[Evaluation of the relevance of the pharmaceutical educational interview on the knowledge and satisfaction of patients who received a vagus nerve neurostimulator implantation]. / Évaluation de la pertinence de l'entretien pharmaceutique éducatif sur les connaissances et la satisfaction de patients ayant bénéficié d'une implantation d'un neurostimulateur du nerf vague.

INTRODUCTION: Vagal neurostimulation (VNS) medical devices (MDs) are used to treat drug-resistant epilepsy. Using a magnet, the patient can activate on the stimulations in order to stop a seizure or interrupt the adverse effects (AEs) of the device. The objective is to evaluate the improvement of the patients' knowledge about the VNS following a pharmaceutical educational interview (PEI) as well as their satisfaction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The pharmaceutical educational interview regarding drugs and DMs was performed by the clinical pharmacist at the patient's bed after VNS implantation. A questionnaire about VNS devices (operation, adverse effects, recommendations) and assessing knowledge was submitted to patients before and after the PEI. Satisfaction was assessed by the Likert scale. RESULTS: From March 2020 to August 2021, 18 implanted patients were included in the study. In 78% of cases (14/18), the total number of good responses after PEI increased. The mean good response was significantly increased from 16.11/25 (64%) before PEI to 22.33/25 (89%) after PEI (P-value<0.01). The maximum satisfaction score (4/4) was given in 71% of the items. DISCUSSION-CONCLUSION: The results support the relevance of PEI. Patients feel a need for information and consider the interview useful. An improvement in knowledge was observed, which allows us to hope for an optimization of the effectiveness of the device, in particular, a reduction in seizures and AE. This study shows the feasibility and the interest of the development of clinical pharmacy applied to medical devices in complementarity with the expertise on drugs.

[Training pharmacy students to conduct targeted interviews on oral anticoagulants: Development and evaluation of training using healthcare simulation]. / Formation des étudiants en pharmacie conduisant des entretiens ciblés sur les anticoagulants oraux : élaboration et évaluation d'une formation par la simulation en santé.

OBJECTIVES: Pharmaceutical care for patients receiving oral anticoagulants (OACs) should be performed by trained healthcare professionals to prevent adverse effects and improve patient adherence. Before meeting patients, all pharmacy students in our department (in a one-year hospital internship program) experienced a theoretical training for several years. It was decided to add a practical component based on simulation training. The study reports the simulation program conception and the assessment of the simulation-based training for pharmacy students involved in conducting interviews with patients receiving ACOs. METHODS: Organization and content of the training course were defined by two hospital pharmacists and one pharmacy resident. Skills' assessment was measured in pharmacy students in 3 steps: (1) initial assessment by individual interview, (2) group training by simulation, (3) final assessment by individual interview. Student satisfaction was also assessed at the end of the training. RESULTS: Four scenarios and one assessment form were developed and 16 pharmacy students experienced the training. An improvement in skills after the simulations courses was observed in all parts of the process: the pre-interview (mean +15%), the interview itself (+16%) and the post-interview (+18%). All students felt more comfortable and motivated to conduct interviews and recommended that this training be continued. CONCLUSIONS: The study underlines the impact of the simulation training on students' skills and their satisfaction with the overall training program. The simulation training is now fully added to the program. Further studies should explore the skills improvement in real life during the first patient interview.

[Optimization of the "pharmaceutical consultation" practiced by pharmacists - Review, feedback and future proposals for development since the introduction of the initiative in 2013 focusing on the Calvados area]. / Optimisation des entretiens pharmaceutiques à l'officine ­ Bilan et retour de cette mission mise en place en 2013 et perspectives de développement dans le département du Calvados.

