RESUMO
Polymethoxyflavanoids (PMFs) have exhibited a vast array of therapeutic biological properties. 5-O-Demethylnobiletin (5-DN) is one such PMF having anti-inflammatory activity, yet its role in hepatoprotection has not been studied before. Results from in vitro study revealed that 5-DN did not exert a high level of cytotoxicity on HepG2 cells at 40 µM, and it was able to rescue HepG2 cell death induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Subsequently, we investigated acute liver injury on BALB/c mice induced by CCl4 through the intraperitoneal injection of 1 mL/kg CCl4 and co-administration of 5-DN at (1 and 2 mg/kg) by oral gavage for 15 days. The results illustrated that treatment with 5-DN attenuated CCl4-induced elevated serum aminotransferase (AST)/alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ratio and significantly ameliorated severe hepatic damage such as inflammation and fibrosis evidenced through lesser aberrations in the liver histology of 5-DN dose groups. Additionally, 5-DN efficiently counteracted and equilibrated the production of ROS accelerated by CCl4 and dramatically downregulated the expression of CYP2E1 vitally involved in converting CCl4 to toxic free radicals and also enhanced the antioxidant enzymes. 5-DN treatment also inhibited cell proliferation and inflammatory pathway abnormally regulated by CCl4 treatment. Furthermore, the apoptotic response induced by CCl4 treatment was remarkably reduced by enhanced Bcl-2 expression and noticeable reduction in Bax, Bid, cleaved caspase 3, caspase 9, and apaf-1 expression. 5-DN treatment also induced the conversion of LC3 and promoted the autophagic flux. Conclusively, 5-DN exhibited hepatoprotective effects in vitro and in vivo and prevented liver fibrosis induced by CCl4.
Assuntos
Apoptose , Autofagia , Doença Hepática Induzida por Substâncias e Drogas/tratamento farmacológico , Flavonas/farmacologia , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Tetracloreto de Carbono , Colágeno/metabolismo , Citocromo P-450 CYP2E1/metabolismo , Células Hep G2 , Humanos , Inflamação/patologia , Peroxidação de Lipídeos , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Sistema de Sinalização das MAP Quinases , Masculino , Malondialdeído/metabolismo , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Tamanho do Órgão , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disease accompanied with chronic papulosquamous lesions and multiple comorbidities that considerably affect patients' quality of life. In order to develop an enhanced therapeutic strategy for psoriasis, 5-demethylnobiletin (5-DN), a kind of polymethoxyflavones (PMFs) with high anti-inflammatory activity, was delivered in vitro and in vivo by the nanocarrier of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) both in the human keratinocytes HaCaT cell line and the mouse model with psoriasis-like lesions. The drug-loaded nanocarrier system (MSNs@5-DN) significantly improved the biocompatibility and bioavailability of 5-DN. Investigations at cell biological, histopathological, and molecular levels revealed the pharmacological mechanism of the drug delivery system, including the inhibition of inflammatory responses by downregulating the proinflammatory cytokine levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). The upregulation of antiinflammatory cytokine of transforming growth factor-ß1 (TGF-ß1) and microRNA-17-5p, a critical regulator of the PTEN/AKT pathway, was also observed. The psoriasis-like lesions were markedly ameliorated in the mouse models treated with MSNs@5-DN. The designed drug-loading system shows an enhanced therapeutic outcome for psoriasis-like lesion compared with free 5-DN. This study revealed the synergistic effect of functionalized MSNs loaded with PMFs on the clinical treatment of human psoriasis.
Assuntos
MicroRNAs , Nanopartículas , Psoríase , Animais , Camundongos , Humanos , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio , Dióxido de Silício/química , Qualidade de Vida , Nanopartículas/química , Psoríase/tratamento farmacológico , Citocinas , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , PorosidadeRESUMO
The impact of nanoemulsions containing triglycerides with different fatty acid chain lengths on the bioavailability of a highly lipophilic bioactive: 5-demethylnobiletin (5-DN) was investigated. 5-DN was encapsulated in nanoemulsions fabricated using either medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) or long-chain triglycerides (LCT). They were then subjected to in vitro digestion, and the resulting mixed micelles was applied to a Caco-2 cell model. Higher 5-DN bioaccessibility was found for the MCT-nanoemulsion (13%) than for the LCT-nanoemulsion (7%). However, only 30% 5-DN in MCT crossed the Caco-2 monolayer and 50% was metabolized, while 60% 5-DN in LCT crossed the monolayer and only 10% was metabolized. More lipid droplets and chylomicrons were also formed for the LCT nanoemulsions, indicating greater 5-DN transported through lymph. Although MCT gave a higher 5-DN bioaccessibility, the final amount of 5-DN absorbed and transported to the lymph was inferior to that of the LCT formulation.