RESUMO
Mastectomy is traditionally performed under general anaesthesia and invasive ventilation, and is often complemented with regional techniques. In this setting, tracheal stenosis can pose a challenge to airway management. The aim of this report is to describe the successful management of a 68-year-old woman with severe subglottic tracheal stenosis undergoing mastectomy due to breast cancer. Surgery was performed without airway instrumentation under an opioid-free regimen consisting of thoracic epidural, propofol and dexmedetomidine perfusion, and non-opioid analgesics. Spontaneous ventilation and adequate perioperative analgesia were achieved. Opioid-free anaesthesia without airway instrumentation, consisting of thoracic epidural anaesthesia and sedation, is a good alternative in patients undergoing mastectomy in whom airway manipulation is best avoided.
Assuntos
Analgesia , Anestesia Epidural , Neoplasias da Mama , Estenose Traqueal , Feminino , Humanos , Idoso , Analgésicos Opioides , Estenose Traqueal/complicações , Estenose Traqueal/cirurgia , Neoplasias da Mama/complicações , Neoplasias da Mama/cirurgia , Mastectomia , Anestesia Epidural/métodosRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The COVID-19 pandemic has forced universities to move the completion of university studies online. Spain's National Conference of Medical School Deans coordinates an objective, structured clinical competency assessment called the Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE), which consists of 20 face-to-face test sections for students in their sixth year of study. As a result of the pandemic, a computer-based case simulation OSCE (CCS-OSCE) has been designed. The objective of this article is to describe the creation, administration, and development of the test. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This work is a descriptive study of the CCS-OSCE from its planning stages in April 2020 to its administration in June 2020. RESULTS: The CCS-OSCE evaluated the competences of anamnesis, exploration, clinical judgment, ethical aspects, interprofessional relations, prevention, and health promotion. No technical or communication skills were evaluated. The CCS-OSCE consisted of ten test sections, each of which had a 12-min time limit and ranged from six to 21 questions (mean: 1.1â¯min/question). The CCS-OSCE used the virtual campus platform of each of the 16 participating medical schools, which had a total of 2829 students in their sixth year of study. It was jointly held on two dates in June 2020. CONCLUSIONS: The CCS-OSCE made it possible to bring together the various medical schools and carry out interdisciplinary work. The CCS-OSCE conducted may be similar to Step 3 of the United States Medical Licensing Examination.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Competência Clínica/normas , Simulação por Computador , Avaliação Educacional/métodos , Faculdades de Medicina , Humanos , EspanhaRESUMO
RESUMEN La Paracoccidioidomicosis (PCM), es una enfermedad sistémica endémica de países de América Latina, con alto impacto en términos de morbilidad, mortalidad y costos para el sistema de salud si los enfermos progresan a sus estadios avanzados. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo recopilar datos divulgados en publicaciones sobre casos autóctonos de PCM, desde los primeros casos diagnosticados en Paraguay, con una descripción del contexto histórico e identificando a los pioneros en el diagnóstico en Paraguay, siguiendo un orden cronológico, hasta los casos más recientemente informados. Metodología: búsqueda en bibliotecas nacionales y bases de datos online de casos de PCM en Paraguay, publicados en revistas científicas históricas nacionales y otras fuentes disponibles en formato impreso, y artículos científicos más recientes disponibles en formato electrónico, respectivamente. Resultados: Se identificaron 479 casos de PCM en publicaciones entre los años 1935 y 2023, correspondientes a casos autóctonos y cuyos diagnósticos fueron realizados en territorio paraguayo. El Dr. Juan Boggino y colaboradores fueron los responsables de los primeros diagnósticos en el país. La forma clínica predominante fue la crónica. La media de edad de 45,78 años. La gran mayoría de los pacientes diagnosticados fueron oriundos de la Región Oriental del país, predominantemente hombres agricultores. Conclusión: La PCM es una enfermedad endémica del Paraguay, desde los primeros casos diagnosticados y hasta hoy en día, son detectados pacientes con una evolución grave y discapacitante de la enfermedad, lo que demuestra la necesidad de la difusión de su conocimiento y ampliación de la capacidad diagnóstica precoz a nivel nacional. Debido a su pleomorfismo clínico y su capacidad de simular otras enfermedades, es importante incluir a la PCM como diagnostico diferencial de pacientes que presenten factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de la enfermedad.
