RESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Considering the high possibility of dentist consult a patient with oral complications of chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy for oral cancer because of the advances in this area, this study aims to systematically review the literature to identify and suggest effective and safe protocols for the managements of oral complications in oncology patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The systematic review was designed by PICO and PRISMA including eligibility and exclusion criteria; the source of information and search strategy in PubMed according MeSH: "Mouth Neoplasms and Radiotherapy" and "Mouth Neoplasms and Drug Therapy" the period from 2010 to 2015; selection and data collection of study was carried form blind and independently by two researchers; risk of bias and methodological quality: ensured by the PEDro scale; synthesis of data: of oral complications were evaluated by adapted version of associative direction classification proposed by Costigan and collaborators; and data analysis was performed by the meta-analysis of BioEstat program (5.0) in the included studies. RESULTS: 2,700 articles found, 2,371 were selected after removal of duplicate and elected 40 full-text articles. Of these, only 06 articles were included in the systematic review with exclusion of others, per obtain punctuation ≥ 7 with high methodological quality for synthesis of the managements of oral complications. Since 05 articles were associated with low risk of bias composing the protocols suggestive for managements and the meta-analysis in odds ratio (0.916) to cure and relative risk (1.049) for the development of oral mucositis and pain. CONCLUSIONS: The protocols suggestive for managements of oral mucositis and pain with MuGard - mucoadhesive hydrogel; PerioAid Tratamiento® antiseptic mouthrinse with chlorhexidine and cetylpyridinium chloride; Episil® plus benzydamine - bioadhesive oromucosal gel; 0,03% of Triclosan mouthwash Colgate Plax; and Diode Laser Therapy of low-level are safe for oncology patients applied according to adopted clinical parameters.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/efeitos adversos , Doenças da Boca/etiologia , Neoplasias Bucais/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Bucais/radioterapia , Lesões por Radiação/etiologia , Protocolos Clínicos , Humanos , Radioterapia/efeitos adversosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To review the main papers published on the main available tests to obtain objective values of nasal patency and to demonstrate aspects of their use in medical practice. METHODOLOGY: We performed a non-systematic review of the MEDLINE and LILACS databases, and the most relevant articles were selected. RESULTS: Objective evaluations are important in epidemiological studies and in monitoring of patients with nasal obstruction. There is a wide variety of objective tests of nasal function; among them acoustic rhinometry, rhinomanometry, and peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF) are currently the most used tests. CONCLUSION: The choice of the method to evaluate nasal function depends on the conditions of each health service. PNIF has been highlighted as a simple and reliable alternative that provides easy-to-interpret results, and is thus an attractive method for clinical practice.
Assuntos
Obstrução Nasal/diagnóstico , Obstrução Nasal/fisiopatologia , Resistência das Vias Respiratórias/fisiologia , Humanos , Capacidade Inspiratória/fisiologia , Obstrução Nasal/etiologia , Rinomanometria , Rinometria Acústica , EspirometriaRESUMO
Different methods for the assessment of bone quality were evaluated in this study. Sixty alveolar bone areas were investigated. Peri-apical and panoramic radiographs were obtained with an aluminium scale to assess optical density. The Lekholm and Zarb (L&Z) classification was determined through radiographic analysis and the surgeon's tactile perception. A trephine was used to obtain a bone biopsy for assessment by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and histomorphometry. Primary stability of the implants was assessed using insertion torque (IT) and the implant stability quotient (ISQ). The optical density on peri-apical radiographs was correlated with IT, ISQ, and micro-CT (BV, BV/BT, Tb.Th, Tb.N, BS/BV, Tb.Pf, and SMI) (rho ≤ 0.471, P ≤ 0.028). Panoramic radiography showed a correlation only with bone surface (BS) and bone surface/volume ratio (BS/TV) (rho ≤ 0.290, P ≤ 0.031). IT showed a correlation with ISQ, histometry, and micro-CT (BV, BS/TV, Tb.Th, Tb.N, BS/BV, Tb.Pf, Tb.Sp, BV/BT) (rho ≤ 0.550, P ≤ 0.022). ISQ did not show any correlation with micro-CT. The L&Z classification showed correlations with the optical density obtained in the peri-apical radiographs, histometry, osteocyte count, IT, and micro-CT (BS/BV, Tb.Sp, Tb.Pf, BV, BS/TV, Tb.Th, Tb.N) (rho ≤ 0.344, P ≤ 0.042). The L&Z bone classification and IT are reliable methods, peri-apical radiographs and ISQ are acceptable, and panoramic radiography is not a reliable method for the assessment of bone quality.
