On-site treatment of a motorway service area wastewater using a package sequencing batch reactor (SBR).

A sequencing batch reactor (SBR) treating the effluent of a motorway service station in the south of England situated on a major tourist route was investigated. Wastewater from the kitchens, toilets and washrooms facilities was collected from the areas on each side of the motorway for treatment on-site. The SBR was designed for a population equivalent (p.e.) of 500, assuming an average flow of 100 m3/d, influent biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) of 300 mg/l, and influent suspended solids (SS) of 300 mg/l. Influent monitoring over 8 weeks revealed that the average flow was only 65 m3/d and the average influent BOD and SS were 480 mg/l and 473 mg/l respectively. This corresponded to a high sludge loading rate (F:M) of 0.42 d(-1) which accounted for poor performance. Therefore the cycle times were extended from 6 h to 7 h and effluent BOD improved from 79 to 27 mg/l.

Long-term hospitalization and beta-mimetic therapy in the treatment of intrauterine growth retardation of unknown etiology.

A group of 98 third trimester pregnant women whose ultrasonographic studies raised the suspicion of intrauterine fetal growth retardation was studied. The patients were randomly assigned to two groups: Group A (Treatment group: 44 patients) and Group B (Control group: 54 patients). All patients were admitted to the hospital upon diagnosis for baseline evaluation. Those in Group A remained in the hospital until delivery (mean stay 15 +/- 5 days) and received treatment with 10 mg/t.i.d. of p.o. ritodrine. Group B patients were discharged after an average stay of 7 +/- 3 days. This group was not treated with ritodrine, and they were seen weekly in an outpatient setting. The prevalence of low-birth-weight infants for their gestational age was 47.73% in the treatment group and 40.74% in the control group. Of the deliveries in the treatment group, 40.9% were induced (half for fetal indications). In the control group 35.18% of the induced labors was (47.35% for fetal indications). Of the cases in the treatment group 18.18% were delivered by cesarean section, of which 62.5% were performed for fetal distress. The control group showed similar figures: 16.66% cesarean sections with 77.7% of them done for fetal distress. We observed an incidence of 20.45% of acute fetal distress in the study group against 12.96% in the control group. Such a difference is not statistically significant. The group under study demonstrated a rate of 6.82% pathological pH value in the umbilical artery, while the rate of abnormal values in the control group was 18.52%. In both groups, the greatest percentage of acidotic pH was observed in patients with IGR.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

[Acute mountain sickness at 3500 and 4250 m. A study of symptom, incidence and severity]. / Mal agudo de montaña a 3.500 y 4.250 m: un estudio de la incidencia y severidad de la sintomatología.

BACKGROUND: Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS) refers to signs and symptoms associated with hypobaric hypoxia. Its reported incidence is highly variable. AIM: To determine the incidence of AMS symptoms and severity at 3,500 and 4,250 m above sea level. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A population of 362 soldiers without former exposure to altitude was studied. AMS symptoms, were assessed by an extensively used standard questionnaire (Lake Louise), applied 36-72 hours after exposure to high altitude. RESULTS: A group of 200 recruits ascended to Putre (3,500 m) and a second group (162) ascended to Alto Pacollo (4,250 m). The incidence of AMS was 28% and 60% respectively (p < 0.05). Headaches and sleeping difficulties were the most frequent symptoms at both altitudes. Furthermore, severe digestive problems and dizziness were described in a high proportion of individuals at both 3,500 and 4,250 m. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of AMS in this study is similar to that reported elsewhere at equivalent altitudes.

Tratamiento de una maloclusión severa con gran asimetría, mordida abierta lateral y patrón dolicofacial / Treatment of severe malocclusion with great asymmetry, lateral open bite and dolichofacial type

Se presenta un caso de maloclusión muy severa, con gran asimetría, mordida abierta lateral derecha y un patrón esquelético muy dolicofacial. Se realizó la corrección de la mordida abierta lateral y de la asimetría con un tratamiento ortodóncico sin extracciones mediante compensaciones dentoalveolares y la reeducación del hábito de interposición lingual, todo ello con especial cuidado de mantener lo más posible el eje facial de crecimiento. Se empleó aparatología fija de arco de canto (0,018 × 0,025") con la prescripción de Hilgers, barra palatina y arco lingual, arcos de nivelación y alineamiento, elásticos de clase y verticales durante 18 meses y arcos pentamórficos superior e inferior. La duración del tratamiento activo fue de 3 años y 3 meses. Como retención se empleó placa de Hawley maxilar nocturna (1 año) y retenedor lingual fijo de 33 a 43 (2 años y 3 meses). Los resultados fueron los siguientes: escasa modificación en el patrón de crecimiento y en la relación esquelética de Clase II, con importantes cambios a nivel dentoalveolar que corrigen la total asimetría de los planos oclusales tanto en el sentido anteroposterior como vertical y proporcionan una oclusión bastante correcta de Clase I molar y canina, con cierre de la mordida abierta lateral. El aspecto estético facial se mantiene, mejorando la estética dental y de sonrisa. Funcionalmente se obtuvo una correcta relación incisal y canina. Este caso fue presentado en la XLII Reunión de la Sociedad Española de Ortodoncia formando parte de los requisitos necesarios para acceder a la condición de miembro diplomado (AU)