ABSTRACT Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a systemic disease endemic to Latin American countries, with a high impact in terms of morbidity, mortality and costs for the health system if patients progress to advanced stages. This work aimed to collect data published in publications on autochthonous cases of PCM, from the first cases diagnosed in Paraguay, with a description of the historical context and identifying the pioneers in the diagnosis in Paraguay, following a chronological order, to the most recently reported cases. Methodology: search in national libraries and online databases of PCM cases in Paraguay, published in national historical scientific journals and other sources available in print format, and more recent scientific articles available in electronic format, respectively. Results: 479 cases of PCM were identified in publications between the years 1935 and 2023, corresponding to autochthonous cases and whose diagnoses were made in Paraguayan territory. Dr. Juan Boggino and collaborators were responsible for the first diagnoses in the country. The predominant clinical form was chronic. The average age was 45.78 years. The vast majority of patients diagnosed were from the Eastern Region of the country, predominantly male farmers. Conclusion: PCM is an endemic disease in Paraguay. Since the first cases were diagnosed and until today, patients with a severe and disabling course of the disease have been detected, which demonstrates the need to disseminate its knowledge and expand the early diagnostic capacity at the national level. Due to its clinical pleomorphism and its ability to simulate other diseases, it is important to include PCM as a differential diagnosis for patients who present risk factors for the development of the disease.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: For scientific journals, achieving a high impact factor (IF) has become a goal in its own right. Our aim was to describe the influence of article type on the IF of dermatology journals. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We used the Scopus database to calculate an IF for Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas and the major dermatology journals, excluding articles without abstracts, letters to the editor, and conference proceedings. Included articles were classified into 4 categories: case reports, original articles, narrative reviews, and other. We also calculated the mean IF for each article type. We then compared our results with IFs published by the Institute for Scientific Information. RESULTS: The proportion of each type of article differed between journals. Original articles carried the greatest weight in the major journals (BJD, 76.8%; Contact, 81.1%; JAAD, 63.4%; JAMA Dermatol, 63.7%.) but not in Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas, where only 31.7% were original research articles. A higher IF was associated with the publication of reviews and original articles; a lower IF was associated with the publication of case reports and other article types. CONCLUSIONS: Publishing case reports, which have lower citation rates, leads to a lower IF. Publishing reviews and original articles will lead to a higher IF. Journals that seek a higher IF should probably publish more reviews and original articles and fewer case reports. Editorial boards should seek a balance between the interests of their clinician readers and the journal's need for a higher IF.
Assuntos
Dermatologia , Fator de Impacto de Revistas , Publicações Periódicas como Assunto , Editoração/classificaçãoRESUMO
O lipoma é um tumor benigno de gordura que representa a neoplasia mesenquimal mais comum e pode acometer a região de cabeça e pescoço. São mais frequentes em indivíduos obesos, entretanto, o metabolismo dos lipomas é independente da gordura corpórea normal. Caracterizam-se como aumentos de volume nodulares de superfície lisa e consistência macia que podem ser sesséis ou pedunculados, são normalmente assintomáticos e os sítios de acometimento menos comuns incluem a língua, o assoalho da boca e os lábios. Dessa forma, o presente artigo tem como objetivo relatar um caso clínico de lipoma com anos de evolução e localizado em uma região incomum. A paciente do sexo feminino foi encaminhada para a Clínica de Estomatologia da Faculdade de Odontologia do Campus UFC-Sobral relatando que apresentava a lesão desde o ano de 2010 e afirmando que nunca realizou tratamento prévio e que não havia fator causal conhecido. Ao exame clínico observou-se uma lesão nodular de cor amarelada, medindo cerca de 1,5cm localizada na região de borda lateral, ventre e dorso de língua do lado direito compatível com a hipótese diagnóstica de lipoma. Nesse sentido, a partir da anamnese e dos achados clínicos optou-se por realizar a biópsia excisional para confirmação do diagnóstico. Com os resultados da biópsia houve a comprovação da hipótese diagnóstica, e sendo assim, não houve necessidade de tratamentos adicionais. Portanto, a partir desse caso pode-se perceber que o lipoma pode ser uma lesão que pode perdurar por vários anos sem maiores complicações, entretanto pode atingir grandes dimensões e nesses casos o tratamento cirúrgico se faz necessário.
Lipoma is a benign fat tumor that represents the most common mesenchymal neoplasm and can affect the head and neck region. They are more frequent in obese individuals, however, the metabolism of lipomas is independent of normal body fat. They are characterized as smooth-surfaced nodular masses that can be sessile or pedunculated, are usually asymptomatic, and the less common sites of involvement include the tongue, the floor of the mouth, and the lips. Thus, the present article aims to report a clinical case of a lipoma with years of evolution and located in an uncommon region. The female patient was referred to the Stomatology Clinic of the School of Dentistry, UFC-Sobral Campus reporting that she presented the lesion since the year 2010 and stating that she had never undergone previous treatment and that there was no known causal factor. On clinical examination we observed a yellowish nodular lesion measuring about 1.5cm located in the region of the lateral border, belly and dorsum of the tongue on the right side compatible with the diagnostic hypothesis of lipoma. Therefore, based on the anamnesis and clinical findings, it was decided to perform an excisional biopsy to confirm the diagnosis. With the results of the biopsy, the diagnostic hypothesis was confirmed, and thus there was no need for additional treatments. Therefore, from this case we can see that lipoma can be a lesion that can last for several years without major complications, however, it can reach large dimensions and in these cases surgical treatment is necessary.