Assuntos
Implantes Dentários , Mandíbula , Densidade Óssea , Humanos , Mandíbula/patologia , Maxila/patologia , Microtomografia por Raio-XRESUMO
The characterisation of oral-motor movements and speech of patients with tetanus were investigated to determine the existence of possible signs that are characteristic of this pathology. Thirteen patients clinically diagnosed with tetanus (10 with severe tetanus and three with very severe tetanus) and admitted to an intensive care unit underwent clinical evaluation of oral-motor movements and speech. Statistical analysis indicated significant between-group differences for speech motor functions, suggesting that individuals with very severe tetanus present rigidity as a characteristic interfering in articulatory precision (P = 0·035) and movement rate (P = 0·038). For lip closure, tongue movement, palatal elevation, gag reflex and voice quality, no between-group differences were identified for the specific abnormal characteristics. The observed abnormal results indicate that muscle strength and functional status of the oral-motor system presented by most of the participants of the study did not ensure the necessary integrity for satisfactory performance. The characterisation of the oral myofunctional aspects of patients with tetanus provides medical teams, patients and families with a wider and better description of the clinical situation, giving support to the diagnosis, prognostics and treatment.
Assuntos
Boca/fisiopatologia , Movimento , Fala , Tétano/fisiopatologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Brasil , Feminino , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Humanos , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tétano/diagnóstico , Tétano/reabilitaçãoRESUMO
We previously found that acute exercise inhibited the gastric emptying of liquid in awake rats by causing an acid-base imbalance. In the present study, we investigated the involvement of the nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (NO-cGMP) pathway, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), and corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) peptide in this phenomenon. Male rats were divided into exercise or sedentary group and were subjected to a 15-min swim session against a load (2.5 or 5% b.w.). The rate of gastric emptying was evaluated after 5, 10, or 20 min postprandially. Separate groups of rats were treated with vehicle (0.9% NaCl, 0.1 mL/100 g, ip) or one of the following agents: atropine (1.0 mg/kg, ip), the NO non-selective inhibitor Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME; 10.0 mg/kg, ip), or the selective cGMP inhibitor 1H-(1,2,4)oxadiazole[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ; 5.0 mg/kg, ip), the i-NOS non-specific inhibitor (aminoguanidine; 10.0 mg/kg, ip), the corticotropin-releasing factor receptor antagonist (astressin; 100 µg/kg, ip), or the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) receptor antagonist Lys1, Pro2,5, Arg3,4, Tyr6 (100 µg/kg, ip). Compared to sedentary rats, both the 2.5 and 5% exercise groups exhibited higher (P<0.05) values of blood lactate and fractional gastric dye recovery. Corticosterone and NO levels increased (P<0.05) in the 5% exercised rats. Pretreatment with astressin, VIP antagonist, atropine, L-NAME, and ODQ prevented the increase in gastric retention caused by exercise in rats. Acute exercise increased gastric retention, a phenomenon that appears to be mediated by the NO-cGMP pathway, CRF, and VIP receptors.
