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1.
Nutrients ; 14(2)2022 Jan 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35057485

RESUMO

Disturbances in eating behaviors have been widely related to obesity. However, little is known about the role of obesity-related biomarkers in shaping habitual patterns of eating behaviors (i.e., eating styles) in childhood. The objective of the present study was to explore the relationships between several biomarkers crucially involved in obesity (ghrelin, insulin resistance, and leptin/adiponectin ratio) and eating styles in children and adolescents with obesity. Seventy participants aged between 8 and 16 (56.2% men) fulfilled the Spanish version of the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire for Children to measure external, emotional, and restrained eating styles. In addition, concentrations of ghrelin, leptin, adiponectin, insulin, and glucose were obtained through a blood test. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses controlling for age and sex were computed for each eating style. Results indicated that individuals with higher ghrelin concentration levels showed lower scores in restrained eating (ß = -0.61, p < 0.001). The total model explained 32% of the variance of the restrained pattern. No other relationships between obesity-related biomarkers and eating behaviors were found. This study highlights that one of the obesity-risk factors, namely lower plasma ghrelin levels, is substantially involved in a well-known maladaptive eating style, restraint eating, in childhood obesity.


Assuntos
Comportamento do Adolescente/fisiologia , Comportamento Infantil/fisiologia , Comportamento Alimentar/fisiologia , Obesidade Infantil/sangue , Adiponectina/sangue , Adolescente , Biomarcadores/sangue , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Grelina/sangue , Humanos , Resistência à Insulina , Leptina/sangue , Masculino , Análise de Regressão , Fatores de Risco , Espanha , Inquéritos e Questionários
2.
Nutrients ; 12(11)2020 Nov 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33202614

RESUMO

The field of nutrition in early life, as an effective tool to prevent and treat chronic diseases, has attracted a large amount of interest over recent years. The vital roles of food products and nutrients on the body's molecular mechanisms have been demonstrated. The knowledge of the mechanisms and the possibility of controlling them via what we eat has opened up the field of precision nutrition, which aims to set dietary strategies in order to improve health with the greatest effectiveness. However, this objective is achieved only if the genetic profile of individuals and their living conditions are also considered. The relevance of this topic is strengthened considering the importance of nutrition during childhood and the impact on the development of obesity. In fact, the prevalence of global childhood obesity has increased substantially from 1990 and has now reached epidemic proportions. The current narrative review presents recent research on precision nutrition and its role on the prevention and treatment of obesity during pediatric years, a novel and promising area of research.


Assuntos
Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Obesidade Infantil/prevenção & controle , Obesidade Infantil/terapia , Medicina de Precisão/tendências , Adolescente , Criança , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Infantil , Pré-Escolar , Dieta Saudável , Comportamento Alimentar , Feminino , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Metabolômica , Nutrigenômica , Estado Nutricional , Gravidez
3.
Chemosphere ; 239: 124672, 2020 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31494319

RESUMO

Environmental factors such as temperature and light are the most determinants in the photosynthetic productivity in microalgae. However, under extreme of these conditions, certain resistant microalgae strains possess additional abilities such as growth in the presence of high concentrations of metals and some can improve in combinations of more than one abiotic stress. Therefore, the aim of this research was to evaluate the efficiency in photosynthetic production through the oxygen balance to variations in photon intensity, and under temperature changes in a Cd-resistant strain (DcRCd100) compared to the wild-type strain (Dc1Mwt) of Dictyosphaerium chlorelloides. The results showed that the DcRCd100 strain has the maximum efficiency at 200  µmol m-2 s-1 on photosynthesis net (Pn) (96.32 ±â€¯3.63% nmol O2 ml-1 min-1) as the threshold light saturation, and an adaptation to maintain this maximum photosynthetic gross (Pg) rate at 30 °C (94.99 ±â€¯10.03% nmol O2 ml-1 min-1) due to possible modifications in the photosynthetic apparatus that is reflected in the net evolution rate of O2 to deal with such evaluated conditions. While, Dc1Mwt strain its maximum photosynthetic efficiency was at 300 µmol m-2 s-1 and 21 °C (97.72 ±â€¯2.99 and 99.85 ±â€¯0.30%nmol O2 ml-1 min-1, respectively) and in optimal response to the oxygen balance that is normally achieved by this mesophilic genus. These results provide a new prediction of mechanisms in the oxygen evolution in photosynthesis that rules the correlation between resistance and adaptation to extreme abiotic conditions in metal resistant strains of eukaryotic microalgae.


Assuntos
Cádmio/toxicidade , Chlorella/efeitos dos fármacos , Microalgas/efeitos dos fármacos , Fotossíntese/efeitos dos fármacos , Poluentes Químicos da Água/toxicidade , Adaptação Fisiológica/fisiologia , Chlorella/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Microalgas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Oxigênio/metabolismo , Taxa Respiratória
4.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33038833