El lipoma es un tumor graso benigno que representa la neoplasia mesenquimatosa más frecuente y puede afectar a la región de cabeza y cuello. Son más frecuentes en individuos obesos, sin embargo, el metabolismo de los lipomas es independiente de la grasa corporal normal. Se caracterizan por ser masas nodulares de superficie lisa que pueden ser sésiles o pediculadas, suelen ser asintomáticas y los lugares menos frecuentes de afectación incluyen la lengua, el suelo de la boca y los labios. Así, el presente artículo pretende informar de un caso clínico de lipoma de años de evolución y localizado en una región poco frecuente. La paciente fue referida a la Clínica de Estomatología de la Facultad de Odontología, Campus UFC-Sobral informando que presentaba la lesión desde 2010 y afirmando que nunca había sido sometida a tratamiento previo y que no existía factor causal conocido. El examen clínico reveló una lesión nodular de color amarillento, de aproximadamente 1,5 cm localizada en la región del borde lateral, vientre y dorso de la lengua del lado derecho compatible con la hipótesis diagnóstica de lipoma. Por lo tanto, basándonos en la anamnesis y los hallazgos clínicos, decidimos realizar una biopsia excisional para confirmar el diagnóstico. Con los resultados de la biopsia se confirmó la hipótesis diagnóstica, por lo que no hubo necesidad de tratamiento adicional. Por lo tanto, a partir de este caso podemos ver que el lipoma puede ser una lesión que puede durar varios años sin mayores complicaciones, sin embargo, puede alcanzar grandes dimensiones y en estos casos es necesario el tratamiento quirúrgico.
RESUMO
El tumor glómico es una neoplasia mesenquimal derivada de la célula muscular lisa modificada del aparato glómico. Solo se han descrito 39 casos en la cavidad oral. Una mujer de 32 años presentó dolor intenso e hipoestesia en el área del nervio mandibular. El examen físico oral reveló un abultamiento suave sensible a la palpación. La ortopantomografía mostró una imagen radiolúcida y bien definida en la rama mandibular que sugiere un trastorno óseo. Sin embargo, el TC y el angio-TC mostraron una lesión hipervascular en el espacio masticatorio derecho. Se optó por un abordaje quirúrgico intraoral de la lesión. El análisis histopatológico mostró una positividad difusa y fuerte para la vimentina. La actina del músculo liso, la actina específica del músculo y la cadena pesada de miosina del músculo liso también fueron positivas, pero la inmunorreactividad para los marcadores varió en extensión e intensidad entre las diferentes áreas tumorales. Calponina mostró inmunotinción focal y débil. El índice de proliferación (Ki67-MIB1) fue inferior al 1 %.Basado en estos hallazgos morfológicos e inmunohistoquímicos, el tumor se diagnosticó como un tumor glómico (tipo sólido). Esta primera descripción de un tumor glómico en el espacio masticatorio nos hace incluirlo en el diagnóstico diferencial de las neoplasias en esta área. (AU)
Glomus tumour is a mesenchymal neoplasm from modified smooth muscle cell of the glomus apparatus. Only 39 cases have been reported in the oral cavity. A 32-year-old female presented with intense pain and hypoaestesia in the mandibular nerve area. Oral physical examination revealed a soft bulging tender to palpation. Orthopantomography showed a radiolucent, well-defined image in the mandibular ramus suggesting an osseous disorder. However, CT and angio-CT showed a hypervascular lesion in the right masticatory space. An intraoral surgical approach to the lesion was chosen. Histopathological analysis showed diffuse and strong positivity for vimentin. Smooth muscle actin, muscle specific actin, and smooth muscle myosin heavy-chain were also positive, but immunoreactivity for markers varied in extension and intensity between different tumour areas. Calponin showed focal and weak immunostaning. Proliferation index (Ki67-MIB1) was less than 1 %.Based on these morphological and immunohistochemical findings, the tumour was diagnosed as a glomus tumour (solid type). This first description of a glomus tumour in the masticatory space makes us include it in the differential diagnosis of neoplasms in this area. (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Tumor Glômico/diagnóstico , Tumor Glômico/patologia , Tumor Glômico/cirurgia , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço , Traumatismos do Nervo TrigêmeoRESUMO
Se realizó un análisis bibliográfico sobre la utilización de casos clínicos como estrategia didáctica en las carreras de medicina, enfermería, kinesiología y nutrición. Es fundamental para los docentes estar innovando continuamente en las estrategias de aprendizaje, y promover una flexibilización curricular, para mejorar los procesos de enseñanza universitaria, impulsando un cambio en las metodologías docentes en función del estudiante de manera activa, dando paso a un proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje dinámico que se adapta a las circunstancias históricas sociales. El objetivo de esta revisión es analizar las evidencias disponibles sobre la utilización de casos clínicos y su aporte a las habilidades y competencias exigidas en los perfiles de estas cuatro carreras de la salud
A bibliographical analysis was carried out on the use of clinical cases as a didactic strategy in medicine, nursing, kinesiology and nutrition undergraduate programs. Is essential for teachers to be continuously innovated in learning strategies, and promote curricular flexibility, to improve university teaching processes, promoting a change in teaching methodologies based on the student in an active way, giving way to a teaching process -dynamic learning that adapts to historical-social circumstances. The objective of this review was to analyze the available evidence on the use of clinical cases and their contribution to the skills and competencies required in the profiles of these four health undergraduate programs
