RESUMO
This study aimed to evaluate in vitro and in vivo trypanocidal activity of free and nanoencapsulated curcumin against Trypanosoma evansi. In vitro efficacy of free curcumin (CURC) and curcumin-loaded in lipid-core nanocapsules (C-LNCs) was evaluated to verify their lethal effect on T. evansi. To perform the in vivo tests, T. evansi-infected animals were treated with CURC (10 and 100 mg kg(-1), intraperitoneally [i.p.]) and C-LNCs (10 mg kg(-1), i.p.) during 6 days, with the results showing that these treatments significantly attenuated the parasitaemia. Infected untreated rats showed protein peroxidation and an increase of nitrites/nitrates, whereas animals treated with curcumin showed a reduction on these variables. As a result, the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and catalase) differs between groups (P<0.05). Infected animals and treated with CURC exhibited a reduction in the levels of alanine aminotransferase and creatinine, when compared with the positive control group. The use of curcumin in vitro resulted in a better parasitaemia control, an antioxidant activity and a protective effect on liver and kidney functions of T. evansi-infected adult male Wistar rats.
Assuntos
Curcumina/farmacologia , Tripanossomicidas/farmacologia , Trypanosoma/efeitos dos fármacos , Tripanossomíase/tratamento farmacológico , Produtos da Oxidação Avançada de Proteínas/sangue , Alanina Transaminase/metabolismo , Fosfatase Alcalina/metabolismo , Animais , Aspartato Aminotransferases/metabolismo , Catalase/sangue , Creatinina/metabolismo , Curcumina/administração & dosagem , Cães , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Rim/parasitologia , Rim/patologia , Rim/fisiopatologia , Fígado/enzimologia , Fígado/parasitologia , Fígado/patologia , Masculino , Nanocápsulas , Nitratos/sangue , Nitritos/sangue , Parasitemia/tratamento farmacológico , Parasitemia/parasitologia , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Superóxido Dismutase/sangue , Tripanossomicidas/administração & dosagem , Tripanossomíase/patologiaRESUMO
Bone graft substitutes (BGS) are widely used in clinical practice. For stem cellbased approaches to bone tissue engineering BGS need to show sufficient biocompatibility in the in vitro setting. This study was designed to demonstrate the influence of six different BGS on the proliferation and metabolic activity of porcine mesenchymal multilineage stem cells (pMSC) in vitro. Bone-marrow derived pMSC were cultivated for 24 hours with the eluates of six different BGS. The eluates were generated by incubating the BGS three times in succession for 24 hours with a culture medium and collecting the supernatants. pMSC vitality and proliferation in the presence of eluates from the first, second, and third incubation were assessed by WST-test quantification of metabolically active cells. Culture of pMSC with eluates in all cases resulted in decreased cell numbers in an eluate concentration-dependent manner. At least a 65% loss of cells compared to controls (culture medium without eluates) could be observed in the presence of undiluted eluates. The negative influence of eluates varied significantly among BGS. In all cases, second and third eluates were less potent in their negative effects on cellular vitality/proliferation. In conclusion, the BGS examined here should be submitted to thorough preincubation before in vitro use for cell-based constructs to maximize cell viability for the tissue engineering of bone.
Assuntos
Materiais Biocompatíveis/farmacologia , Substitutos Ósseos/farmacologia , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/efeitos dos fármacos , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/fisiologia , Transplantes , Animais , Linhagem da Célula , Células Cultivadas , Humanos , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/citologia , Suínos , Porco MiniaturaRESUMO
During the last 25 years, there have been considerable advances in the prevention, diagnosis and management of craniomaxillofacial injuries in children. When compared to adults, the pattern of fractures and frequency of associated injuries are similar but the overall incidence is much lower. Diagnosis is more difficult than in adults and fractures are easily overlooked. Clinical diagnosis is best confirmed by computed tomographic (CT) scans. Treatment is usually performed without delay and can be limited to observation or closed reduction in non-displaced or minimally displaced fractures. Operative management should involve minimal manipulation and may be modified by the stage of skeletal and dental development. Open reduction and rigid internal fixation is indicated for severely displaced fractures. Primary bone grafting is preferred over secondary reconstruction and alloplastic materials should be avoided when possible. Children require long-term follow-up to monitor potential growth abnormalities. This article is a review of the epidemiology, diagnosis and management of facial fractures in children.
