[Personal resources relevant to psychological well-being in nursing]. / Recursos personales relevantes para el bienestar psicológico en el personal de enfermería.

AIMS: To determine differences in social support, resilience, coping, and psychological well-being (PWB) among intensive care nursing and nursing staff of other hospital services, as well as to establish a structural model in these professionals where relevant personal resources to PWB were included. METHOD: Correlational and cross-sectional study. A sample of 208 nursing professionals from University Hospital of Fuenlabrada (Madrid) took part in the study. This sample consisted of nurses (n=133), nursing assistants (n=61), and midwives (n=14), of whom 44 worked in intensive care unit, 50 in other special units, and 114 in wards. INSTRUMENTS: Social Support Subscale, 10-Item CD-RISC (resilience), Brief-Cope (coping), Scales of PWB, and sociodemographic variables. RESULTS: No differences were found in any assessed psychological variables as regards hospital service worked in. A structural model was found and showed that social support, resilience, and coping determined PWB of nursing professionals. The most important personal resource was coping strategies, which determined PWB directly (ß=0.68). Social support influenced PWB directly (ß=0.33), and indirectly (ß=0.32), whereas resilience influenced it indirectly (ß=0.57). CONCLUSIONS: Differences in PWB, coping, social support and resilience are not determined by hospital service. Coping strategies focused on engagement (or adaptive), social support, and resilience, constitute three relevant personal resources that determine the PWB of nursing staff, which can be developed and improved by specific programs. The most important PWB dimensions are self-acceptance and environment mastery.

The factors that influence the adaptation process 6 months after a stroke: A path analysis.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to identify the determinant factors that influence the adaptation process and quality of life after a stroke. METHODS: This study is an observational study using a cross-sectional design. Respondents were patients who were 6 months post-discharge after non-hemorrhagic strokae and their family caregivers. Information about respondents was taken from medical record data at two regional general hospitals in West Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. A total of 80 patients were selected using a consecutive sampling method. Theoretical models of patient and caregiver factors that influence adaptation responses and post-stroke quality of life were tested using path analysis. RESULT: Caregiver coping, self-efficacy, and illness acceptance had a direct effect on the post-stroke psychosocial adaptation response by 58.1%, with self-efficacy contributing the most (ß = 0.668, P < .0001). Self-efficacy, illness acceptance, and healthy behavior had a direct effect on the physiological adaptation response by 24.3%, where self-efficacy also contributed the most (ß = 0.272, P < .014). Psychosocial adaptation and physiological adaptation had a direct effect on the quality of life by 54.6%, where psychosocial adaptation showed the largest contribution (ß = 0.63, P < .0001). CONCLUSION: Self-efficacy contributes the most to both psychosocial and physiological adaptations 6 months after stroke. Psychosocial adaptation and self-efficacy have been proven to be the determinant factors that contribute the most to the quality of life of patients 6 months after stroke.

[Professional and psychological impact of second victims among hospital healthcare professionals]. / Impacto laboral y psicológico de las segundas víctimas entre los profesionales sanitarios hospitalarios.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the occupational and psychological consequences suffered by healthcare workers who are considered second victims (SV). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study among the healthcare workers of a university hospital. The answers collected in a specifically designed questionnaire about psychological consequences at work and the result of a post-traumatic stress scale, "Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R, spanish version)" were evaluated. The variables between the groups were compared using the Chi square test (or Fisher's exact test) when both were qualitative and with the Student's T (or the Mann-Whitney U test for independent data), when one of them was quantitative. The level of statistical significance was P<.05. RESULTS: 75.5% (148/207) of the participants in the study suffered some adverse event (AE) and, of these, 88.5% (131/148) were considered SV. Physicians had a 2.2 times higher risk of feeling SV than nurses (95% CI: 1.88-2.52). The impact on the patient related to the AE explained why the professionals involved in it felt SV (P=.037). 80.6% (N=104) of the SVs presented post-traumatic stress. Women were 2.4 times more likely to suffer from it (OR: 2.4; 95% CI: 1.5-4.0). Intrusive thoughts in the SV were almost three times more frequent when the damage suffered by the patient was permanent or death (OR: 2.5; 95% CI: 0.2-3.6). CONCLUSIONS: Many healthcare workers, especially physicians, considered themselves to be SV, and many of them suffered from post-traumatic stress. The impact on the patient related to the AE was a risk factor for being SV and for suffering psychological consequences.

[The effective post-stroke adaptation behavior model requires a family support system]. / El efectivo modelo de comportamiento de adaptación postapoplejía requiere un sistema de apoyo familiar.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to explain the effective post-stroke adaptation behavior based on the Roy's adaptation model (RAM) through the patient experiences when undergoing the adaptation process after stroke. METHODS: This study was qualitative used a phenomenological approach. The participants were patients undergoing post-stroke recovery at home with the following inclusion criteria: post-discharge from the hospital 2-3 months, and in stable medical condition. The data were collected through in-depth interviews. The data analysis was performed through content analysis. We used Lincoln and Guba's criteria to establish the trustworthiness of the study. RESULTS: Three thematic categories structured the meaning of the stroke survivor's experience: (1) Problems after stroke; (2) Adaptive coping strategies and (3) Effective adaptation response. CONCLUSION: A thematic analysis integrated with Roy's adaptation model generated an effective post-stroke adaptation model. We recommend the development of a family empowerment intervention framework to improve the adaptation behavior of stroke survivors.

Experiences and needs of patients undergoing clinical isolation. Phenomenological-hermeneutic study.

OBJECTIVE: To know the experience lived by people subjected to hospital isolation, as well as to recognize the most significant needs expressed during this process. METHOD: Qualitative study from a phenomenological-hermeneutical approach. The study participants were patients subjected to hospital isolation during their admission to the trauma ward of the Vall d'Hebron University Hospital. Six in-depth interviews were conducted and recorded by audio. The data was analyzed using a thematic content analysis. RESULTS: The feedback from the participants in this study was essential to understand the experience lived by people subjected to hospital isolation. These perceptions were listed in the format of 5 categories related to the following experiences: loneliness, perception of "feeling like the last one", lack of communication, resilience and lack of attention and 3 categories related to their needs. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that isolation requires compliance with a series of rules and restrictions in the hospital setting that, despite its therapeutic purposes, can promote negative feelings. Based on the results of our research, we conclude that an effort should be made to improve actions aimed at minimizing these feelings in situations of isolation.