Assuntos
Humanos , Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas , Educação Médica/métodos , Educação Profissionalizante/métodos , AprendizagemRESUMO
El ejercicio de la medicina y la búsqueda de la excelencia profesional en los tiempos actuales nos obligan a replantearnos si solamente los principios de la bioética personalista y principialista son suficientes para poder ser cada vez mejores agentes sanitarios; el volver a interesarnos por la ética de las virtudes y su puesta en práctica probablemente sea la respuesta a esta interrogante. La intención del presente artículo es explicar de forma concisa algunas de las virtudes que creemos debe tener un buen profesional sanitario y como éstas influyen en su praxis diaria
The practice of medicine and the search for professional excellence in current times force us to rethink whether only the principles of personalistic and principled bioethics are enough to be able to be better and better health agents; a renewed interest in the ethics of virtues and their implementation is probably the answer to this question. The intention of this article is to concisely explain some of the virtues that we believe a good health professional should have and how they influence their daily practice
Assuntos
Humanos , Ciências da Saúde , Ética Médica , Virtudes , Médicos , Bioética , Prática Clínica Baseada em Evidências , MedicinaRESUMO
Introducción: Las infecciones de las vías urinarias constituyen una de las patologías infecciosas más frecuentes tanto en la comunidad como en el ámbito hospitalario En el medio hospitalario se ha observado una alta frecuencia de infecciones asociadas a hongos oportunistas, en su mayoría corresponden a especies de Candida spp. Sin embargo, se aíslan otras especies como Trichosporon, donde predomina la especie asahii, en casos de pacientes inmunodeprimidos o con tratamiento previo de antibioticoterapia. Presentación de Casos Clínicos: Se presentan 2 casos donde se aisló en urocultivos Trichosporon asahii. En ambos casos los pacientes presentaron factores de riesgo y síntomas inespecíficos. Conclusión: La presencia de hongos de forma persistente en el tracto urinario es considerada clínicamente significativa. El tratamiento de la funguria debe basarse en el análisis del paciente, de su estado general y de sus factores de riesgo. Para el tratamiento, se observó que el efecto de los triazoles, fueron los más efectivos en el tratamiento de la infección por T. asahii.
Introduction: Urinary tract infections are one of the most frequent infectious pathologies both in the community and in the hospital setting. In the hospital environment, a high frequency of infections associated with opportunistic fungi has been observed, most of which correspond to species of Candida spp. However, other species such as Trichosporon are isolated, where the asahii species predominates (6,7). Presentation of Clinical Cases: Two cases are presented where Trichosporon asahii was isolated in urine cultures. In both cases, the patients presented risk factors and nonspecific symptoms. Conclusion: The persistent presence of fungi in the urinary tract is considered clinically significant (9,10). The treatment of funguria should be based on the analysis of the patient, his general condition and his risk factors (10). For treatment, it was observed that the effect of triazoles was the most effective in the treatment of T. asahii infection (8)
Assuntos
Infecções Urinárias , Trichosporon , InfecçõesRESUMO
Introducción: Las úlceras venosas tienen una alta prevalencia, por lo que aumentan los costes sanitarios y empeoran la calidad de vida del paciente. La terapia de presión negativa y los injertos en sello se utilizan en la cura de heridas complejas. Objetivos: Mostrar la eficacia de la terapia de presión negativa y la de los injertos en sello en una úlcera venosa tratada desde atención primaria en el domicilio del paciente. Metodología: Valoración de la lesión, realización de un plan de cuidados personalizado y evolución durante 1 año hasta la cicatrización completa. Resultados: Este trabajo muestras efectos beneficiosos de la terapia de presión negativa, se redujo el exudado, se acortó el tiempo de cicatrización, se controló y eliminó el dolor y, por ende, la calidad de vida del paciente, como también lo hizo en la fase final la aplicación de injertos en sello. Conclusiones: Se muestra la necesidad de abordar un caso clínico desde una perspectiva holística y multidisciplinar fomentando la enfermería basada en la evidencia y empoderando al paciente (AU)
Venous ulcers are highly prevalent, increasing healthcare costs and worsening the patients quality of life. Negative pressure therapy (NPT) and seal grafts are used in the healing of complex wounds. Objectives: To show the efficacy of TPN and seal grafts in a venous ulcer treated by primary care at the patients home. Methodology: Assessment of the lesion, development of a personalized care plan and evolution during one year until complete healing. Results: This work shows beneficial effects of TPN, reducing exudate, shortening healing time, controlling and eliminating pain and therefore, the patients quality of life as well as in the final phase, the application of grafts in seal. Conclusions: It shows the need to approach a clinical case from a holistic and multidisciplinary perspective promoting evidence-based nursing and empowering the patient (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tratamento de Ferimentos com Pressão Negativa/métodos , Úlcera Varicosa/terapia , Curativos Oclusivos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Introducción: En el contexto del dominio del inglés no todos los egresados satisfacen las exigencias de un profesional competente desde el punto de vista comunicativo. Ante tales evidencias, en los cursos de posgrados se han buscados otras vías para profundizar en el inglés de la especialidad, que permitan perfeccionar la competencia comunicativa profesional. Objetivo: Exponer algunas consideraciones sobre el uso de los casos clínicos en inglés como herramienta para desarrollar la competencia comunicativa profesional. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo en la Facultad de Estomatología de La Habana en el primer semestre del curso académico 2020-2021. La información se obtuvo mediante métodos teóricos de análisis, y síntesis de revisiones bibliográficas y documentales sobre el tema. Resultados: El uso de casos clínicos en inglés propició el enriquecimiento del vocabulario técnico de la especialidad; y estimuló el empleo de sinónimos relacionados con el lenguaje estomatológico, y la diferencia entre el lenguaje del estomatólogo y del paciente. Además, se diseñó una guía didáctica en inglés con el vocabulario utilizado para la presentación de casos clínicos que sirve como material de consulta para los estomatólogos y profesores que imparten inglés con fines específicos. Conclusiones: Sin lugar a dudas, el uso de casos clínicos con todas las discusiones que genera, ayuda a desarrollar la competencia comunicativa profesional en inglés(AU)
Introduction: In the context of mastering English, not all graduates meet the demands of a professional who is competent from a communication point of view. With such evidence, in postgraduate courses other ways have been sought to deepen the English of the specialty, which allows perfecting professional communicative competence. Objective: To present some considerations about the use of clinical cases in English as a tool for developing professional communicative competence. Methods: Descriptive study carried out at the Dental School of Havana during the first semester of the 2020-2021 academic year. The information was obtained through theoretical methods of analysis, as well as synthesis of bibliographic and documental reviews on the subject. Results: The use of clinical cases in English led to the enrichment of the technical vocabulary of the specialty. It stimulated the use of synonyms related to the dental terminology, and the difference between the language of the dental doctor and the patient. In addition, a didactic guide in English was designed with the vocabulary used for the presentation of clinical cases, which serves as reference material for dental doctors and professors who teach English for specific purposes. Conclusions: Undoubtedly, the use of clinical cases with all the discussions that it generates, helps develop professional communicative competence in English(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Faculdades de Odontologia , Comunicação , Idioma , Modelos Teóricos , Epidemiologia DescritivaRESUMO
La dehiscencia de la sutura de la herida quirúrgica por causas infecciosas es una de las complicaciones que aumenta los costes de la estancia hospitalaria. La terapia de presión negativa (TPN) se utiliza para la cura de heridas complejas. Objetivo: mostrar la eficacia de la TPN en una herida abdominal cavitada, mediante la descripción de un caso clínico, tratada en el Dispositivo Transversal de Hospitalización a Domicilio (HAD) del Hospital Clínic de Barcelona. Metodología: Descripción de las características de la herida, realización del plan de cuidados, tratamiento y la evolución durante el ingreso en HAD. Resultados: Este trabajo muestra los efectos beneficiosos del dispositivo de HAD respecto al tratamiento de heridas con TPN. Conclusiones: Se muestra la necesidad de la realización de estudios, no solo casos clínicos, para generar evidencia científica de la TPN en el ámbito de HAD (AU)
Suture dehiscence of the surgical wound due to infection is one of the complications, which make the costs of hospital stay increase. Negative pressure therapy (NPT) is used to treat complex wounds. Objective: to show the effectiveness of TPN of the cavitated abdominal wound, by describing a clinical case, treated at the Home Hospitalization Transversal Device (HH) of Barcelona Clinic Hospital. Methods: The characteristics of the wound, care plan, treatment and evolution during admission to HH are described. Results: This work shows the benefit of the HH with regarding the treatment of wounds with NPT. Conclusions: It is shown the need for studies -not only clinical casesto generate scientific evidence of NPT in the HH setting (AU)
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Humanos , Feminino , Idoso , Tratamento de Ferimentos com Pressão Negativa/métodos , Deiscência da Ferida Operatória/enfermagem , Enfermagem DomiciliarRESUMO
A clínica fenomenológica de Ludwig Binswanger propõe uma nova compreensão sobre a psicopatologia ao realçar a importância na história de vida do paciente. Encontra-se dividida em três fases mostrando a fertilidade de seus estudos psicopatológicos após a leitura de Ser e tempo e através da influência husserliana, com o intuito de esclarecer a constituição da experiência delirante. Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar dois casos clínicos, Lola Voss e Suzanne Urban, para ilustrar a contribuição oferecida por Ludwig Binswanger à psicopatologia fenomenológica em sua segunda e última fase.
Ludwig Binswanger's phenomenological clinic provides a new understanding of psychopathologies by highlighting the importance of patients' life stories. It is divided into three phenomenological stages and shows how fertile his psychopathological studies became after he had read Being and Time and due to Husserl's influence, which he undertook to investigate the formation of delusional experience. This article presents two clinical cases, Lola Voss and Suzanne Urban, to illustrate Ludwig Binswanger's contribution to phenomenological psychopathology in its second and final stage.