Assuntos
Hormônio Liberador da Corticotropina/metabolismo , Esvaziamento Gástrico/fisiologia , Guanosina Monofosfato/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Condicionamento Físico Animal/fisiologia , Peptídeo Intestinal Vasoativo/metabolismo , Animais , Atropina/farmacologia , Corticosterona/sangue , Hormônio Liberador da Corticotropina/antagonistas & inibidores , Hormônio Liberador da Corticotropina/farmacologia , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Esvaziamento Gástrico/efeitos dos fármacos , Guanosina Monofosfato/antagonistas & inibidores , Ácido Láctico/sangue , Masculino , NG-Nitroarginina Metil Éster/farmacologia , Óxido Nítrico/antagonistas & inibidores , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/farmacologia , Período Pós-Prandial/efeitos dos fármacos , Período Pós-Prandial/fisiologia , Distribuição Aleatória , Ratos Wistar , Valores de Referência , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Comportamento Sedentário , Fatores de Tempo , Peptídeo Intestinal Vasoativo/antagonistas & inibidoresRESUMO
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) isolated from chronic chagasic patients and control individuals in Recife, Brazil were examined for the ability to produce IL-2 in response to concanavalin A (Con A) stimulation. Overall, there was little difference in the range of the response (IL-2 production) between the chagasic and control groups. Within the chagasic group, however, there was a high negative correlation between IL-2 production and the level of anti-parasite antibody. This correlation is thought to be a reflection of the fact that individuals with more recent or more vigorous infections exhibit higher anti-parasite antibody responses but also display a greater degree of immunosuppression, as reflected in depressed IL-2 production.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antiprotozoários/biossíntese , Doença de Chagas/imunologia , Interleucina-2/biossíntese , Trypanosoma cruzi/imunologia , Adulto , Animais , Concanavalina A/farmacologia , Feminino , Humanos , Tolerância Imunológica , Técnicas In Vitro , Leucócitos Mononucleares/imunologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Gingival overgrowth is a common side effect following the administration of cyclosporin A (CsA). The pathogenesis of this condition is not fully understood; however, recent studies show that CsA regulates the transcription of several cytokines including transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1). The aim of this study was to investigate the potential role of TGF-beta1 in the pathogenesis of CsA-induced gingival overgrowth, exploring a possible autocrine stimulation of TGF-beta1 as a cellular regulator of synthesis of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and its tissue inhibitors (TIMPs). METHODS: Gingival fibroblasts from human normal gingiva were incubated with increasing concentrations of CsA, cultured for 24 hours, and the expression and production of TGF-beta1 determined by semiquantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. MMP and TIMP mRNA expression levels were also analyzed by RT-PCR. To determine the effect of TGF-beta1 on the expression of MMP and TIMP by human gingival fibroblasts under CsA treatment, human gingival fibroblast cultures were treated with sense oligonucleotides (SON) or antisense oligonucleotides (AON). RESULTS: CsA simultaneously stimulated TGF-beta1 expression and production and inhibited expression of MMP-1 and MMP-2 by human gingival fibroblasts, whereas CsA has a slight effect on TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 expression. AON reduced TGF-beta1 production as demonstrated by ELISA, whereas TGF-beta1 mRNA expression levels were not significantly modified. The inhibition of TGF-beta1 production by AON modulated MMP expression, demonstrating the autocrine inhibitory effect of TGF-beta1 in CsA-treated human gingival fibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS: The data presented here suggest that TGF-beta1 in an autocrine fashion may contribute to a reduction of proteolytic activity of human gingival fibroblasts in CsA-induced gingival overgrowth, which favors the accumulation of extracellular matrix.
Assuntos
Ciclosporina/farmacologia , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Gengiva/efeitos dos fármacos , Crescimento Excessivo da Gengiva/induzido quimicamente , Crescimento Excessivo da Gengiva/enzimologia , Metaloproteinases da Matriz/biossíntese , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta/fisiologia , Análise de Variância , Células Cultivadas , Regulação para Baixo , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Fibroblastos/efeitos dos fármacos , Fibroblastos/enzimologia , Gengiva/citologia , Gengiva/enzimologia , Humanos , Inibidores de Metaloproteinases de Matriz , Oligonucleotídeos Antissenso/farmacologia , Iniciação Traducional da Cadeia Peptídica/efeitos dos fármacos , RNA Mensageiro/análise , RNA Mensageiro/biossíntese , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Inibidores Teciduais de Metaloproteinases/biossíntese , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta/biossíntese , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta/efeitos dos fármacos , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta1RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Hereditary gingival fibromatosis (HGF) is a rare oral disease characterized by a slow and progressive enlargement of both the maxilla and mandible gingiva. Increased proliferation, elevated synthesis of extracellular matrix, particularly collagen, and reduced levels of matrix metalloproteinases seem to contribute to the pathogenesis of gingival overgrowth in HGF patients. Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) is an important cytokine thought to play a major role in fibrotic disorders such as HGF due to its ability to stimulate the synthesis and reduce the degradation of extracellular matrix. In HGF fibroblasts, TGF-beta1 autocrine stimulation reduces expression and production of matrix metalloproteinases. However, the role of TGF-beta1 in fibroblast growth modulation has not been established in this disease. METHODS: The aim of this study was to confirm the increased proliferation rate of HGF fibroblast cell lines and to explore a possible autocrine role of TGF-beta1 as a cell growth stimulator by blocking production of this endogenous cytokine using 2 well-established systems: antisense oligonucleotides and neutralizing antibodies. RESULTS: Four different cellular proliferation assays, bromodeoxyuridine labeling, argyrophilic nucleolar organizing region staining, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and mitotic indexes, confirmed that fibroblasts from HGF proliferate significantly faster than those from normal gingiva. Antisense oligonucleotides reduced TGF-beta1 production as demonstrated by capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, whereas TGF-beta1 expression levels were not significantly modified. Blocking TGF-beta1 synthesis with oligonucleotides or its activity with specific antibodies resulted in a decreased magnitude of HGF fibroblast proliferation. CONCLUSION: These results are consistent with the existence of an autocrine role of TGF-beta1 as a stimulator of HGF fibroblast proliferation.