Assuntos
Ossos Faciais/lesões , Fraturas Cranianas/prevenção & controle , Transplante Ósseo , Criança , Humanos , Luxações Articulares/cirurgia , Fraturas Cranianas/diagnóstico , Fraturas Cranianas/cirurgia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
The purpose of this study was to document the progression and pattern of endosteal bone formation in a porcine mandibular distraction wound. Bone formation was assessed in a 0-day latency model (n=24 pigs) using distraction rates of 1, 2, or 4 mm/day to create a 12-mm gap. Macro-radiographs and sagittal histologic sections, from the center of the mandible, were evaluated by computer morphometrics (% bone fill) and by a semi-quantitative bone formation score. Mean percent area of new bone was 12.4% (0-25.9%), 7.5% (0-21.3%) and 3.8% (0-10.5%) in mandibles distracted at 1, 2 or 4 mm/day respectively. At all time points, percent area of new bone was highest in mandibles distracted at 1 mm/day. Bone was deposited from the margins of the osteotomy toward the center of the wound and occurred first around the inferior alveolar canal and tooth bud regions. New bone formed by intramembranous ossification alone. The results of this experiment document the contribution of endosteal bone formation in this model of distraction osteogenesis.
Assuntos
Regeneração Óssea , Mandíbula/cirurgia , Osteogênese por Distração , Análise de Variância , Animais , Feminino , Modelos Lineares , Mandíbula/diagnóstico por imagem , Modelos Animais , Osteoblastos/fisiologia , Periósteo/fisiologia , Radiografia , Suínos , Porco MiniaturaRESUMO
We tested the function and efficiency of a new intraoral, bone-borne distraction device for mandibular lengthening, and the effect of bilateral transsection of the inferior alveolar arteries on osteogenesis in adult dogs. Nine adult Beagles had bilateral complete mandibular osteotomies and epiperiosteal placement of the distractor. After 7 days, the mandibles were distracted at 1 x 1mm/day, 1 x 0.5 mm/day or 2 x 0.25 mm/day for 15 or 30 days, respectively. Hemimandibles were harvested after 1, 14, or 42 days consolidation and evaluated clinically, radiographically and histologically. The mean distraction achieved was 11 mm (range 4-16 mm). New bone formation and clinical stability increased with increasing consolidation time and was independent of the distraction protocol used. Osteogenesis at the distal and proximal mandibular fragments did not differ. In 10/18 distraction sites, wound dehiscences compromised osteogenesis. The new epiperiosteal distractor permitted successful distraction osteogenesis despite complete bilateral osteotomy with section of the medullary vessels in adult dogs.
