,· OH,H2O2,MDA levels of 23 HSP children were significantly higher than those of the healthy control group (all P ＜ 0.01).In the traditional treatment group,compared between before and after treatment,the indexes were decreased (all P ＜ 0.05) ; After 3 times of hemoperfusion,all indexes were decreased in hemoperfusion group,but only after the third hemoperfusion the indexes were decreased statistically significant(all P ＜ 0.05).But compared with the hemoperfusion group,the index were decreased more apparently in after the third hemoperfusion,and it was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions 1.The serum free radicals are increased in severe HSP children,they may play a role in vasculitis.2.For severe HSP,the recent therapeutic effect of hemoperfusion ally with traditional treatment is better than the alone traditional treatment.3.Hemoperfusion ally with traditional treatment can remove more effectly the serum free radicals,reduce lipid peroxide products,then mitigate the damage of the oxidate stress to the vascular endothelial.

Application of stem cell transplantation in kidney diseases / 中国当代儿科杂志

This paper summarizes the current literature on the potential therapeutic role of stem cell transplantation for kidney injury and repair and focuses on the choice of types of stem cells, the method of transplantation, and the mechanisms of stem cell homing to injured renal tissues and its protective effects. The application of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) shows wide prospects, but the approach and optimal dose of cell transplantation are under intensive investigation. Signals that regulate stem cell homing to injured renal tissues may be related to chemokines or factors released in the target site. Several studies have pointed out that paracrine and endocrine of stem cells are the most likely mechanism of action in the injured nephron. Many questions remain unanswered but stem cell-based therapy is a promising new strategy for acute and chronic kidney diseases.

Effects of huai qi huang on cytokines Th1, Th2 and Th17 and phagocytosis of alveolar macrophages in rats with asthma / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effects of huai qi huang, a traditional Chinese medicine, on cytokines Th1, Th2 and Th17 levels and alveolar macrophage phagocytosis in asthmatic rats sensitized by ovalbumin (OVA).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups: normal control, untreated asthma, budesonide-treated, huai qi huang-treated and budesonide+huai qi huang-treated asthma (n=8 each). Asthma was induced by OVA sensitization and challenge. The levels of IL-4, IFN-γ and IL-17 in plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were measured using ELISA. The phagocytosis of alveolar macrophages which were isolated and purified from BALF was evaluated by the colorimetric assay.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The levels of IL-4 and IL-17 increased, in contrast, the IFN-γ level decreased in plasma and BALF in the untreated asthma group compared with those in the normal control group. The IFN-γ level in the huai qi huang-treated asthma group was higher than that in the untreated asthma group. The IFN-γ level increased and the IL-17 level decreased more significantly in the budesonide+huai qi huang-treated asthma group when compared with the budesonide and huai qi huang alone treatment groups. The phagocytosis of alveolar macrophages in the untreated asthma group was lower than that in the normal control group. Huai qi huang alone or combined with budesonide increased the phagocytosis of alveolar macrophages compared with the normal control, untreated asthma and budesonid-treated asthma groups. The levels of IFN-γ in plasma and BALF were positively correlated with the phagocytosis of alveolar macrophages.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The levels of IL-4 and IL-17 increase and the IFN-γ level decreases in plasma and BALF, and the phagocytosis of alveolar macrophages decreases in asthmatic rats. Huai qi huang treatment may increase the IFN-γ expression in plasma and BALF and the phagocytosis of alveolar macrophages in asthmatic rats. There is a synergistic effect between huai qi huang and glucocorticoids.</p>