[Controlled arterial hypotension using nitroglycerin in brain surgery]. / Upravliaemaia arterial'naia gipotoniia s pomoshch'iu nitroglitserina pri operatsiiakh na golovnom mozge.

Artificial hypotension induced by 0.01% nitroglycerin solution was applied in 60 operations on the brain. It contributed to the creation of optimum conditions for radical removal of tumors and exclusion of vascular aneurysms, reduction of blood loss, and a decrease in the number of blood transfusion. The efficacy, adequate control, safety, and attainability of the method allowed it to be recommended for use in neurosurgical practice when necessary.

[Orbital phlebography craniobasal meningiomas spreading into the orbit]. / Orbital'naia flebografiia pri rasprostranenii kraniobazal'nykh meningiom v glaznitsu.

Analysis of the results of orbital phlebography performed in 39 patients with cranio-orbital meningiomas testifies to the important diagnostic value of this methods of examination in determining the spread of craniobasal meningiomas to the orbit. By means of orbital phlebography it is possible not only to precisely define the topography of the new growth in the orbital cavity, but to reveal disorders of venous drainage from the orbit and collateral tracts which provide the draining function of the superior ophthalmic vein.

[Experience with radical surgery for craniopharyngiomas]. / Opyt radikal'nykh operatsii pri kraniofaringiomakh.

Operations were conducted on 83 patients for total (49) or subtotal (34) removal of craniopharyngioma. A dependence of the possibilities of effective radical operations for these tumors on the variant of their localization in the infundibulo-hypophyseal region was revealed. The use of microsurgical techniques made the operation more radical and improved its results. The features of the surgical techniques in endosuprasellar, suprasellar extraventricular and intraventricular craniopharyngiomas are described. After radical operation 26 patients died. The outcomes of radical operations were least favourable in intraventricular craniopharyngiomas. The provision of conditions excluding damage to medio-basal brain areas which are of greatest functional importance is or primary significance in radical operations.

[The surgical treatment of medullocervical tumors]. / Khirurgicheskoe lechenie medullotservikal'nykh opukholei.

The study included 12 operated patients with medullocervical gliomas. Two of them had hemangioblastomas, 6-ependymomas, 4-astrocytomas with different degree of dedifferentiation. The gross total tumor removals were achieved in 4 patients with ependymomas and patient with hemangioblastomas. Two patients with ependymomas and one with hemangioblastoma had their tumors removed subtotally. All astrocytomas were partially excised. The neurological long tract signs were alleviated almost in all ependymoma and hemangioblastoma patients after surgery. Complication rate was the highest in the astrocytoma group. The authors discussed indications and contraindications for surgery depending on the tumor type.

[Meningiomas of the 3d cerebral ventricle]. / O meningiomakh III zheludochka golovnogo mozga.

Meningiomas of the third ventricle, especially those located in its anterior part, are a rare occurrence. Two patients with meningiomas of the third ventricle are described. In one of them the tumor was removed successfully. Pneumoencephalography and positive ventriculography are of decisive importance in the diagnosis of these tumors. Analysis of the data in the literature and the authors' personal observations shows that timely removal of these tumors with the use of rational approaches and microsurgical techniques may yield satisfactory results.

[Laser microsurgery of brain tumors]. / Lazernaia mikrokhirurgiia opukholei golovnogo mozga.

The authors report on a fundamentally new laser method of removal of brain tumors. The operation was carried out with a Soviet-produced surgical laser Sayany-MT (power of 60 W) interlocked with an operating microscope. Eighty-five operations were conducted by means of laser techniques. The use of the surgical carbon dioxide laser in neurooncology makes it possible to improve the conditions for performing the neurosurgical intervention and insures its radical character and a less injurious effect.

[Blood ultrafiltration in postoperative brain edema-swelling in neuro-oncology patients]. / Ul'trafil'tratsiia krovi pri posleoperatsionnom oteke-nabukhanii golovnogo mozga u neiroonkologicheskikh bol'nykh.

A hundred and sixteen postoperative patients after removal of various brain tumors in whom brain edema developed were treated with 1-3 courses of blood ultrafiltration (BUF). 0.5-9.0 liters of ultrafiltrate was removed. BUF does not lead to blood concentration due to the movement of the fluid from intracellular to intravascular space. BUF allows to decrease the amount of toxic medium-sized peptides and osmolarity discriminant. Seldom the minor complications were observed because of usage of the plate shaped dialyzers. When the capillary dialyzers were used, no complications were noted. BUF may be recommended in patients with brain tumors in early postoperative period when traditional medical management does not seem to be effective enough. The technique helps to reduce the duration of brain edema in treated patients by 8-10 days vs. controls treated traditionally.

[Use of the hemodilution method in neurosurgery]. / Primenenie metoda gemodiliutsii pri neirokhirurgicheskikh operatsiiakh

The results of surgical interventions conducted with haemodilution in 31 patients with brain tumours permit to conclude that in comparison with the routine transfusion methods (25 cases) this technique has several advantages in terms of correction of the disorders in the electrolyte and protein composition of the blood, and maintenance of these parameters on a safe level during the postoperative period. A beneficial effect of this method upon the circulating blood volume and on its rheological properties was observed, which improved the conditions of microcirculation.

[Role gene expression changes in development of human brain gliomas]. / Rol' izmenenii ékspressii genov v razvitii gliom golovnogo mozga cheloveka.

The identification and characterization of genes either induced or repressed in human brain tumors are important in understanding the mechanism of tumor initiation and progression, stages of malignancy, in developing new approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of tumors. In this paper, differential hybridization of arrayed human fetal brain and postnatal brain and postnatal brain cDNA libraries revealed differences in the rate of hybridization signals with total cDNA probes of the human brain and glioblastoma multiforme for more than 150 cDNA clones. Sixteen nucleotide sequences with changed contents in tumors were identified by repeated differential hybridization of the cDNA clones selected by primary screening with the same total cDNA probes of the human brain and glioblastoma multiforme and by Northern-hybridization of RNA samples from the human and glial tumors. The results of an analysis of the increased expression of the gene encoding apolipoprotein E. DNA-binding protein B, mitochondrial (16S and 12S) and cytoplasmic 28S rRNAs, Alu-containing transcripts, inactivation of cullin 1 gene and potential tumor suppressor gene TSC-22 are described.