Socioeconomic disparities in the reopening of schools during the pandemic in Chile.

The COVID-19 pandemic produced the most significant disruption in education in history. More than 190 countries suspended in-person instruction, affecting an estimated 1.6 billion students. The reopening of schools has been unequal. Schools in more affluent areas reopened sooner than poorer ones, exacerbating preexisting inequalities. There is limited research about the reopening processes in Latin America, where schools were closed for extended periods. Using a rich administrative dataset, we investigate the gaps in the resumption of in-person instruction in Chilean schools across socioeconomic groups in the fall of 2021. Schools with lower socioeconomic status were significantly less likely to offer in-person instruction. Disparities in reopening decisions were associated with administrative factors rather than economic or local epidemiological conditions.

The Impact and Challenges of Education and Administration in VET on Economic Growth in Oman During the COVID-19 Period.

The COVID-19 pandemic is still a major global health problem that had substantial consequences on people's daily lives. This paper evaluates the impact of education and institutional management on Vocational Education and Training (VET) schools in Oman during the COVID-19 period. The purpose of this study is to understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and identify possible challenges that may affect its impact on economic growth. This qualitative research is used as the main methodology of the study. Qualitative data are collected through convenience sampling of 108 VET college students and staff using interviews and questionnaires. The study revealed that the administration plays an important role in economic growth. The students suggested that the national educational administration of the government of Oman plays an important role in their education and that this in turn churns out industry-ready individuals who will impact the economic growth. The government's role, especially financially post-pandemic lockdown, will be a critical determinant of VET's impact on economic growth. This study introduces a new perspective on education administration from the perspective of students and staff of VET colleges.

Marco Regulatorio para la Inclusión de Estudiantes con Necesidades Educativas Especiales en Chile: un Análisis en Torno a Prácticas Escolares / Normative Framework for the Inclusion of Students with Special Educational Needs in Chile: An Analysis of School Practices

RESUMEN Presentamos una revisión del estado de la legislación sobre educación especial en Chile y un análisis cualitativo de su aplicación en escuelas regulares con Programas de Integración Escolar. Exponemos que la normativa para la integración de niñas/os con Necesidades Educativas Especiales se enmarca en un contexto enfocado en la rendición de cuentas sin criterios comunes que faciliten su interpretación. Como consecuencia, los actores involucrados ponen en práctica las normas de diversas formas, lo que incluye el abordar la normativa respecto a asuntos administrativos y financieros para intentar que no obstaculice la inclusión de manera universal.

ABSTRACT We present a review of the state of legislation on special education in Chile and a qualitative analysis of the concrete application of this regulation in regular schools with School Integration Programs. We expose that the regulations governing the integration of children with Special Educational Needs into regular classes are part of a broader legal context characterized by dispersion and little systematization, focus on accountability and lack of common criteria to facilitate their interpretation. As a result, the actors involved program the standards in a variety of ways, including addressing regulations regarding administrative and financial matters to try not to hinder inclusion in a universal way.

Experiências formativas de gestores relacionados ao curso de Psicologia de uma universidade interiorizada: estudo fenomenológico / Formative experiences of managers associated to the psychology course of an internalized university: phenomenological study

Este estudo objetiva compreender experiências formativas de docentes com funções administrativas relacionadas ao curso de Psicologia de uma instituição de ensino superior situada no interior do estado da Bahia. A pesquisa se orientou qualitativamente pelo Método Fenomenológico Empírico com quatro gestores, cada qual com diferentes funções. As experiências apontam para os seguintes sentidos: motivações para assumir o cargo; implicações e ampliações formativas no trabalho administrativo; desafios e potencialidades da gestão pública em uma universidade interiorizada; crescimento do curso e perspectivas para futuras gestões. Entende-se que não há uma formação prévia para assumir tal cargo e que muitos problemas apontados remetem a um cenário nacional maior, fruto das políticas expansionistas educacionais do ensino superior, que afetam as universidades interiorizadas no trabalho docente e na formação discente. A despeito disso, existem potencialidades relacionadas à formação do psicólogo e a instauração de serviços para acomunidade. Conclui-se com a sugestão de uma pesquisa de contraste entre a capital e o interior

This study aims to understand the formative experiences of teachers with administrative functions related to the Psychology course of a highereducation institution situated in the Bahia state inland. The research was qualitatively oriented by the Empirical Phenomenological Method with four managers, each one with different functions. The experiences led to the following senses: motivations to take office; implications and extensions in administrative work; challenges and potentialities of managing in an inland public university; course growth and perspectives for future management. It is understood that there is no previous education to take over that office, and many problems pointed out refer to a bigger national scenario, a result from educational expansionist politics for higher education that affect the inland universities on teaching work and student formation. In spite of this, there are potentialities related to the formation of psychologists and the establishment of services to the community. In conclusion, it is suggested one research of contrast between the capital and the inland

Sistemas estaduais de avaliação: uso dos resultados, implicações e tendências / State assessment systems: the use of results, implications and trends

O artigo apresenta resultados de pesquisa que analisa sistemas de avaliação implementados por cinco unidades federadas (Bahia, Ceará, Minas Gerais, Paraná e São Paulo), considerando as características vigentes em 2005-2007. Tendo como referência suas especificidades, busca-se explorar como os resultados produzidos vêm informando a formulação e implementação de políticas educacionais, bem como discutir seu potencial para tornar-se um marco da política educacional que efetivamente interfere na gestão das redes de ensino e das escolas. Observou-se que os sistemas tendem a apresentar características semelhantes e tomam como principal referência o Sistema de Avaliação da Educação Básica, de âmbito nacional. Quanto ao uso dos resultados, são tênues ou inexistentes seus impactos ainda que precedidos, na fala de seus propositores, de ampla retórica presente na literatura sobre suas potencialidades. No entanto, a partir do balanço feito pelos próprios gestores dos sistemas, é possível identificar a preocupação de tornar tais sistemas mais efetivos. Assim, já neste estudo, identificam-se iniciativas que procuram transformar a utilização dos dados obtidos em instrumentos de gestão, como as que propõem bônus para professores e funcionários.(AU)