The effective post-stroke adaptation behavior model requires a family support system.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to explain the effective post-stroke adaptation behavior based on the Roy's adaptation model (RAM) through the patient experiences when undergoing the adaptation process after stroke. METHODS: This study was qualitative used a phenomenological approach. The participants were patients undergoing post-stroke recovery at home with the following inclusion criteria: post-discharge from the hospital 2-3 months, and in stable medical condition. The data were collected through in-depth interviews. The data analysis was performed through content analysis. We used Lincoln and Guba's criteria to establish the trustworthiness of the study. RESULTS: Three thematic categories structured the meaning of the stroke survivor's experience: (1) Problems after stroke; (2) Adaptive coping strategies and (3) Effective adaptation response. CONCLUSION: A thematic analysis integrated with Roy's adaptation model generated an effective post-stroke adaptation model. We recommend the development of a family empowerment intervention framework to improve the adaptation behavior of stroke survivors.

[Influence of the caregiver on the cognitive and functional decline of people with dementia: A systematic review]. / Influencia del cuidador en el declive cognitivo y funcional de personas con demencia: revisión sistemática.

Dementia is a neurodegenerative disease that requires the accompaniment of a caregiver who is in charge of assisting and supervising basic and psychosocial needs. The objective of this article was to determine the influence of the caregiver on the cognitive and functional decline of patients with dementia. The method was a systematic review by searching the Scopus, Pubmed and Science Direct databases between the years 2010-2020. In conclusion, the informal caregiver condition was the most reported by the investigations, generally assumed by wives and children; Caregiver characteristics such as personality, subjective interpretations of the functional status of adults with dementia, and caregivers' coping strategies were associated with a decrease in the rate of cognitive and functional impairment of people with dementia.

Living with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A story conditioned by the symptoms. / Vivir con una enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica: una historia condicionada por los síntomas.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the meaning of the experience of people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. METHOD: A qualitative approach study rooted in hermeneutic phenomenology. In-depth interviews were conducted with 10 people with critical and severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. RESULTS: The findings obtained are described in three emerging topics and their consequent subtopics, which describe the process of the disease focusing on five subtopics related to awareness of the disease, the choking characteristic of the disease and tiredness as daily unpleasant symptoms, as well as choking as a death threat, rejection of oxygen dependency and coping systems to control the disease. In the second topic, family support with two subtopics are described: the loss of the patient's role, the burden of care; and the third topic concerns the support of health system on two subtopics: medical care and nursing care. CONCLUSION: The symptoms and functional changes in general, denote a different meaning not only in everyday life, but also in times of exacerbation of the condition. Likewise, changes in lifestyle due to the loss of roles and health care processes are revealed, as experiences that do not allow effective coping and adaptation.

Transition to parenthood: consequences on health and well-being. A qualitative study.

OBJECTIVE: Parenthood is one of the most dramatic developmental transitions in the family life cycle. It requires profound changes in lifestyle, roles and relationships, can increase stress levels and affects both men and women's quality of life. This study aimed to explore the effects on the health and well-being of parents during the first six months of transition to the parental role. METHOD: A qualitative study using the grounded theory approach. Data collection was from semi-structured interviews (total of 60 interviews). The constant comparative method was used and theoretical sampling in the process of data collection and analysis, and the study was undertaken in a simultaneous and cyclical way. Five fathers and five mothers (couples) participated. RESULTS: The category "living on the edge of one's capacities" was described, which is composed of the subcategories "feeling exhaustion", "perceiving exhaustion in the mother", "overflowing emotions" and "feeling less exhaustion", to explain the impact that the birth of a child had on the parents' lives, when taking on all the tasks and responsibilities of parenthood. CONCLUSIONS: Adapting to parenthood is not easy, linear or fast. It involves numerous situations that generate stress and emotional disturbance, linked to tiredness, sleep disturbance, work overload and readjustments of the dynamics of life, which especially affect the mother. Antenatal and postnatal preparation for this impact should, therefore, be encouraged and effective, as a focus of nursing intervention.

Sentido de coherencia en mujeres lactantes: una revisión de alcance / Sense of coherence in breastfeeding women: A scoping review

Fundamento. El establecimiento de la lactancia materna puede resultar una situación potencialmente estresante. El objetivo del estudio es analizar el sentido de coherencia en mujeres lactantes, establecer los recursos generales de resistencia que lo modulan, y determinar las intervenciones profesionales que lo promueven. Metodología. Se incluyeron estudios en inglés, español o portugués, que evaluaran el sentido de coherencia de las mujeres lactantes, localizados en las bases de datos PubMed, PsycINFO, ScienceDirect y CINAHL entre marzo y mayo de 2023. La calidad de los estudios y el riesgo de sesgo se evaluaron siguiendo los criterios ICROMS y STROBE. Resultados. Se identificaron 316 registros, de los que se incluyeron un total de ocho estudios, tres cualitativos y cinco cuantitativos, todos con calidad suficiente. Un alto nivel de sentido de coherencia materno se relacionó con mayor duración, autoeficacia y disfrute de la experiencia de lactancia, y mayor apego. Los principales recursos generales de resistencia fueron percibir apoyo social, especialmente de parejas, madres y personal sanitario, además de experiencia previa positiva y una actitud positiva. Las intervenciones que favorecieron el sentido de coherencia fueron las relacionadas con un apoyo profesional estrecho, empático, personalizado, integral y centrado en la familia. Conclusiones. La determinación del nivel de sentido de coherencia en madres lactantes puede ayudar a identificar a mujeres con mayor riesgo de destete temprano, y a establecer estrategias de intervención profesional que mejoren la experiencia de lactancia materna. (AU)