Assuntos
Mandíbula/cirurgia , Avanço Mandibular/métodos , Osteogênese por Distração/instrumentação , Animais , Artérias/cirurgia , Regeneração Óssea , Cães , Desenho de Equipamento , Fixadores Internos , Masculino , Mandíbula/irrigação sanguínea , Avanço Mandibular/instrumentação , Modelos Animais , Osteogênese por Distração/efeitos adversos , Osteotomia/instrumentação , Periósteo , Deiscência da Ferida Operatória/etiologiaRESUMO
The polysaccharide ß-glucan presents beneficial effects on the immune system, although the mechanisms of the immunomodulatory effect remain poorly understood. The potential cytoprotective and genoprotective effects of ß-glucans were evaluated in broiler chicken lymphocytes exposed to increasing concentrations of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and/or ß-glucans. AFB1 significantly decreased cell viability at the concentrations of 10 and 20 µg/ml at 72 h of incubation (p<0.01 and p<0.001, respectively). Moreover, the AFB1 concentrations of 1, 10 and 20 µg/ml increased DNA fragmentation levels at 24 h (p<0.001). Conversely, lymphocyte death was prevented by ß-glucans at the concentrations of 1% and 10%, indicating a cytoprotective effect. Reactive oxygen species levels were increased in the cells treated with 20 µg/ml AFB1 at 24 h (p<0.05) and 10% ß-glucans with or without AFB1 at 24, 48 and 72 h of incubation (p<0.001). DNA damage increased by more than 100% in AFB1-treated lymphocytes when compared to control group. ß-glucans at 1% was able to fully revert the AFB1-induced lymphocyte DNA damage, indicating a genoprotective effect and maintaining DNA integrity. In conclusion, ß-glucans showed in vitro dose-dependent cytoprotective and genoprotective effects in broiler chicken lymphocytes exposed to AFB1.
Assuntos
Aflatoxina B1/toxicidade , Antimutagênicos/farmacologia , Galinhas/fisiologia , Dano ao DNA , Linfócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Substâncias Protetoras/farmacologia , beta-Glucanas/farmacologia , Animais , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Ensaio Cometa , DNA/metabolismoRESUMO
The patterns of neural degeneration of the spiral ganglion were studied in 12 human pathologic specimens and 2 normal neonatal specimens. Morphometric analysis of spiral ganglion cells included the maximum cross-sectional areas of both large (type 1) and small (type II) spiral ganglion cells. The organ of Corti in segments corresponding to the spiral ganglion, was evaluated for the presence or absence of inner (IHC) and outer (OHC) hair cells and supporting cells. The relationship between degeneration of spiral ganglion cells and degeneration in the organ of Corti, the age, sex, duration of deafness, cochlear location and delay between death and fixation was evaluated statistically. Both primary and secondary degeneration of the spiral ganglion were more severe in the basal than apical half of the cochlea. Degeneration of the spiral ganglion was most severe when both IHCs and OHCs were absent in the organ of Corti. No survival advantage was identified for type II ganglion cells as has been previously reported. That is, there was no correlation between the degree of degeneration of the spiral ganglion and the prevalence of type II ganglion cells. In fact, there was more severe degeneration of type II cells when the corresponding organ of Corti was severely degenerated. These findings in the human were compared with animal models of degeneration of the spiral ganglion, and the implications for cochlear implantation were discussed.
Assuntos
Degeneração Neural , Gânglio Espiral da Cóclea/patologia , Nervo Vestibulococlear/patologia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Envelhecimento/patologia , Análise de Variância , Sobrevivência Celular , Cóclea/patologia , Surdez/patologia , Feminino , Células Ciliadas Auditivas Internas/citologia , Células Ciliadas Auditivas Internas/patologia , Células Ciliadas Auditivas Externas/citologia , Células Ciliadas Auditivas Externas/patologia , Perda Auditiva Neurossensorial/patologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Órgão Espiral/patologia , Fatores Sexuais , Gânglio Espiral da Cóclea/citologia , Coloração e Rotulagem , Fixação de Tecidos , Nervo Vestibulococlear/fisiologiaRESUMO
The anatomical region "laterodorsal calf" with the fibula, the flexor muscles and the overlying skin served by the peroneal vessels, is a suitable donor region particularly for combined microsurgical transfer of bone and soft tissue. In a five and a half year period, 59 reconstructions, 39 (66%) with and 20 (34%) without soft tissue transfer, were performed. The versatility and the functional and esthetic results after osseous, osteocutaneous, osteomuscular and osteomyocutaneous tissue transfer are presented.