Assuntos
Fibromatose Gengival/fisiopatologia , Gengiva/efeitos dos fármacos , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta/genética , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta/farmacologia , Adulto , Análise de Variância , Anticorpos , Comunicação Autócrina/fisiologia , Bromodesoxiuridina/metabolismo , Divisão Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Feminino , Fibroblastos/citologia , Fibroblastos/efeitos dos fármacos , Fibromatose Gengival/genética , Citometria de Fluxo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Gengiva/citologia , Gengiva/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Masculino , Índice Mitótico , Região Organizadora do Nucléolo/patologia , Oligonucleotídeos Antissenso/farmacologia , Antígeno Nuclear de Célula em Proliferação/biossíntese , Biossíntese de Proteínas/efeitos dos fármacos , RNA Mensageiro/análise , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta/antagonistas & inibidores , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta/fisiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The study of the epidemiological aspect of speech-language idiopathic disorders. The profile relates to the prevalence rate among children from 1 to 11 years old. METHOD: The subjects were assessed with regard to speech, language and myofunctional oral aspects. After diagnosis, the subjects were classified according to their principal disorder. Then the disorders were placed in separate age groups. The prevalence rates were applied. RESULTS: The sample for this study included 2,980 children, 125 with primary communicative disorders (prevalence rate = 4.19). The highest general prevalence related to the 3 to 8 year old age-group. The critical phase was that from 4 to 5 years of age. The most prevalent idiopathic speech-language disorders were: articulatory disorders; then oral language delays and myofunctional and neurovegetative disturbances. DISCUSSION: It is important to note that the communication disorder prevalence rate is very significant during childhood. It is a serious problem in Brazil, because although we have more critical cases there are no national preventive programs for these pathologies. It is, therefore, expected that this problem will increase rapidly in the near future if there isn't governmental action.
Assuntos
Transtornos da Linguagem/epidemiologia , Distúrbios da Fala/epidemiologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Transtornos da Linguagem/diagnóstico , Masculino , Prevalência , Distúrbios da Fala/diagnósticoRESUMO
PURPOSE: To compare age specific mortality rates from acute myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular diseases in Brazilian cities with equivalent death rates in other countries. METHODS: Data on Brazilian deaths were obtained from the Health Ministry's Mortality Information System. Data for other countries were obtained from a World Health Organization specialized publication. RESULTS: Nearly 50% of ischemic heart disease deaths among males occurred in men under 65. The equivalent proportion in other countries was 25%. The acute myocardial infarction death rate among men aged 35-44 was 3 times greater than in North America. The Brazilian cardiovascular disease death rates were also higher then in other countries. CONCLUSION: Contrary to what is usually believed, it is not only among old people that cardiovascular diseases are an important cause of death. This suggests that there is a need for specifically designed investigations that take account of the peculiarities of the Brazilian situation, as well as for urgent implementation of targetted risk factor control programs.