Background. The establishment of breastfeeding may sometimes be stressful. We aimed to analyze the sense of coherence in lactating women to determine the general resistance resources during lactation and the professional interventions that promote a high sense of coherence. Methods. A search of studies in English, Spanish, or Portuguese on lactating women's sense of coherence was carried out in PubMed, PsycINFO, ScienceDirect, and CINAH databases published between May and November 2022. Study quality and risk of bias were examined according to ICROMS and STROBE criteria. Results. We identified 316 studies, of which eight -all of adequate quality- were included, three qualitative and five quantitative. A high level of maternal sense of coherence was related to longer duration, self-efficacy, attachment, and enjoyment of the breastfeeding experience. The main general resistance resources were to receive social support, particularly from partners, mothers, and health professionals. The interventions that favored the sense of coherence were mainly those related to a close, empathic, personalized, comprehensive, and family-centered professional support. Conclusions. The detection of the level of sense of coherence in lactating mothers may help identify women with a higher risk of weaning and establish professional intervention strategies that improve the breastfeeding experience. (AU)

[Caregiver's health: adaption and validation in a Spanish population of the Experience of Caregiving Inventory (ECI)]. / Salud del cuidador: adaptación y validación del cuestionario Experience of Caregiving Inventory (ECI) en población española.

OBJECTIVE: To adapt and to validate the Experience of Caregiving Inventory (ECI) in a Spanish population, providing empirical evidence of its internal consistency, internal structure and validity. METHOD: Psychometric validation of the adapted version of the ECI. One hundred and seventy-two caregivers (69.2% women), mean age 57.51 years (range: 21-89) participated. Demographic and clinical data, standardized measures (ECI, suffering scale of SCL-90-R, Zarit burden scale) were used. The two scales of negative evaluation of the ECI most related to serious mental disorders (disruptive behaviours [DB] and negative symptoms [NS]) and the two scales of positive appreciation (positive personal experiences [PPE], and good aspects of the relationship [GAR]) were analyzed. Exploratory structural equation modelling was used to analyze the internal structure. The relationship between the ECI scales and the SCL-90-R and Zarit scores was also studied. RESULTS: The four-factor model presented a good fit. Cronbach's alpha (DB: 0.873; NS: 0.825; PPE: 0.720; GAR: 0.578) showed a higher homogeneity in the negative scales. The SCL-90-R scores correlated with the negative ECI scales, and none of the ECI scales correlated with the Zarit scale. CONCLUSIONS: The Spanish version of the ECI can be considered a valid, reliable, understandable and feasible self-report measure for its administration in the health and community context.

Estresse ocupacional e estratégias de coping de enfermeiros e técnicos de enfermagem durante a pandemia de COVID-19 / Nurses' and nursing technicians' occupational stress and coping strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic / Estrés ocupacional y estrategias de afrontamiento de enfermeros y técnicos de enfermería durante la pandemia de COVID-19

Objetivos: avaliar os fatores geradores do estresse ocupacional dos enfermeiros e técnicos de enfermagem atuantes no cuidado direto aos pacientes acometidos pela COVID-19, durante a pandemia, e verificar sua relação com estratégias de coping adotadas pela equipe de enfermagem. Métodos: estudo transversal analítico, realizado em um hospital no interior do estado de São Paulo. A amostra de conveniência (n = 112) foi constituída por profissionais de enfermagem que responderam ao Inventário de Estresse de Enfermeiros e Inventário de Respostas de Coping no Trabalho. Para as análises inferenciais foram utilizados os testes Qui-quadrado ou Exato de Fisher, o teste de Mann-Whitney e o teste de Spearman (p < 0,05). Resultados: verificou-se elevado nível de estresse ocupacional em enfermeiros (M = 106,0; DP ± 23,1) e técnicos de enfermagem (M = 98,5; DP ± 25,1), com maior pontuação de enfermeiros para fatores intrínsecos ao trabalho, em comparação com técnicos de enfermagem. As relações interpessoais foram a principal fonte de estresse. As estratégias de coping com maiores médias foram as respostas de enfrentamento tanto para enfermeiros (M = 43,2; DP ± 8,5) quanto para os técnicos de enfermagem (M = 41,4; DP ± 9,1). Conclusões: a identificação dos fatores de estresse ocupacional e das estratégias de coping, bem como, suas repercussões no contexto laboral trouxeram contribuições importantes para entender a realidade contextual.

Objectives: to assess the factors that generate occupational stress among nurses and nursing technicians working in direct care for patients affected by COVID-19 during the pandemic and verify their relationship with coping strategies adopted by the nursing staff. Methods: an analytical cross-sectional study, carried out at a hospital in the countryside of the state of São Paulo. The convenience sample (n = 112) consisted of nursing professionals who answered the Nurses' Stress Inventory and the Coping Responses Inventory for Working Settings. For inferential analyses, chi-square test or Fisher's exact test, Mann-Whitney test and Spearman test were used (p < 0.05). Results: there was a high level of occupational stress in nurses (M = 106.0; SD ± 23.1) and nursing technicians (M = 98.5; SD ± 25.1), with higher scores among nurses for factors intrinsic to work compared to nursing technicians. Interpersonal relationships were the main source of stress. The coping strategies with the highest means were coping responses for both nurses (M = 43.2; SD ± 8.5) and nursing technicians (M = 41.4; SD ± 9.1). Conclusions: the identification of occupational stress factors and coping strategies and their repercussions at work brought important contributions to understanding the contextual reality.

Objetivos: evaluar los factores que generan estrés ocupacional entre enfermeros y técnicos de enfermería que actúan en el cuidado directo de pacientes afectados por COVID-19, durante la pandemia, y verificar su relación con las estrategias de afrontamiento adoptadas por el equipo de enfermería. Métodos: estudio analítico transversal, realizado en un hospital del interior del estado de São Paulo. La muestra por conveniencia (n = 112) estuvo compuesta por profesionales de enfermería que respondieron el Nurses' Stress Inventory y el Coping at Work Response Inventory. Para los análisis inferenciales, se utilizaron las pruebas de chi-cuadrado o exacta de Fisher, Mann-Whitney y Spearman (p < 0,05). Resultados: hubo un alto nivel de estrés ocupacional en enfermeros (M = 106,0; DE ± 23,1) y técnicos de enfermería (M = 98,5; DE ± 25,1), con puntuaciones más altas entre los enfermeros para factores intrínsecos al trabajo, en comparación con los técnicos de enfermería. Las relaciones interpersonales fueron la principal fuente de estrés. Las estrategias de afrontamiento con mayores promedios fueron las respuestas de afrontamiento tanto de enfermeros (M = 43,2; DE ± 8,5) como de técnicos de enfermería (M = 41,4; DE ± 9,1). Conclusiones: la identificación de factores de estrés ocupacional y estrategias de afrontamiento, así como sus repercusiones en el contexto laboral, trajeron importantes aportes para la comprensión de la realidad contextual.