La clinique phénoménologique de Ludwig Binswanger propose une nouvelle compréhension de la psychopathologie soulignant l'importance de l'histoire de vie du patient. Les trois phases de sa pensée phénoménologique montrent la fécondité de ses études psychopathologiques, influencées par la lecture de l'Être et Temps et par Husserl, qu'il menait pour élucider la formation de l'expérience délirante. Cet article présente deux cas cliniques, Lola Voss et Suzanne Urban, qui illustrent la contribution apportée par Ludwig Binswanger à la psychopathologie phénoménologique dans sa deuxième et dernière phase.
La clínica fenomenológica de Ludwig Binswanger propone una nueva comprensión de la psicopatología al destacar su importancia en la historia de vida del paciente. Está divida en tres fases, mostrando la fertilidad de sus estudios psicopatológicos tras la lectura de Ser y tiempo, y a través de la influencia de Husserl, a fin de aclarar la constitución de la experiencia delirante. Este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar dos casos clínicos, Lola Voss y Suzanne Urban, para ilustrar la contribución de Ludwig Binswanger a la psicopatología fenomenológica en su segunda y última fase.
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RESUMEN Conocer las patologías más frecuentes facilita la orientación clínica mejorando el pronóstico de los pacientes. Para determinar las patologías que se presentan en caballos (Equus ferus caballus) en la Clínica Veterinaria U.D.C.A, se realizó un estudio retrospectivo, entre enero y diciembre de 2017. Se analizaron 242 historias, clasificando los casos, según la fecha, procedencia, raza, sexo, edad, diagnóstico definitivo, sistema, tratamiento médico-quirúrgico y evolución. La procedencia más frecuente fue del departamento de Cundinamarca y de Bogotá; 55,8% fueron hembras, 44,2% machos, con edad entre 1 día y 25 años; 24% jóvenes, 76% adultos, con edad promedio de 81,5 meses y desviación estándar de 51,7 meses; la raza predominante fue Caballo Criollo Colombiano (CCC). Los sistemas más afectados fueron músculo esquelético (SME), digestivo (SD), y reproductivo; los casos más frecuentes fueron Arpeo idiopático o hipertonía equina refleja, que ocurrió únicamente en CCC; alteraciones del intestino grueso, y criptorquidia, respectivamente. Tratamiento quirúrgico, se dio a 66,5% de los casos, principalmente, a los del SME, digestivo y reproductivo. La mortalidad fue de 13,7%; fallecieron 13 equinos y a 22, se les practicó eutanasia; los casos mortales, se presentaron principalmente en los del SD, relacionados con cólico y ninguno en los de los sistemas respiratorio, órganos de los sentidos y tegumentario. La casuística es amplia y variada; el SME fue el más afectado en los caballos. El compromiso funcional y vital para los animales hace necesario investigar sobre factores de riesgo del Arpeo idiopático y cólico equino.
ABSTRACT Know the most frequent pathologies facilitates the clinical orientation improving the prognosis of the patients. To determine the pathologies that occur in horses at the U.D.C.A Veterinary Clinic, a retrospective study was conducted between january and december 2017. 242 clinical histories were analyzed, classifying the cases according to date, origin, race, sex, age, definitive diagnosis, system, medical-surgical treatment and evolution. The most frequent source was the department of Cundinamarca and the city of Bogotá, 55.8% were females, 44.2% males, age between 1 day and 25 years, 24% young, 76% adults with an average age of 81.5 months and a standard deviation of 51.7 months, the predominant breed was Colombian Creole Horse (CCC). The most affected systems were muscle skeletal (ME), digestive (D), and reproductive, the most frequent cases were classic stringhalt or equine reflex hypertonia, which occurred only in CCC, alterations of the large intestine, and cryptorchidism, respectively. Surgical treatment was given to 66.5% of the cases, mainly to SME, digestive and reproductive cases. Mortality was 13.7%, 13 equines died and 22 were euthanized, fatal cases occurred mainly in those of SD related to colic and none in the respiratory, organs of the senses and integumentary systems. The casuistic is wide and varied, the MES was the most affected in the horses attended, the functional and vital commitment for the animals makes it necessary to investigate the risk factors of the classic stringhalt and equine colic.
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El presente artículo tiene como objetivo principal presentar los resultados de la implementación del aprendizaje basado en problemas (ABP) como estrategia didáctica de integración de los conocimientos teóricos mediante la práctica en la asignatura de Semiología en el programa de formación en Enfermería de la Universidad del Magdalena. La investigación se realizó con base en una metodología mixta e introducción de elementos de participación-acción y mediando casos clínicos para el desarrollo de las habilidades del estudiante en la valoración sistemática del paciente. Se realizó un trabajo de índole cuasiexperimental sobre una muestra de 21 estudiantes de cuarto y quinto semestre, basado en el diseño de cinco casos clínicos. Posteriormente y mediante la aplicación de una encuesta tipo Likert de escala 1 a 7 en conocimientos, habilidades y actitudes, con un total de 54 ítems, se determinaron el acuerdo, la aceptación y la tendencia actitudinal respecto al uso de dicha estrategia didáctica con base en ABP como alternativa de cambio. Los resultados permitieron evidenciar el acuerdo pleno de los estudiantes con los criterios esperados por el ABP, así como la comprobación de su plena disposición respecto a la metodología implementada. En general, el grupo evidenció comprender el aporte de la orientación diferencial que provee el uso del ABP mediante los casos clínicos propuestos en el aula para el desarrollo de la asignatura de Semiología.