Assuntos
Transtornos Cerebrovasculares/mortalidade , Infarto do Miocárdio/mortalidade , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Idoso , Argentina/epidemiologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Chile/epidemiologia , Cuba/epidemiologia , Inglaterra/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Hungria/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Estados Unidos/epidemiologiaRESUMO
We previously found that acute exercise inhibited the gastric emptying of liquid in awake rats by causing an acid-base imbalance. In the present study, we investigated the involvement of the nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (NO-cGMP) pathway, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), and corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) peptide in this phenomenon. Male rats were divided into exercise or sedentary group and were subjected to a 15-min swim session against a load (2.5 or 5% b.w.). The rate of gastric emptying was evaluated after 5, 10, or 20 min postprandially. Separate groups of rats were treated with vehicle (0.9% NaCl, 0.1 mL/100 g, ip) or one of the following agents: atropine (1.0 mg/kg, ip), the NO non-selective inhibitor Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME; 10.0 mg/kg, ip), or the selective cGMP inhibitor 1H-(1,2,4)oxadiazole[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ; 5.0 mg/kg, ip), the i-NOS non-specific inhibitor (aminoguanidine; 10.0 mg/kg, ip), the corticotropin-releasing factor receptor antagonist (astressin; 100 µg/kg, ip), or the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) receptor antagonist Lys1, Pro2,5, Arg3,4, Tyr6 (100 µg/kg, ip). Compared to sedentary rats, both the 2.5 and 5% exercise groups exhibited higher (P<0.05) values of blood lactate and fractional gastric dye recovery. Corticosterone and NO levels increased (P<0.05) in the 5% exercised rats. Pretreatment with astressin, VIP antagonist, atropine, L-NAME, and ODQ prevented the increase in gastric retention caused by exercise in rats. Acute exercise increased gastric retention, a phenomenon that appears to be mediated by the NO-cGMP pathway, CRF, and VIP receptors.
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Hormônio Liberador da Corticotropina/metabolismo , Guanosina Monofosfato/metabolismo , Esvaziamento Gástrico/fisiologia , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Valores de Referência , Atropina/farmacologia , Fatores de Tempo , Corticosterona/sangue , Hormônio Liberador da Corticotropina/antagonistas & inibidores , Hormônio Liberador da Corticotropina/farmacologia , Distribuição Aleatória , Ratos Wistar , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Esvaziamento Gástrico/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: There are interactions between endothelin-1 (ET-1) and endothelial vascular injury in hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here we evaluated the effects of HHcy on the endothelin system in rat carotid arteries. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: Vascular reactivity to ET-1 and ET(A) and ET(B) receptor antagonists was assessed in rings of carotid arteries from normal rats and those with HHcy. ET(A) and ET(B) receptor expression was assessed by mRNA (RT-PCR), immunohistochemistry and binding of [(125)I]-ET-1. KEY RESULTS: HHcy enhanced ET-1-induced contractions of carotid rings with intact endothelium. Selective antagonism of ET(A) or ET(B) receptors produced concentration-dependent rightward displacements of ET-1 concentration response curves. Antagonism of ET(A) but not of ET(B) receptors abolished enhancement in HHcy tissues. ET(A) and ET(B) receptor gene expressions were not up-regulated. ET(A) receptor expression in the arterial media was higher in HHcy arteries. Contractions to big ET-1 served as indicators of endothelin-converting enzyme activity, which was decreased by HHcy, without reduction of ET-1 levels. ET-1-induced Rho-kinase activity, calcium release and influx were increased by HHcy. Pre-treatment with indomethacin reversed enhanced responses to ET-1 in HHcy tissues, which were reduced also by a thromboxane A(2) receptor antagonist. Induced relaxation was reduced by BQ788, absent in endothelium-denuded arteries and was decreased in HHcy due to reduced bioavailability of NO. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Increased ET(A) receptor density plays a fundamental role in endothelial injury induced by HHcy. ET-1 activation of ET(A) receptors in HHcy changed the balance between endothelium-derived relaxing and contracting factors, favouring enhanced contractility.
Assuntos
Artérias Carótidas/fisiopatologia , Endotelina-1/fisiologia , Endotélio Vascular/fisiopatologia , Hiper-Homocisteinemia/metabolismo , Hiper-Homocisteinemia/fisiopatologia , Animais , Ácido Aspártico Endopeptidases/metabolismo , Cálcio/farmacologia , Artérias Carótidas/efeitos dos fármacos , Artérias Carótidas/metabolismo , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Antagonistas do Receptor de Endotelina A , Antagonistas do Receptor de Endotelina B , Endotelina-1/biossíntese , Enzimas Conversoras de Endotelina , Endotélio Vascular/efeitos dos fármacos , Endotélio Vascular/metabolismo , Técnicas In Vitro , Masculino , Metaloendopeptidases/metabolismo , Óxidos de Nitrogênio/metabolismo , Óxidos de Nitrogênio/farmacologia , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Receptor de Endotelina A/biossíntese , Receptor de Endotelina B/agonistas , Receptor de Endotelina B/biossíntese , Vasoconstrição/efeitos dos fármacos , Vasoconstrição/fisiologia , Vasodilatação/efeitos dos fármacos , Vasodilatação/fisiologiaRESUMO
Tuberculosis is one of the major causes of ill health and death worldwide. Nevertheless, tuberculous lesions of the oral cavity are rare and can be a diagnostic challenge, particularly in young immunocompetent patients. Most of the cases are secondary to pulmonary disease and the primary form is uncommon. In this paper, we present a case of primary oral tuberculosis, affecting the floor of mouth in a 13-year-old Brazilian male patient.