Estresse e enfrentamento das dificuldades em universitários da área da saúde / Stress and coping with difficulties in health university students / Estrés y enfrentamiento de dificultades por universitarios del sector salud

Este estudo pretende identificar a percepção de estudantes de uma mesma instituição de ensino superior da área da saúde sobre dificuldades acadêmicas e não acadêmicas, estratégias de coping e identificar a presença de estresse. Foi um estudo transversal utilizando abordagens quantitativa e qualitativa, desenvolvido por meio de questionário estruturado e inventários psicométricos validados ( COPE Breve; inventário de sintomas de estresse ISLL ). Adicionalmente, foram realizadas entrevistas para ampliar a compreensão dos resultados dos instrumentos quantitativos. Na etapa quantitativa, participaram 162 estudantes dos cursos de graduação em Fisioterapia, Fonoaudiologia, Medicina, Nutrição e Terapia Ocupacional. Destes, 60 participaram de entrevista qualitativa. Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística univariada e análise multivariada por regressão logística. Os estudantes relataram encontrar grande número de dificuldades e utilizar variadas estratégias de coping . A análise estatística univariada demonstrou que não houve diferenças importantes entre cursos e etapas quanto ao número de dificuldades e estratégias utilizadas. A presença de estresse foi identificada em proporções entre 45% e 100% dos estudantes, conforme o curso e a etapa considerada, sem diferenças significativas entre eles. A análise multivariada identificou cinco variáveis independentes como determinantes de estresse: sexo feminino, renda familiar, número de dificuldades acadêmicas/não acadêmicas e número de estratégias de coping voltadas à "emoção" presentes. Esta análise também mostrou que o estresse patológico está relacionado a somente uma variável: o número de dificuldades não acadêmicas. Estes achados reforçam a necessidade de manter ações institucionais de assistência social e apoio psicológico, favorecendo assim um planejamento efetivo de medidas de promoção da saúde mental dos estudantes.(AU)

This study aimed to find undergraduate students' perceptions about academic and non-academic difficulties and coping strategies and determining the occurrence of stress among them. This was a cross-sectional study using quantitative and qualitative approaches to evaluate students from different health professions in a single institution. Physical therapy, speech therapy, medicine, nutrition, and occupational therapy program students (N=162) answered a structured questionnaire and two validated psychometric inventories (COPE Brief scale and the ISS stress symptoms inventory). Additionally, 60 students underwent a semi-structured interview to better understand the results from the quantitative instruments. Quantitative data underwent univariate analysis to test differences between proportions and stepwise multiple regression analysis to identify the independent determinants of stress. Students reported a large number of academic and non-academic difficulties and a variety of coping strategies. Univariate statistical analysis showed no significant differences between courses and stages regarding the number of difficulties and coping strategies. A large proportion of students showed stress, ranging from 45% to 100%, depending on the course and stage, with no significant differences between them. Multivariate statistical analysis found five independent variables as stress determinants: female gender, low family income, number of academic and non-academic difficulties, and number of emotion-focused coping strategies. This analysis also showed that pathological stress is related to only one variable: the number of non-academic difficulties. These findings reinforce the importance of maintaining institutional actions for student social assistance and psychological support. Results also provide meaningful data for adequately planning more effective measures to promote students' mental health.(AU)

Este estudio pretende identificar la percepción de los estudiantes del sector salud sobre las dificultades académicas y no académicas, las estrategias de coping y la presencia de estrés. Este estudio transversal, con enfoque cuantitativo y cualitativo, utilizó cuestionarios estructurados e inventarios psicométricos validados (escala Brief COPE; inventario de sintomatología de estrés ISE ); además de entrevistas para ampliar la comprensión de los resultados de los instrumentos cuantitativos. En la etapa cuantitativa participaron 162 estudiantes de los cursos de grado en Fisioterapia, Fonoaudiología, Medicina, Nutrición y Terapia Ocupacional. De estos, 60 participaron en la entrevista cualitativa. Los resultados se sometieron a análisis estadístico univaria nte, para distinguir los grupos y asociaciones entre variables, y a análisis multivariado por regresión logística para identificar variables independientes que determinan el estrés. Los estudiantes reportaron enfrentar muchas dificultades académicas y no académicas, y utilizaban diferentes estrategias de coping. El análisis estadístico univariante no obtuvo diferencias significativas entre cursos y etapas respecto al número de dificultades y estrategias utilizadas. Un 45% y 100% de los estudiantes experimentaron estrés según el curso y la etapa considerada, sin diferencias significativas entre ellos. Se encontraron cinco variables independientes como factores de estrés: sexo femenino, renta familiar, número de dificultades académicas/no académicas y número de estrategias de coping orientadas a la "emoción". El estrés patológico estuvo relacionado solo a la variable número de dificultades no académicas. Se necesita mantener acciones institucionales de asistencia social y apoyo psicológico para favorecer una planificación efectiva de medidas de promoción de salud mental de los estudiantes.(AU)

Efficacy of a program in increasing coping strategies in firefighters: randomized clinical trial / Eficacia de un programa en el aumento de las estrategias de coping en bomberos: ensayo clínico aleatorizado / Eficácia de um programa no aumento das estratégias de coping em bombeiros: ensaio clínico randomizado

Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of a program in increasing coping strategies focused on military firefighters' problems and emotions. Method: randomized, parallel, single-masked clinical trial. The sample consisted of 51 participants in the intervention group and 49 in the control group. The intervention group received the intervention program including coping strategies based on the Nursing Interventions Classification, lasting six consecutive weeks, one day a week. The control group followed the Service Unit routine. Descriptive statistics, Student's T test with Welch's correction and the Mann-Whitney test were used for the analyses. The magnitude of the intervention effect was calculated using Cohen's d index. A p-value of ≤0.05% was considered. Results: in the analysis of the mean difference between the scores in the groups, the means of the intervention group increased significantly for the coping strategies: social support (p = 0.009), acceptance of responsibility (p = 0.03), problem solving (p = 0.05) and positive reappraisal (p = 0.05). The impact of the intervention was moderate in magnitude for social support (d = 0.54). Conclusion: the intervention program enabled the increase of coping strategies focused on military firefighters' problems and emotions. ReBEC: RBR-8dmbzc.

