RESUMO
Currently, the backbone of therapy for metastatic disease is cytotoxic chemotherapy, along with the recent addition of targeted therapy based on molecular markers with KRAS testing. Despite the improvement in survival for metastatic colon cancer, newer agents are still needed. The clinical activity of TroVax in metastatic colon cancer has been studied in a small number of clinical trials. There is evidence that supports the vaccine's ability to induce humoral and cellular responses, as demonstrated by positive 5T4 and MVA-specific antibody titers and cellular proliferation assays. Future strategies should focus on investigating the immunomodulatory effects of chemotherapy in conjunction with TroVax, understanding the optimal dosing and schedule of the combination, and examining potential predictive biomarkers to determine which patients may benefit from immunotherapy from those who do not.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Vacinas Anticâncer/uso terapêutico , Carcinoma de Células Renais/terapia , Neoplasias do Colo/terapia , Neoplasias Renais/terapia , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Camptotecina/análogos & derivados , Camptotecina/uso terapêutico , Vacinas Anticâncer/imunologia , Antígeno Carcinoembrionário/imunologia , Carcinoma de Células Renais/patologia , Carcinoma de Células Renais/prevenção & controle , Neoplasias do Colo/patologia , Neoplasias do Colo/prevenção & controle , Fluoruracila/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Imunoterapia/métodos , Neoplasias Renais/patologia , Neoplasias Renais/prevenção & controle , Leucovorina/uso terapêutico , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/imunologia , Compostos Organoplatínicos/uso terapêutico , Vacinação , Vacinas de DNA , Vaccinia virus/imunologiaRESUMO
The amnion is a particular tissue whose cells show features of multipotent stem cells proposed for use in cellular therapy and regenerative medicine. From equine amnion collected after the foal birth we have isolated MSCs (mesenchymal stem cells), namely EAMSCs (equine amnion mesenchymal stem cells), from the mesoblastic layer. The cells were grown in α-MEM (α-modified minimum essential medium) and the effect of EGF (epidermal growth factor) supplementation was evaluated. To assess the growth kinetic of EAMSCs we have taken into account some parameters [PD (population doubling), fold increase and DT (doubling time)]. The differentiation in chondrogenic, adipogenic and osteogenic types of cells and their epitope expression by a cytofluorimetric study have been reported. EGF supplementation of the culture medium resulted in a significant increase in PD growth parameter and in the formation of bone nodules for the osteogenic differentiation. By immunohistochemistry the amnion tissue shows a positivity for the c-Kit (cluster tyrosine-protein kinase), CD105 and Oct-4 (octamer-binding transcription factor 4) antigens that confirmed the presence of MSCs with embryonic phenotype.