Assuntos
Úlceras Orais/patologia , Tuberculose Bucal/patologia , Adolescente , Biópsia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , Masculino , Soalho Bucal , Tuberculose Bucal/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
Approximately 70% of the cDNA clones identified by immunoscreening Leishmania donovani expression libraries with serum from a patient with visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) were found to encode the highly conserved Hsp90 and Hsp70 members of the heat shock protein family. Recombinant fusion proteins containing the C-terminal portions of L. donovani Hsp90 and Hsp70 were used as target antigens in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays of various sera. Sera from four patients with visceral leishmaniasis recognized recombinant Leishmania Hsp90 and Hsp70, while sera from seven patients with Chagas' disease did not, despite the fact that Trypanosoma cruzi Hsp90 and Hsp70 share more than 80% amino acid identity with their counterparts in Leishmania spp. Thus, Leishmania Hsp90 and Hsp70 elicit strong humoral responses and are potential candidates for specific serodiagnostic assays capable of distinguishing between L. donovani and T. cruzi infections.
Assuntos
Doença de Chagas/imunologia , Proteínas de Choque Térmico/genética , Proteínas de Choque Térmico/imunologia , Leishmania donovani/genética , Leishmania donovani/imunologia , Leishmaniose Visceral/imunologia , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Sequência de Bases , DNA de Protozoário/genética , Humanos , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/imunologia , Homologia de Sequência do Ácido Nucleico , Trypanosoma cruzi/genética , Trypanosoma cruzi/imunologiaRESUMO
Using transmission electron microscopy, gold-labeled lectins, morphometry and enzyme-linked lectin assay, we could show that treatment of promastigotes of Leishmania donovani chagasi with trypsin did not interfere with the binding of lectins (concanavalin A, peanut agglutinin, wheat germ agglutinin and Ricinus communis agglutinin) to the parasite surface. These observations are in agreement with results we previously obtained using a biochemical approach. Treatment of fixed promastigotes with 2-mercaptoethanol induced a significant increase in the density of concanavalin A (Con A) receptors on the surface of L. d. chagasi in relation to the control. We suggest that this increase is due to the unfolding of one or more surface glycoproteins after cleavage of disulfide bonds between cystein residues in adjacent protein loops, exposing second-order Con A receptors that are otherwise hidden in the protein quaternary structure.
Assuntos
Glicoproteínas/metabolismo , Leishmania donovani/efeitos dos fármacos , Mercaptoetanol/farmacologia , Tripsina/farmacologia , Animais , Lectinas/metabolismo , Leishmania donovani/ultraestrutura , Microscopia Eletrônica , Receptores Mitogênicos/metabolismoRESUMO
1. Herein, we report the effects of acute or chronic forced swimming on vascular responsiveness to angiotensin (Ang) II. 2. The possible involvement of locally produced substances, such as nitric oxide (NO) and prostanoids, in these effects were studied in rat thoracic aorta and superior mesenteric arteries. 3. Chronic, but not acute, swimming reduced the efficacy (maximal effect; Emax) of AngII in thoracic aorta and mesenteric arteries, either with intact or denuded endothelium. 4. The efficacy of AngII was reduced in the presence of indomethacin in mesenteric arteries, but not in the aorta, from either control or chronically stressed rats. 5. Treatment with NG-monomethyl-l-arginine reversed the effect of chronic stress on the response to AngII, suggesting that chronic stress may increase non-endothelial NO activity in both the aorta and mesenteric arteries. 6. The effects of acute and chronic stress on vascular reactivity were selective for AngII because no changes were observed on the effects of phenylephrine.