Objetivo: evaluar la eficacia de un programa en el aumento de las estrategias de coping enfocadas en el problema y en la emoción en bomberos militares. Método: ensayo clínico aleatorizado, paralelo, con enmascaramiento simple. La muestra se constituyó de 51 participantes en el grupo intervención y 49 en el control. El grupo intervención recibió el programa interventivo incluyendo las estrategias de coping basadas en la Clasificación de las Intervenciones de Enfermería, con una duración de seis semanas consecutivas, un día por semana. El grupo control siguió la rutina de la Unidad de Servicio. Para los análisis se utilizó estadística descriptiva, test T de Student con corrección de Welch y el test de Mann-Whitney. La magnitud del efecto de la intervención se calculó con el índice d de Cohen. Se consideró valor p≤0,05%. Resultados: en el análisis del promedio de la diferencia entre los puntajes en los grupos, los promedios del grupo intervención aumentaron significativamente para las estrategias de coping : soporte social ( p = 0,009), aceptación de la responsabilidad ( p = 0,03), resolución de problemas ( p = 0,05) y reevaluación positiva ( p = 0,05). El impacto de la intervención presentó magnitud moderada para el soporte social ( d = 0,54). Conclusión: el programa interventivo posibilitó el aumento de estrategias de coping enfocadas en el problema y en la emoción en bomberos militares. ReBEC: RBR-8dmbzc.

Objetivo: avaliar a eficácia de um programa no aumento das estratégias de coping focadas no problema e na emoção em bombeiros militares. Método: ensaio clínico randomizado, paralelo, com mascaramento simples. A amostra constituiu-se de 51 participantes no grupo intervenção e 49 no controle. O grupo intervenção recebeu o programa interventivo incluindo as estratégias de coping pautadas na Classificação das Intervenções de Enfermagem, com duração de seis semanas consecutivas, um dia por semana. O grupo controle seguiu a rotina da Unidade de Serviço. Para as análises utilizou-se estatística descritiva, teste T de Student com correção de Welch e o teste de Mann-Whitney. A magnitude do efeito da intervenção foi calculada com o índice d de Cohen. Considerou-se valor p ≤0,05%. Resultados: na análise da média da diferença entre os escores nos grupos, as médias do grupo intervenção aumentaram significativamente para as estratégias de coping : suporte social ( p = 0,009), aceitação da responsabilidade ( p = 0,03), resolução de problemas ( p = 0,05) e reavaliação positiva ( p = 0,05). O impacto da intervenção apresentou magnitude moderada para o suporte social (d = 0,54). Conclusão: o programa interventivo possibilitou o aumento de estratégias de coping focadas no problema e na emoção em bombeiros militares. ReBEC: RBR-8dmbzc.

O enfermeiro recém-formado na condição de segunda vítima / El enfermero recién graduado en condición de segunda víctima / The newly graduated nurse as a second victim

Resumo Objetivo Descrever a prevalência de enfermeiros recém-formados como segundas vítimas de eventos adversos e conhecer as condições de apoio recebidas nas instituições de saúde. Métodos Estudo transversal, descritivo e de abordagem quantitativa, cuja população foi constituída por enfermeiros recém-formados, que aceitaram responder ao questionário online, com perguntas relacionadas à admissão na instituição, envolvimento em eventos adversos e gerenciamento da condição de segunda vítima, contatados por e-mail, intermediado pelo Conselho Regional de Enfermagem de São Paulo. Foi realizada a análise descritiva dos dados e teste de igualdade de proporções. Resultados A amostra final foi de 138 enfermeiros, 54,3% desconheciam o termo segunda vítima, 44,9% desconheciam a existência de protocolos institucionais para apoio emocional aos profissionais e 26,8% estiveram envolvidos em eventos adversos. Destes, 94,6% apresentaram como desfecho diante do evento o sofrimento emocional, frustração, culpa, tristeza, estresse, incapacidade, constrangimento e insegurança para realizar suas funções no trabalho; 59,5% receberam algum tipo de apoio e 21,6% receberam punição institucional. Conclusão A prevalência de enfermeiros recém-formados envolvidos em eventos adversos foi de 26,8%, e, entre os que vivenciaram esse incidente, a maioria apresentou como desfecho, sentimentos negativos e de insegurança na condução do trabalho. Após o evento, o apoio recebido partiu, na maioria das vezes, de colegas de trabalho e pessoas significativas, e, quanto ao apoio institucional, destaca-se ainda a necessidade de programas para suporte emocional, a fim de que esses profissionais superem quando se encontram na condição de segunda vítima.

Resumen Objetivo Describir la prevalencia de enfermeros recién graduados como segundas víctimas de eventos adversos y conocer las condiciones de apoyo recibidas en las instituciones de salud. Métodos Estudio transversal, descriptivo y de enfoque cuantitativo, cuya población estuvo compuesta por enfermeros recién graduados, que aceptaron responder un cuestionario digital con preguntas relacionadas con la admisión en la institución, la participación en eventos adversos y la gestión de la condición de segunda víctima, contactados por correo electrónico e intermediado por el Consejo Regional de Enfermería de São Paulo. Se realizó el análisis descriptivo de los datos y prueba de igualdad de proporciones. Resultados La muestra final fue de 138 enfermeros. El 54,3 % desconocía el término segunda víctima, el 44,9 % desconocía la existencia de protocolos institucionales para apoyo emocional a profesionales y el 26,8 % estuvo involucrado en eventos adversos. De estos, el 94,6 % presentó, como consecuencia del evento, sufrimiento emocional, frustración, culpa, tristeza, estrés, incapacidad, vergüenza e inseguridad para realizar sus funciones en el trabajo; el 59,5 % recibió algún tipo de apoyo, y el 21,6 % recibió sanción institucional. Conclusión La prevalencia de enfermeros recién graduados involucrados en eventos adversos fue del 26,8 % y, de los que pasaron por estos incidentes, la mayoría presentó, como consecuencia, sentimientos negativos y de inseguridad en la conducción de su trabajo. Después del evento, el apoyo recibido, la mayoría de las veces, surgió de compañeros de trabajo y personas importantes. Respecto al apoyo institucional, también se observa la necesidad de programas para apoyo emocional para que estos profesionales se sobrepongan cuando se encuentren en condición de segunda víctima.