Assuntos
Ossos Faciais/cirurgia , Fíbula/transplante , Mandíbula/cirurgia , Procedimentos de Cirurgia Plástica/métodos , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Implantação Dentária , Feminino , Fíbula/irrigação sanguínea , Humanos , Masculino , Neoplasias Mandibulares/radioterapia , Neoplasias Mandibulares/cirurgia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias Bucais/radioterapia , Neoplasias Bucais/cirurgia , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/radioterapia , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/cirurgia , Radioterapia Adjuvante , Articulação Temporomandibular/cirurgiaRESUMO
The purpose of this study was to document the progression of bone formation in a porcine mandibular distraction wound, at various distraction rates and fixation times, using three-dimensional computed tomography. Bone formation was assessed in a 0-day latency model (n=24 minipigs) using distraction rates of 1, 2, or 4 mm/day to create a 12 mm distraction gap. Animals were sacrificed at 0, 8, 16, or 24 days fixation. For experimental and control sides, three-dimensional data from computed tomographic scans were used to calculate the percent bone volume in the regions of interest. Standardized plain radiographs were used to evaluate bone formation with a semiquantitative scale: 0, 1, 2, 3. Mean percent bone volume and radiographic bone fill scores (pooled sample) increased with fixation time from 16.8% and 0.17 at 0 days, to 64% and 2.0 at 24 days fixation. Mandibles distracted at 1mm/day had higher CT values and bone fill scores than mandibles distracted at 2 or 4 mm/day. At 24 days fixation, the maximum percent bone volume (64%--1 mm/day; 24 days fixation) remained below control values (81.3%). The results of this study indicate that despite high bone fill scores on plain radiographs, the highest percent CT bone volume achieved in this model was 64%.
Assuntos
Mandíbula/cirurgia , Avanço Mandibular/métodos , Osteogênese por Distração , Osteogênese/fisiologia , Animais , Feminino , Imageamento Tridimensional , Modelos Lineares , Mandíbula/diagnóstico por imagem , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Suínos , Porco Miniatura , Fatores de Tempo , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
During the last 25 years, there have been considerable advances in the prevention, diagnosis and management of craniomaxillofacial injuries in children. When compared to adults, the pattern of fractures and frequency of associated injuries are similar but the overall incidence is much lower. Diagnosis is more difficult than in adults and fractures are easily overlooked. Clinical diagnosis is best confirmed by computed tomographic (CT) scans. Treatment is usually performed without delay and can be limited to observation or closed reduction in non-displaced or minimally displaced fractures. Operative management should involve minimal manipulation and may be modified by the stage of skeletal and dental development. Open reduction and rigid internal fixation is indicated for severely displaced fractures. Primary bone grafting is preferred over secondary reconstruction and alloplastic materials should be avoided when possible. Children require long-term follow-up to monitor potential growth abnormalities. This article is a review of the epidemiology, diagnosis and management of facial fractures in children.
Assuntos
Ossos Faciais/lesões , Fraturas Cranianas , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Fixação de Fratura/métodos , Humanos , Lactente , Fraturas Cranianas/diagnóstico , Fraturas Cranianas/epidemiologia , Fraturas Cranianas/prevenção & controle , Fraturas Cranianas/terapia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
The free microvascular fibula and soft tissue transfer has become a widely used method to reconstruct the head and neck region. Only few reports focus on the donor site morbidity of purely mandibular reconstructions. On the basis of the hospital charts, a standardized patient interview and a standardized physical examination, the present study evaluates the early and late donor site morbidity in 42 mostly oncologic patients after an average follow-up interval of 34 months. Of these, 16 patients (38.1%) exhibited complicated wound healing that did not correlate with the patient's age, sex, type of transplant, use of a skin graft, result of preoperative angiography, rate of postoperative mobilization or the incidence of late donor site morbidity. At the time of follow-up examination, about one-fourth of the patients reported discomfort, pain or swelling. Objective findings included sensory deficits in 76.3%, motor deficits in 39.5% and reduced strength in 44.7% of the patients. Even though objectively measured morbidity exceeded subjectively perceived morbidity, it can be concluded that there is significant early and late donor site morbidity, which should be considered when opting for a fibula graft. Patients should be informed accordingly.