RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Notwithstanding the strong epidemiological impact of the Chikungunya in the Colombian Caribbean, in 2014, not the entire population were affected in the same way. This study describe the demographic, socio-economic, clinical and epidemiological aspects of the de Chikungunya in Ovejas and Corozal, two neighboring municipalities with high vulnerability in health in the Colombian Caribbean. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed in February 2015. A convenience sampling was carried out in 971 families affected with chikungunya. Also, a socio-demographics, clinical and epidemiological questionnaire was carried out for people who met the definition of suspected Chikungunya clinical case. For the statistical analysis, data and variables, frequencies, proportions and means were compared in the two municipalities studied. A logistic regression model was constructed to explain the effect of factors studied on the risk of family infection (RFI) or likelihood of contagion within each household. Was used the software EpiInfo 7.2.2.2 and a significance level with p-value < 0.05. RESULTS: In Ovejas, 516 households were affected by Chikungunya, 48% (1269/2631) of their inhabitants became sick; in Corozal, 455 families were affected and 42% (839/1999) of their members became sick. The evolution of the epidemic curves of Chikungunya outbreak was different in the two studied areas, the disease was more aggressive in Ovejas. Ten variables were pre-selected by univariate analysis to explain the RFI by Chikungunya, and were integrated into a logistic regression model. The final model was constructed with the following variables: municipality, gender, occupation, family income, use of repellent and fumigation. The logistic model was assessed as appropriate; however, the biases in the selection of the surveyed dwellings and in the selection of symptomatic patients could influence the results. CONCLUSIONS: It was demonstrated the epidemiological complexity of Chikungunya and the serious problem caused in populations with high vulnerability in health. The accurate association observed in the logistic regression model suggests the role of the factors studied as determinant in the rate of infection of the Chikungunya; coverage problems and surveillance in health care, demographic aspect, socio-economic problems and lack of preventive measures could explains the risk of family infection by Chikungunya in some areas tropics of Colombia. TRIAL REGISTRATION: number approval 007-2016 ethics committee-IIBT.
RESUMO
OBJETIVO: se realizó un estudio de cohorte en los Consejos Populares de Báez y Guaracabulla, pertenecientes al municipio Placetas, provincia Villa Clara, para determinar la eficacia de 3 especies de peces fluviales: Gambusia punctata Poey, 1854, Gambusia puncticulata Poey, 1854 y Poecilia reticulata Peter, 1895, en el control de larvas de mosquitos en depósitos utilizados por la población para almacenar agua. MÉTODOS: la investigación se inició en el mes de abril de 2006 y culminó en mayo de 2007, se seleccionaron solo los tanques bajos (interior y exterior de las viviendas) por ser más factibles de evaluar, se trabajó con una muestra de 1 740 depósitos que se dividieron en 2 grupos, los cuales se evaluaron por espacio de 1 año. RESULTADOS: el riesgo de encontrar focos de mosquitos fue superior en el grupo de depósitos que no estaban expuestos a la presencia de peces, la diferencia de riesgo permitió plantear que por cada 100 depósitos tratados con peces, se logró evitar 8 focos de mosquitos. CONCLUSIONES: los peces larvívoros constituyen una excelente alternativa contra las poblaciones larvales de culícidos en depósitos utilizados por la población para almacenar agua, que resulta un factor de protección ante la incidencia de focos de mosquitos.
OBJECTIVE: a cohort study was conducted in People´s councils in Báez and Guaracabulla located in Placetas municipality, Villa Clara province, for the purpose of determining the effectiveness of three river fish called Gambusia punctata Poey, 1854, Gambusia puncticulata Poey, 1854 y Poecilia reticulata Peter, 1895 in the control of mosquito larvae inside water reservoirs used by the population. METHODS: the study began in April 2006 and ended May, 2007; the selected water tanks were placed inside and outside the houses) since they were more easy to be evaluated. The sample covered 1 740 tanks divided into 2 groups and evaluated for one year. RESULTS: the risk of finding mosquito foci was higher in the group of reservoirs non-exposed to the action of fish; this difference allowed stating that 8 mosquito foci were prevented per every 100 reservoirs treated with fish. CONCLUSIONS: larvivorous fish are an excellent choice to treat Cullicidae larval populations existing in water tanks and also a protective factor against incidence of mosquito foci.