Abstract Objective To describe the prevalence of newly graduated nurses as second victims of adverse events and to know the conditions of support received in health institutions. Methods Cross-sectional, descriptive, quantitative study. The population consisted of newly graduated nurses who agreed to answer the online questionnaire with questions related to being hired at the institution, involvement in adverse events and management of the second victim condition. Contacted was by email, intermediated by the Regional Nursing Council of São Paulo. Descriptive data analysis and the test of equality of proportions were performed. Results The final sample consisted of 138 nurses, 54.3% were unaware of the term 'second victim', 44.9% were unaware of the existence of institutional protocols for emotional support to professionals and 26.8% were involved in adverse events. Of these, 94.6% presented emotional distress, frustration, guilt, sadness, stress, inability, embarrassment and insecurity to perform their duties at work as an outcome of the event; 59.5% received some type of support and 21.6% received institutional punishment. Conclusion The prevalence of newly graduated nurses involved in adverse events was 26.8%, and among those who experienced this incident, the majority presented negative feelings and insecurity in performing their work as an outcome. After the event, most of the time, the support received came from work colleagues and significant others. Regarding institutional support, the need for programs for emotional support is also highlighted, so that these professionals can overcome when finding themselves in the place of the second victim.

Estrategias de afrontamiento en pacientes oncológicos de un hospital público. Corrientes año 2022 / Coping strategies in cancer patients from a public hospital. Corrientes year 2022

Las estrategias de afrontamiento ante el cáncer representan un proceso mediador ante las repercusiones de la enfermedad. Objetivo: Identificar las estrategias de afrontamiento en pacientes oncológicos que asisten a un hospital público de la ciudad de Corrientes en el año 2022. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo, cuantitativo, transversal, observacional. La población fueron pacientes oncológicos que asistieron a un hospital público. Para la recolección de datos se utilizó cuestionario de modos de afrontamiento, desarrollado por Lazarus y Folkman, versión revisada, adaptado y modificado, compuesto por 67 ítems, asociados a las diferentes estrategias de afrontamiento. Resultados: La muestra se integró con 45 pacientes de 52 años en promedio; el 78% del sexo femenino mayoritariamente amas de casa, 64%; casadas/os el 69%. Niveles obtenidos de las estrategias- centradas en el problema- Nivel Bajo de aplicación el confrontamiento (56%) y Nivel Medio el Distanciamiento (51%). -En las estrategias centradas en la emoción- Nivel Medio de aplicación, la reevaluación positiva (67%) y Planificación 60%, el autocontrol (40%), seguidos por la búsqueda de apoyo social (44%), aceptación de la responsabilidad (44%), huida-Evitación (38%). Conclusiones: El confrontamiento fue la estrategia que presentó el porcentaje más destacado en el nivel bajo aplicación y el distanciamiento el nivel alto más frecuente. Es fundamental destacar la importancia de identificar la estrategia de afrontamiento utilizado por los pacientes oncológicos ya que dichos estados emocionales influyen en la salud de manera directa ya sea en el funcionamiento fisiológico, el reconocimiento de síntomas, la búsqueda de atención oportuna[AU]

Cancer coping strategies represent a mediating process in the face of the repercussions of the disease. Objective: Identify coping strategies in cancer patients attending a public hospital in the city of Corrientes in the year 2022. Methodology: Descriptive, quantitative, cross-sectional, observational study. The population were cancer patients who attended a public hospital. For the data collection, a questionnaire of coping modes was used, developed by Lazarus and Folkman, revised, adapted and modified version, composed of 67 items, associated with the different coping strategies. Results: The sample was made up of 45 patients with an average age of 52; 78% of the female sex, mostly housewives, 64%; 69% married. Levels obtained from the strategies - focused on the problem - Low Level of application of confrontation (56%) and Medium Level of Distancing (51%). -In the strategies focused on emotion- Medium level of application, positive reappraisal (67%) and Planning 60%, self-control (40%), followed by the search for social support (44%), acceptance of responsibility (44%), flight-avoidance (38%). Conclusions: The confrontation was the strategy that presented the most outstanding percentage in the low application level and the distancing the most frequent high level. It is essential to highlight the importance of identifying the coping strategy used by cancer patients since these emotional states directly influence health, be it physiological functioning, recognition of symptoms, the search for timely care[AU]

As estratégias de enfrentamento do câncer representam um processo mediador diante das repercussões da doença. Objetivo: Identificar estratégias de enfrentamento em pacientes oncológicos atendidos em um hospital público da cidade de Corrientes no ano de 2022. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo, quantitativo, transversal, observacional. A população foi pacientes oncológicos atendidos em um hospital público. Para a coleta de dados, foi utilizado um questionário de modos de enfrentamento, desenvolvido por Lazarus e Folkman, versão revisada, adaptada e modificada, composto por 67 itens, associados às diferentes estratégias de enfrentamento. Resultados: A amostra foi composta por 45 pacientes com idade média de 52 anos; 78% do sexo feminino, principalmente donas de casa, 64%; 69% casados. Níveis obtidos das estratégias - focadas no problema - Baixo Nível de aplicação de enfrentamento (56%) e Médio Nível de Distanciamento (51%). -Nas estratégias focadas na emoção- Nível médio de aplicação, reavaliação positiva (67%) e Planejamento 60%, autocontrole (40%), seguido da busca de apoio social (44%), aceitação de responsabilidade (44%), evitação de voos (38%). Conclusões: O confronto foi a estratégia que apresentou maior percentual de destaque no nível baixo de aplicação e o distanciamento o nível alto mais frequente. É fundamental destacar a importância da identificação da estratégia de enfrentamento utilizada pelo paciente oncológico, pois esses estados emocionais influenciam diretamente na saúde, seja no funcionamento fisiológico, no reconhecimento de sintomas, na busca por atendimento oportuno[AU]