In 2012, a National Agreement of Pharmacists was initiated in France and then amended in 2013 to introduce the "Pharmaceutical consultation". These consultations must be conducted by the pharmacist with the patient in a confidential area in pharmacy or patient residence. The objective is to decrease the frequency of negative side effects of the medical treatments (anti-vitamins k, direct oral anticoagulants and inhaled corticoid) and to improve the correct use of medication therefore assure the safety of the patient. This initiative also recognizes the expertise of the pharmacists who are remunerated with 50 euros per year and per patient from Social Security. This publication is based on a survey conducted in the whole Calvados area and it is based on several individual interviews. It gives a clear picture about how effective the practice has been so far. It shows that the "Pharmaceutical consultation" is currently only proposed to patients by 40% of pharmacists in this area, additionally the practice decreased by 85% in the pharmacies since 2013. However, 8 on 10 pharmacists recognized a real benefit for patients who subscribed for consultation. Independently, the number of non-subsidized conversation initiatives carried out by pharmacists (anti-tobacco, pregnancy, diabetes) are increasing. This finding leads to the investigation of the causes for not practicing the "Pharmaceutical consultation". The causes for not carrying out the consultations were identified, quantified, analysed and classified with a view to proposing short, medium and long time actions to optimize the "Pharmaceutical consultation" in a financially feasible manner. Nine practical proposals were identified and groups in three areas of improvement: communication, remuneration and organization.

[Pharmaceutical interviews for rheumatoid arthritis patients: Perceptions and expectations of community pharmacists]. / Entretiens pharmaceutiques destinés aux patients atteints de polyarthrite rhumatoïde : perceptions et attentes des pharmaciens d'officine.

INTRODUCTION: Rheumatoid arthritis has a low level of medication adherence. Abroad, the community pharmacist has a positive impact on the patients' adherence in several chronic diseases. In France, community pharmacists' missions are developing with the implementation of pharmaceutical interviews. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate community pharmacists' perceptions on the interest and feasibility of pharmaceutical interviews targeting patients with rheumatoid arthritis. METHOD: Semi-structured interviews were conducted between August and October 2017, with pharmacists in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region. The inductive analysis of the interview verbatim was realized by two independent persons. RESULTS: Fifteen community pharmacists highlighted barriers in recruiting patients for the interviews currently possible at the pharmacy, the complexity of the organization and the financing, a weakness of the hospital-to-community liaison. Nevertheless pharmacists were motivated to expand the service to other pathologies. Regarding rheumatoid arthritis, pharmacists would see them in the form of structured interviews preferentially at the pharmacy, in connection or even "prescribed" by physicians for optimal and multi-professional information sharing. Prior training and funding for these interviews should be considered to motivate pharmacists to this activity. CONCLUSION: This study allowed to discuss with community pharmacists their expectations and needs to widen the service of pharmaceutical interviews in the rheumatoid arthritis. These results will have to be taken into account to build a support interviews model for rheumatoid arthritis patients who can be integrated in their daily pharmaceutical activity.

[Overview of the implementation of pharmaceutical interviews in pharmacies in France: Analysis of responses to a questionnaire]. / État des lieux de la mise en place en France des entretiens pharmaceutiques en officine : analyse des réponses issues d'un questionnaire.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the development of pharmaceutical interviews in pharmacies in France, in order to understand the organization implemented, any limitations and the expansion of eligible pathologies. METHOD: A dematerialized questionnaire was designed and distributed between November 2022 and February 2023 to pharmacists and pharmacy students in France (mainland and overseas) via a link to a Google Form. RESULTS: Ninety-four pharmacists from 8 different regions of France responded to the survey. The 94 responses showed that 56% of pharmacists practiced pharmaceutical interviews. Among pharmacists who practiced interviews, pharmacy owners practiced significantly more interviews than other statuses within the pharmacy (67% vs. 38% P=0.014). No other factor, such as dispensary size or geographical area of practice, had a significant impact on whether or not pharmaceutical interviews were carried out. These talks are often carried out at the patient's request, and 89% of them are accompanied by documents for the patient's attention. For pharmacists who do not carry out interviews, time, staffing and remuneration are the 3 main blocking factors found in both quantitative and verbatim variables. Whether or not pharmacists carry out pharmaceutical interviews, this activity received 87% approval from the 94 respondents, and 84% of them would like to include more chronic disease themes. CONCLUSION: The survey shows that pharmacists approve of the pharmaceutical interviewing activity, but it also highlights obvious logistical obstacles linked to a lack of resources. Thus, even among pharmacists who carry out pharmaceutical interviews, this activity is still carried out relatively infrequently on a routine basis, and often by the incumbent pharmacist, who takes on the responsibility of carrying out this activity.