This article presents the results of research that analyzes the assessment systems implemented by five brazilian states (Bahia, Ceara, Minas Gerais, Parana and Sao Paulo), considering their characteristics in 2005-2007. Taking into account their specificity, an attempt is made to explore how the results have been used for formulating and implementing educational policies, as well as their potential for becoming a milestone in educational policy that effectively intervenes in the management of schools systems and schools. It was observed that the systems tend to have similar characteristics, their main point of reference being the Basic Education Assessment System, on national level. As for using the results, their impact is at best tenuous, or even non-existent, even though, in the words of their proponents, it is preceded by powerful rhetoric, as expressed in the literature about its potential. However, from an examination of the systems carried out by the managers themselves, it is possible to identify a concern with making them more effective. So, even in this study initiatives have already been identified that seek to transform the use of the data obtained into a management tool, as the ones that propose offering bonuses to teachers and staff.(AU)

La configuración del campo de la rectoría escolar oficial en Colombia / A Configuraçao do campo da reitoria escolar oficial na Colômbia / The configuration of the official school principalship in Colombia

Este artículo se inscribe en el contexto de las reformas educativas contemporáneas y caracteriza cómo se está configurando el campo de la rectoría oficial escolar en Colombia a partir de las relaciones de poder que se generan entre el rector o rectora y las dimensiones macropolítica y micropolítica de las instituciones educativas. Los resultados muestran cómo el campo de la rectoría está fuertemente regulado por las normas y políticas educativas nacionales y la recontextualización que se hace de éstas en los escenarios macropolíticos locales. El campo del rector o rectora se configura a través de tres líneas de fuerza de dominio que cambian la orientación de la rectoría, afectan su función y generan cambios en sus relaciones: la primera hala al rector o rectora hacia el entorno en búsqueda de recursos, proyectos y relaciones con el gobierno local; la segunda hala al rector o rectora hacia la promoción de la democratización de la institución educativa y el disciplinamiento de los maestros y maestras; la tercera se orienta hacia la rendición de cuentas. Concluimos que la reconfiguración del campo del rector o rectora se da en un contexto socialmente problematizado y signado por amplias expectativas sobre el papel de la escuela y los rectores y rectoras. La labor directiva está marcada por un sesgo altamente administrativo, una orientación hacia el disciplinamiento de los maestros y maestras, y la rendición de cuentas. En medio de restricciones, los rectores y rectoras ensayan estrategias de negociación, y promueven acciones para lograr cumplir con los objetivos institucionales, con las demandas de la comunidad escolar y con las expectativas de su rol.

Este artigo fica no contexto das reformas educativas contemporâneas e caracteriza como se configura o campo da reitoria oficial escolar na Colômbia a partir das relações de poder que se geram entre o reitor e as dimensões macropolítica e micropolítica das instituições educativas. Os resultados indicam como o campo da reitoria está regulado fortemente pelas normas, políticas educativas nacionais e pela sua re-contextualização nos cenários macropoliticos locais. O campo do reitor configura-se através de três linhas de força de domínio que alteram a orientação da reitoria, afetam sua função e geram mudanças nas suas relações. A primeira impulsiona o reitor para o meio na busca de recursos, projetos e relações como o governo local; a segunda impulsiona o reitor para a promoção da democratização da instituição educativa e para o disciplinamento dos professores e das professoras; a terceira orienta-se para a apresentação de relatórios. O artigo conclui que a reconfiguração do campo do reitor se apresenta num contexto socialmente problematizado e caracterizado por expectativas amplas sobre o papel da escola e dos reitores e reitoras. A função diretiva está marcada por um preconceito altamente administrativo, uma orientação para o disciplinamento dos professores e das professoras, como também para a apresentação de relatórios. No meio de restrições, os reitores e as reitoras ensaiam estratégias de negociação e promovem ações para satisfazer os objetivos institucionais, as demandas da comunidade escolar e as expectativas do seu papel.

This article belongs in the context of contemporary school reforms and characterizes how the Colombian school principalship is being configured from the power relations generated between the principal and the macropolitical and micropolitical dimensions in educational institutions. The results show how the field of principalship is heavily regulated by national educational norms and policies and by their corresponding recontextualization in the local macropolitical scenarios. The principalship field is configured through three domain force lines that change the principalship orientation, affect its function and generate changes in their relations. The first force induces the principal towards the search for resources, projects and their relations; the second induces the principal towards the promotion of the democratization of the educational institution and to disciplining both male and females teachers; and the third refers to reporting management activities. The conclusion states that the reconfiguration of the principal's field takes place in context that is socially problematized and marked by wide expectations about the role of schools and by both male and female principals. The directive function is widely marked by a highly administrative bias, an orientation towards the disciplining of teachers and towards the reporting of management activities. In a world of restrictions, the principals try new negotiation strategies and promote actions aiming at meeting institutional objectives, along with the demands from the school and the expectations resulting from their roles.

Thinking of Standardized Construction in Educational Administration Department under the Educational Management System of University and College / 中华医学教育探索杂志

The effectiveness and efficiency of university educational management would have a direct impact on universities' teaching performance.Moreover,it is important to undertake a further reformation for the educational management system of university and college and establish such a standardized,high efficient educational management system.Since they would be the milestones that improve universities'teaching performance constantly and ensure there is a persistent evolution in universities as well.