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Cystic fibrosis (CF) patients have an alteration in fatty acid (FA) metabolism, associated with increased omega-6 and low omega-3 FA. Previous studies on supplementation with omega-3 FA in CF had contradictory results, and to date there is no evidence to recommend routine use of omega-3 supplements in CF patients. We hypothesized that long-term supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) will have beneficial effects in these patients, by reducing pulmonary, systemic and intestinal inflammation. METHODS: This was a randomized, double-blind, parallel, placebo-controlled trial. CF patients (age >2 months) were randomized to receive a seaweed DHA oil solution (50 mg/Kg/day) or matching placebo for 48 weeks. Primary outcomes were pulmonary (interleukin [IL]-8), systemic (IL-8) and intestinal (calprotectin) inflammatory biomarkers. Secondary outcomes included other pulmonary (IL-1ß, IL-6, neutrophil elastase, lactate and calprotectin) and systemic (serum-IL-1ß, IL-6) inflammatory biomarkers, as well as clinical outcomes (FEV1, pulmonary exacerbations, antibiotic use, nutritional status and quality of life). RESULTS: Ninety six CF patients, 44 female, age 14.6±11.9 years (48 DHA and 48 placebo) were included. At trial completion, there were no differences in all primary outcomes [serum-IL-8 (p=0.909), respiratory-IL-8 (p=0.384) or fecal calprotectin (p=0.948)], all secondary inflammatory biomarkers, or in any of the clinical outcomes evaluated. There were few adverse events, with similar incidence in both study groups. CONCLUSION: In this study, long-term DHA supplementation in CF patients was safe, but did not offer any benefit on inflammatory biomarkers, or in clinical outcomes compared with placebo. (NCT01783613).


Assuntos
Fibrose Cística , Citocinas/sangue , Ácidos Docosa-Hexaenoicos/administração & dosagem , Ácido Láctico/sangue , Elastase de Leucócito/sangue , Complexo Antígeno L1 Leucocitário/metabolismo , Adolescente , Adulto , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Fibrose Cística/tratamento farmacológico , Fibrose Cística/metabolismo , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Fatores de Tempo
5.
Pediatr Infect Dis J ; 32(10): 1066-9, 2013 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23722530

RESUMO

AIM: To determine whether the treatment with oseltamivir improves the outcome of children with confirmed influenza infection and no other underlying disease. METHODS: Multicentric, retrospective study performed in 10 hospitals of Madrid between September 2010 and June 2012. All children admitted to the hospitals with confirmed influenza infections were eligible. Children with risk factors for serious disease and nosocomial influenza infections were excluded. Asthma was not considered an exclusion factor. The study compared patients treated and untreated with oseltamivir. Fever duration, oxygen support, antibiotics administration, length of hospital stay, intensive care admission and bacterial complications were analyzed. To compare variables, χ(2) test, Fisher exact test, ANOVA or Mann-Whitney U test were used. RESULTS: Two hundred eighty-seven children were included and 93 of them were treated with oseltamivir (32%). There were no significant differences between treated and untreated patients in days of fever after admission (1.7 ± 2; 2.1 ± 2.9, P > 0.05), length of stay (5.2 ± 3.6; 5.5 ± 3.4, P > 0.05), days of hypoxia (1.6 ± 2.3; 2.1 ± 2.9, P > 0.05), diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia (10%; 17%, P > 0.05), intensive care admission (6.5%; 1.5%,P > 0.05) or antibiotic prescription (44%; 51%, P > 0.05). There were no differences when the population was stratified by age (below or over 1 year) or by the presence or absence of asthma. CONCLUSIONS: There were no proven benefits of treatment with oseltamivir in hospitalized pediatric patients without the underlying diseases or risk factors for developing a serious illness, including those with asthma.


Assuntos
Antivirais/uso terapêutico , Influenza Humana/tratamento farmacológico , Oseltamivir/uso terapêutico , Análise de Variância , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Febre/virologia , Hospitalização , Humanos , Lactente , Tempo de Internação , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos
6.
Influenza Other Respir Viruses ; 5(6): e544-51, 2011 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21781285

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of children hospitalized with 2009 pandemic influenza (pH1N1) in Madrid, Spain. PATIENTS/METHODS: We included patients less than 14 years of age admitted to one of 18 hospitals in Madrid, Spain, between May 1 and November 30, 2009 and diagnosed with pH1N1 by polymerase chain reaction. A retrospective chart review was conducted and data were compared by age, presence of high-risk medical conditions, and pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission. RESULTS: A total of 517 pH1N1 cases were included for final analysis. One hundred and forty-two patients (27·5%) had predisposing underlying illnesses, with immunosuppression (36 children, 7%) and moderate persistent asthma (34, 6·6%) being the most common ones. Patients with underlying medical conditions had longer hospital stays [median 5, interquartile range (IQR) 3-8 days, versus median 4, IQR 3-6, P < 0·001] and required intensive care (20·4% versus 5·9%, P < 0·001) and mechanical ventilation more frequently than previously healthy children. Globally, intensive care was required for 51 patients (10%) and invasive mechanical ventilation for 12 (2%). Pediatric intensive care unit admission was significantly associated with abnormal initial chest X-ray [Odds Ratio (OR) 3·5, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·5-8·5], underlying neurological condition (OR 3·1, CI 1·2-7·5) and immunosuppression (OR 2·9, 1·2-6·8). Five patients (0·9%) died; two with severe neurological disease, two with leukemia, and one with a malignant solid tumor. CONCLUSIONS: Children with underlying medical conditions experienced more severe pH1N1 disease. Risk factors for admission to the PICU included underlying neurological conditions, immunosuppression and abnormal initial chest X-ray.


Assuntos
Hospitalização/estatística & dados numéricos , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N1/isolamento & purificação , Influenza Humana/epidemiologia , Pandemias , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N1/genética , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N1/fisiologia , Influenza Humana/complicações , Influenza Humana/virologia , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica/estatística & dados numéricos , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Espanha/epidemiologia
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