Impacto de una intervención psicoeducativa en la habilidad para el cuidado, del cuidador principal del paciente en diálisis peritoneal / Impact of a psychoeducational intervention on the caregiving skills of the primary caregiver of a patient on peritoneal dialysis

Introducción: Desarrollar la habilidad para el cuidado por parte del cuidador principal del paciente en diálisis peritoneal requiere de un proceso de adaptación, en el que las intervenciones psicoeducativas son una estrategia importante.Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto de una intervención psicoeducativa en la habilidad para el cuidado del cuidador principal.Material y Método: Estudio cuasi experimental, con un diseño prepost, con un único grupo. La muestra estuvo formada por 40 cuidadores de pacientes en diálisis peritoneal. Se analizaron habilidad del cuidado, de afrontamiento y de adaptación, preintervención y post-intervención, mediante el inventario de Habilidad de Cuidado y la escala de medición de Afrontamiento y Adaptación. La intervención consistió en un programa estructurado sobre estrategias para mejorar el proceso de afrontamiento, adaptación al rol y desarrollo de nuevas habilidades, por parte del cuidador, llevado a cabo por un equipo multidisciplinario. Se estudiaron, además, sexo, edad, estado civil, ocupación, parentesco, tiempo dedicado a recreación y tiempo dedicado al cuidado. Resultados: El cuidador fue principalmente mujer (80%, n=32), con dedicación al hogar 47,5% (n=19), y de estado civil casado, 62,5% (n=25). Encontramos diferencias pre y post intervención en la habilidad general (211,03 + 36,30 vs 230,60 + 16,72, p<0,001), y en la capacidad global de afrontamiento y adaptación (129,32 + 12,55 vs 136,70 + 16,28, p=<0,008).Conclusión: La intervención psicoeductiva aumenta las habilidades generales de cuidados y los mecanismos de afrontamiento y adaptación en los cuidadores de pacientes en diálisis peritoneal.(AU)

Introduction: Developing the caregiver’s ability to care for a patient undergoing peritoneal dialysis requires an adaptation process, in which psychoeducational interventions are important strategies.Objective: To evaluate the impact of a psychoeducational intervention on the caregiver’s ability to care for the patient. Material and Method: This quasi-experimental pre-post design study involved a single group of 40 caregivers of peritoneal dialysis patients. Caregiving, coping, and adaptation abilities were analyzed pre- and post-intervention using the Caregiving Ability Inventory and the Coping and Adaptation Scale. The intervention consisted of a structured program on strategies to improve coping, role adaptation, and the development of new skills by the caregiver, carried out by a multidisciplinary team. Gender, age, marital status, occupation, relationship to the patient, time spent on recreation, and time spent on caregiving were also studied.Results: The caregiver was mainly a woman (80%, n=32), 47,5% (n=19) were dedicated to the home, and 62,5% were married. Differences before and after the intervention in general ability (211,03 + 36,30 vs 230,60 + 16,72, p<0,001), and in the overall coping and adaptation ability (129,32 + 12,55 vs 136,70 + 16,28, p=<0,008) were found.Conclusion: Psychoeducational intervention increases general care skills and coping and adaptation mechanisms in caregivers of patients on peritoneal dialysis.(AU)

Hospitalization due to bronchiolitis: factors influencing parents' experience. / Hospitalización por bronquiolitis: Factores influyentes en la vivencia de los progenitores.

AIM: To describe the experience of the parents of children hospitalized due to bronchiolitis. METHOD: Phenomenological qualitative study. Purposeful sampling was undertaken of parents with children diagnosed with bronchiolitis, from December 7, 2015 to January 8, 2016, and admitted to the paediatric department of a public hospital of the Madrid Health Service. Data collection strategies included focus groups and researchers' field notes. Afterwards, the data were analyzed using thematic analysis. We included 10 parents, aged between 30 and 39 years. Five themes were explored: perception of monitoring, need to know, perception of child fragility, coping strategies, and reorganization of the family environment. RESULTS: Oxygen saturation monitoring through devices produced dependence and uncertainty in the parents. In addition, there was a need to know and understand the technical language, which encouraged searching for information on the Internet. The parents perceived the fragility of the hospitalized child through their appearance and physical state. In addition, they developed different coping strategies to seek and confirm information, to approach professionals and be present with their children. Finally, the family was reorganised to maintain the constant presence of the parents during hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained can help paediatric professionals manage the information given to parents and thus empower them.

Psychological quality in middle and long-distance training / Qualidade psicológica no treinamento de média e longa distância / Calidad psicológica en el entrenamiento de media y larga distancia