Our main objective is to introduce the results of the implementation of the problem-based learning method (ABP in Spanish) as a didactic strategy to integrate theorical knowledge and practice in the course of Semiology in the Nursery program of Madgalena University. Re- search was based in a mixed methodology, with an introduction of elements of participative-action and through the management of cli- nical cases for the development of students' skills in the assessment of patients. We carried out a quasi-experimental work on a sample of 21 students of fourth and fifth semester, based on the design of five clinical cases. After that, we applied a Likert-based survey with a scale of 1 to 7 in knowledge, abilities, and attitudes, with a total of 54 items. We determined the agreement, acceptance and attitude trend regar- ding the use of the didactic strategy based in ABP as an alternative for change. Results allowed us to evidence how the students agreed with the expected criteria of ABP, as well as to prove their willingness to use the implemented methodology. In general, the group showed that they understood the contribution to differential orientation provided by the usage of ABP through the clinical cases proposed in the class- room to carry out the course of Semiology.
Este artigo tem como objetivo principal apresentar os resultados da implantação da aprendizagem baseada em problemas (ABP) como estratégia didática de integração dos conhecimentos teóricos mediante a prática na disciplina de Semiologia, no programa de Enfermagem da Universidad del Magdalena, Colômbia. Esta pesquisa foi realizada com base em uma metodologia mista e em uma introdução de elementos de participação-ação e mediando casos clínicos para desenvolver habilidades do estudante na avaliação sistemática do paciente. Foi realizado um trabalho de índole quase-experimental com uma amostra de 21 estudantes de quarto e quinto período, baseado no desenho de cinco casos clínicos. Em seguida, mediante a aplicação de um questionário tipo Likert de escala de 1 a 7 em conhecimentos, habilidades e atitudes, com um total de 54 itens, foram determinados o acordo, a aceitação e a tendência atitudinal a respeito do uso dessa estratégia didática com base na ABP, como alternativa de mudança. Os resultados permitiram evidenciar o acordo pleno dos estudantes com os critérios esperados pela ABP, bem como a comprovação de sua plena disposição quanto a metodologia implantada. Em geral, o grupo evidenciou compreender a contribuição da orientado diferencial que fornece o uso da ABP mediante casos clínicos propostos na sala de aula para desenvolver a disciplina de Semiologia.
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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: During the undergraduate course students have the opportunity to learn and understand health promotion and prevention, quality of life and other concepts, but they rarely learn about health education, let alone pain. Knowing that there are gaps in the training of health professionals regarding pain, and in the use of pedagogical methodologies that encourage the active construction of knowledge, the objective of this study was to provide an experience about the process of understanding pain neuroscience education from an instrument and the role-playing technique in the academic environment of Physiotherapy students. CASE REPORTS: During a Basic Complexity class, Physiotherapy students from the Ceilândia campus of the University of Brasília were invited to provide care to a fictitious population and develop explanations and lessons about pain and its processes in the human body using the WHOQOL-Bref questionnaire to evaluate the quality of life of the individual and target the care accordingly. CONCLUSION: The experience provided by the simulation of clinical cases was important for the analysis and discussion of challenging issues such as psychological, social and behavioral factors in the health education process in multi and interdisciplinary interventions.
RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Durante a graduação, os acadêmicos têm a oportunidade de aprender e compreender sobre promoção e prevenção de saúde, qualidade de vida, entre outros conceitos, mas raramente a educação em saúde é colocada nas salas de aula, em especial o entendimento da dor. Sabendo que há lacunas na formação de profissionais de saúde relacionadas ao conhecimento da dor e à utilização de metodologias pedagógicas que incentivem a construção ativa do conhecimento, o objetivo deste estudo promoveu um relato de experiência sobre o processo de entendimento e educação em neurociência da dor, por meio de um instrumento e da técnica de dramatização na vivência acadêmica de estudantes de Fisioterapia. RELATO DOS CASOS: Durante a realização de uma aula de Básica Complexidade, alunos do curso de Fisioterapia da Universidade de Brasília - Campus Ceilândia, foram convidados a vivenciarem um atendimento à uma população fictícia e desenvolverem explicações e ensinamentos sobre a dor e seus processos no corpo humano, utilizando o instrumento WHOQOL-Bref para avaliar a qualidade de vida do indivíduo e direcionar o seu atendimento. CONCLUSÃO: A experiência vivenciada por meio de simulações de casos clínicos na disciplina foi importante para a análise e discussão de questões desafiadoras como fatores psicológicos, sociais, e comportamentais no processo de educação em saúde em intervenções multi e interdisciplinar.
