Use of a Discharge Educational Strategy Versus Standard Discharge Care on Reduction of Vascular Risk in Patients with Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack.

PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW: The burden of ischemic stroke is disproportionally distributed between ethnic and racial subgroups in the USA, minority populations with lower socioeconomic status being at higher risk. These discrepancies are mirrored in susceptibility, primary care, and post-discharge procedures. Post-discharge strategies are of particular importance as their primary goal is to prevent recurrent stroke, which makes up about 25% of stroke cases per year in US. As disadvantaged minorities have faster growing populations, recurrent stroke poses a significant challenge not only for caretakers but also for the health care system as the whole. A number of educational strategies were employed to inform the general public of major symptoms, risk factors, and preventive measures for recurrent stroke. However, over affected subgroups did not prove responsive to such measures as these did not conform to their cultural and sociological specificities. RECENT FINDINGS: The Discharge Educational Strategies for Reduction of Vascular Events Intervention (DESERVE) is a randomized control trial with a one year follow up, set out to investigate the possibility that culturally tailored, community-centered post-discharge strategies would improve compliance to therapy and prevention against secondary stroke. The trial targeted African Americans, Hispanic, and non-Hispanic whites, adapting discharge strategies for each individual group. DESERVE accomplished a significant reduction in blood pressure in the Hispanic intervention group by 9.9 mm Hg compared with usual care. The remaining two groups were not susceptible to these measures. DESERVE holds promise for culturally tailored interventions in the future in a battle against stroke and other chronic diseases.

Assessment of Oropharyngeal Specimens for Discontinuation of Transmission-Based COVID-19 Precautions.

We compared oropharyngeal swab test performance with nasopharyngeal testing for discontinuation of transmission-based COVID-19 precautions. We performed a retrospective review of confirmed COVID-19-positive patients who received paired nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 tests for clearance from isolation from May 4, 2020, to May 26, 2020. Using nasopharyngeal swabs as the reference standard, we calculated the sensitivity, specificity, and negative predictive value of oropharyngeal swabs. We also calculated the kappa between the 2 tests. A total of 189 paired samples were collected from 74 patients. Oropharyngeal swab sensitivity was 38%, specificity was 87%, and negative predictive value was 70%. The kappa was 0.25. Our study suggests that oropharyngeal swabs are inferior to nasopharyngeal swabs for test-based clearance from COVID-19 isolation.