ABSTRACT Introduction: Middle and long-distance running combine endurance and speed, demanding constant speed and minimizing physical losses. Sports fatigue is frequent in competition and the practice of these races. Therefore, middle and long-distance runners are prone to characteristics such as nervousness, negativity, or boredom. Objective: Explore the role of mental health in middle and long-distance runners in track and field events. Methods: Fourteen Chinese middle and long-distance runners were selected. The players undergo a 10-week psychological quality test. A questionnaire survey was conducted before and after completing the 10 weeks of psychological quality education. The data obtained from the experiment were statistically analyzed. The practical teaching of athletes and the form of psychological education were explained and discussed. Results: The psychological quality of stability in the athletes' movements are reflected inaccurate feedback, the balance of challenging skills, a high sense of control, concentration, and clear purpose. The characteristics of psychological quality were a fusion of awareness of behavior, pleasant experience, loss of self-consciousness, and space-temporal transformation. There were significant differences in the level of stable psychological quality of athletes under different sports levels (P<0.05). Conclusion: Mental quality promotion exercises for middle and long-distance runners can help them to quickly adjust their minds, improving their competitive abilities. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: A corrida de média e longa distância combina resistência e velocidade, exigindo constante velocidade e minimização das perdas físicas. A fadiga esportiva é frequente na competição e na prática dessas corridas. Portanto, os corredores de média e longa distância estão propensos a características como nervosismo, negatividade ou tédio. Objetivo: Explorar o papel da saúde mental nos corredores de média e longa distância em eventos de atletismo. Métodos: Foram selecionados 14 corredores chineses de média e longa distância. Os jogadores passam por um teste de qualidade psicológica de 10 semanas. Foi realizada uma pesquisa por questionário antes e depois de completar as 10 semanas de educação de qualidade psicológica. Os dados obtidos a partir do experimento foram analisados estatisticamente. O ensino prático dos atletas e a forma de educação psicológica foram explanados e discutidos. Resultados: A qualidade psicológica da estabilidade nos movimentos dos esportistas reflete-se em feedback preciso, equilíbrio das habilidades desafiadoras, alto senso de controle, concentração e propósito claro. As características da qualidade psicológica foram a fusão da consciência do comportamento, experiência agradável, perda da autoconsciência e transformação espaço-temporal. Houve diferenças significativas no nível de qualidade psicológica estável dos atletas sob diferentes níveis esportivos (P<0,05). Conclusão: Exercícios de promoção para a qualidade mental aos corredores de média e longa distância podem ajudá-los a ajustar rapidamente sua mente, melhorando suas capacidades competitivas. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: La carrera de media y larga distancia combina resistencia y velocidad, exigiendo una velocidad constante y la minimización de las pérdidas físicas. La fatiga deportiva es frecuente en la competición y en la práctica de estas carreras. Por lo tanto, los corredores de media y larga distancia son propensos a características como el nerviosismo, la negatividad o el aburrimiento. Objetivo: Explorar el papel de la salud mental en los corredores de media y larga distancia en las pruebas de atletismo. Métodos: Se seleccionaron catorce corredores chinos de media y larga distancia. Los jugadores se someten a una prueba de calidad psicológica de 10 semanas. Se realizó un cuestionario antes y después de completar las 10 semanas de formación en calidad psicológica. Los datos obtenidos del experimento se analizaron estadísticamente. Se explicó y discutió la enseñanza práctica de los atletas y la forma de educación psicológica. Resultados: La calidad psicológica de la estabilidad en los movimientos de los atletas se refleja en una retroalimentación precisa, un equilibrio de habilidades desafiantes, un alto sentido de control, concentración y un propósito claro. Las características de la calidad psicológica eran la fusión de la conciencia del comportamiento, la experiencia placentera, la pérdida de la conciencia de sí mismo y la transformación espacio-temporal. Hubo diferencias significativas en el nivel de calidad psicológica estable de los atletas en los distintos niveles deportivos (P<0,05). Conclusión: Los ejercicios de promoción de la calidad mental pueden ayudar a los corredores de media y larga distancia a ajustar rápidamente su mente, mejorando sus capacidades competitivas. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Psychophysiology of basketball players submitted to high intensity exercise / Psicofisiologia dos jogadores de basquetebol submetidos ao exercício de alta intensidade / Psicofisiología de los jugadores de baloncesto sometidos a ejercicios de alta intensidad

ABSTRACT Introduction: The improvement of basketball performance results from the global impact of several factors such as physical complexion, function, quality, technology, tactics, psychology, intelligence, among others. The athlete's mental index has a high degree of importance in game performance. Objective: Analyze the influence of high-intensity exercise on the psychophysiological quality in basketball players by checking the correlation of the factors that affect basketball performance. Methods: Volunteer basketball players were randomly selected for the research. A comprehensive analysis and evaluation of physical function, physical quality and psychological characteristics of the athletes was performed. Results: There is a close relationship between physical quality, fundamental skills and psychological characteristics of basketball players. These factors showed a positive correlation trend. Physical fitness is most closely related to the basic techniques of the game. Conclusion: Basketball players must possess excellent physical and psychological qualities. Only in this way can athletes perform better on the sports field. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: A melhoria do desempenho do basquete resulta do impacto global de vários fatores como compleição física, função, qualidade, tecnologia, tática, psicologia, inteligência, entre outros. O índice mental do atleta tem um elevado grau de importância no desempenho do jogo. Objetivo: Analisar a influência do exercício de alta intensidade sobre a qualidade psicofisiológica nos jogadores de basquetebol verificando a correlação dos fatores que afetam o desempenho do basquetebol. Métodos: Jogadores de basquetebol voluntários foram selecionados aleatoriamente para a pesquisa. Efetuou-se análise e avaliação abrangente da função física, qualidade física e características psicológicas dos atletas. Resultados: Existe uma estreita relação entre a qualidade física, as habilidades fundamentais e as características psicológicas dos jogadores de basquetebol. Estes fatores mostraram uma tendência positiva de correlação. A aptidão física está mais intimamente relacionada com as técnicas básicas do jogo. Conclusão: Os jogadores de basquetebol devem possuir excelentes qualidades físicas e psicológicas. Somente desta forma os atletas podem ter um melhor desempenho no campo esportivo. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: La mejora del rendimiento del baloncesto es el resultado del impacto global de varios factores como la complexión física, la función, la calidad, la tecnología, la táctica, la psicología y la inteligencia, entre otros. El índice mental del deportista tiene un alto grado de importancia en el rendimiento del juego. Objetivo: Analizar la influencia del ejercicio de alta intensidad sobre la calidad psicofisiológica en jugadores de baloncesto, verificando la correlación de los factores que afectan al rendimiento en baloncesto. Métodos: Se seleccionaron aleatoriamente jugadores de baloncesto voluntarios para la investigación. Se realizó un análisis y una evaluación exhaustivos de la función física, la calidad física y las características psicológicas de los atletas. Resultados: Existe una estrecha relación entre la calidad física, las habilidades fundamentales y las características psicológicas de los jugadores de baloncesto. Estos factores mostraron una tendencia de correlación positiva. La aptitud física está más relacionada con las técnicas básicas del juego. Conclusión: Los jugadores de baloncesto deben poseer excelentes cualidades físicas y psicológicas. Sólo así los atletas pueden rendir más en el campo deportivo. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.