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Quaternary prevention has been commonly defined with the "primum non nocere" of classical texts by many authors. The daily life of our primary care consultations are full of patients in which we wondered if we try to obtain the benefit of our intervention will exceed the damage we cause him to intervene. Patients with multiple comorbidities, polypharmacy and complex are common in our consultations and it is becoming more difficult to move the balance of our actions, diagnostic or therapeutic benefit to the side. Through 2 cases often move to the reflection of this problem. Quaternary prevention must also be present in our daily activities.
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Antagonistas de Androgênios/efeitos adversos , Anilidas/efeitos adversos , Conservadores da Densidade Óssea/efeitos adversos , Ciproterona/efeitos adversos , Prescrição Inadequada/prevenção & controle , Indóis/efeitos adversos , Nitrilas/efeitos adversos , Osteoporose/tratamento farmacológico , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Neoplasias da Próstata/tratamento farmacológico , Compostos de Tosil/efeitos adversos , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
Mastectomy is traditionally performed under general anaesthesia and invasive ventilation, and is often complemented with regional techniques. In this setting, tracheal stenosis can pose a challenge to airway management. The aim of this report is to describe the successful management of a 68-year-old woman with severe subglottic tracheal stenosis undergoing mastectomy due to breast cancer. Surgery was performed without airway instrumentation under an opioid-free regimen consisting of thoracic epidural, propofol and dexmedetomidine perfusion, and non-opioid analgesics. Spontaneous ventilation and adequate perioperative analgesia were achieved. Opioid-free anaesthesia without airway instrumentation, consisting of thoracic epidural anaesthesia and sedation, is a good alternative in patients undergoing mastectomy in whom airway manipulation is best avoided.(AU)
La mastectomía se realiza tradicionalmente bajo anestesia general y ventilación invasiva, complementándose a menudo con técnicas regionales. En este contexto, la estenosis traqueal puede suponer un reto para el manejo de la vía aérea. El objetivo de este informe es describir el manejo exitoso de una mujer de 68 años de edad con estenosis traqueal subglótica severa, sometida a mastectomía debido a cáncer de mama. La cirugía se realizó sin instrumentación de la vía aérea bajo un régimen libre de opioides consistente en epidural torácica, propofol y perfusión de dexmedetomidina, y analgésicos no opioides, lográndose ventilación espontánea y analgesia perioperatoria adecuada. La anestesia libre de opioides sin instrumentación de la vía aérea, consistente en anestesia epidural torácica y sedación, es una buena alternativa en pacientes sometidos a mastectomía, en los que es mejor evitar la manipulación de la vía aérea.(AU)
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Humanos , Feminino , Idoso , Pacientes Internados , Exame Físico , Mastectomia , Analgesia Epidural , Anestesia Epidural , Anestesiologia , Estenose TraquealRESUMO
Resumen Este artículo trata la problemática del método para el abordaje bioético de los casos clínicos desde la bioética y analiza las distintas metodologías existentes, resaltando sus aportes y fortalezas, así como sus dificultades. Igualmente, se brindan herramientas de reflexión para la implementación de una metodología adaptada a la realidad mexicana, en las cuales se destacan las características propias de México en el análisis y discernimiento bioético.
Abstract The article deals with the problem of method for a bioethical approach to clinical cases from the standpoint of bioethics, and analyzes the various methodologies that exist, highlighting their contributions and strengths, as well as their difficulties. Tools for reflecting on how to implement a methodology adapted to the context of contemporary Mexican reality are provided as well. They underscore the characteristics particular to Mexico in bioethical analysis and discernment.
Resumo Este artigo trata da problemática do método para a abordagem bioética dos casos clínicos a partir da bioética e analisa as diferentes metodologias existentes, salientando suas contribuições e fortalezas, bem como suas dificuldades. Além disso, oferecem-se ferramentas de reflexão para a implantação de uma metodologia adaptada à realidade mexicana, nas quais se destacam as características próprias do México na análise e no discernimento bioético.
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Humanos , Pacientes , Bioética , Eticistas , Discriminação Psicológica , Metodologia como AssuntoRESUMO
La educación superior se encuentra enfrascada en un constante proceso de mejoras en la calidad de la enseñanza. La carrera de medicina no se encuentra ajena a esta situación y busca alternativas que acerquen cada vez más a los estudiantes de pre grado a un entorno similar al que se enfrentaran una vez que estén graduados. Una alternativa ideal a los problemas de espacio hospitalario son las discusiones de casos clínicos donde si se sigue una metodología correctamente estructurada se logra acercar a los estudiantes a las situaciones reales de la práctica médica cotidiana. Se realiza una revisión bibliográfica con el objetivo de identificar y dar a conocer los elementos organizativos y metodológicos que se deben de seguir para llegar a la feliz realización de la discusión de casos clínicos
Higher education is involved in a constant process of improvements in the quality of education. The medical career is not unaware of this situation and seeks alternatives that will bring more and more students of undergraduate students to an environment similar to the one they will face once they graduate. An ideal alternative to the problems of hospital space are the discussions of clinical cases where, if a properly structured methodology is followed, students are brought closer to the real situations of daily medical practice. A bibliographic review is carried out with the objective of identifying and making known the organizational and methodological elements that must be followed to arrive at the successful completion of the discussion of clinical cases