Reference gene selection for quantitative real-time PCR analysis of Hymenopellis radicata under abiotic stress.

Hymenopellis radicata (H. radicata) is an edible fungus rich in protein and mineral elements, with high edible and medical value. And reference genes suitable for normalization of qRT-PCR data from this species have not been investigated. In this study, therefore, we selected 11 housekeeping genes common in biology. The expression levels of these housekeeping genes were measured in three different tissues and six different abiotic stress treatments in mycelium. They were evaluated for expression stability using online tools. The results showed that gene ACT could be stable expressed in all samples. The expressions of genes TUB and UBQ10 are the most stable under heat stress, ACT and EF are the most stable genes under salt stress, ACT and TUB are the most stable genes under oxidation stress, RPL6 and EF are the most stable genes under pH condition, ACT and RPB2 are the most stable genes under cadmium stress, and RPB2 and UBC are the most stable genes under drought condition. ACT and PP2A are the most stable genes at different tissue sites. This study is of great help to explore the gene expression pattern of H. radicata, and also provides reference for internal reference gene screening under other conditions.

Population genetic structure of Hymenopellis radicata germplasm resources based on genome re-sequencing.

Through whole-genome re-sequencing of 18 Hymenopellis radicata germplasm resources collected from diverse regions in China, we identified significant variations in the form of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) and Insertions and Deletions (InDels). These variations were comprehensively annotated, shedding light on the mutation types present in the entire genome of the H. radicata germplasm. This analysis revealed the number and position information of each mutation and provided insights into the overall genomic landscape of H. radicata germplasm. Utilizing SNP data, we delved into the population structure of the 18 H. radicata germplasm resources. The results indicated the presence of 2,335,179 Indel sites and 12,050,448 SNP sites. The population structure analysis unveiled two distinct subgroups among the H. radicata germplasm resources. Phenotypic statistics, principal component analysis, and phylogenetic tree results echoed the findings of the population structure analysis. Different strains of H. radicata from various regions in China exhibited notable differences in genetic diversity, mycelial growth rate, yield, and fruiting body characteristics. Significant disparities were observed between the two subgroups, while strains within each subgroup shared common characteristics. This research establishes a solid foundation for integrating H. radicata into diverse breeding programs. The data underscore the potential of H. radicata for genetic improvement and exploitation in breeding initiatives, paving the way for future advancements in this field.

Three New Recorded Species of the Physalacriaceae on Ulleung Island, Korea.

Most known species in the Physalacriaceae are saprotrophs that grow on decaying leaves and wood, and approximately 21 genera in the Physalacriaceae have been reported worldwide. During an ongoing survey of indigenous fungi in Korea, four specimens belonging to the Physalacriaceae were collected on Ulleung Island. These specimens were identified as three species based on morphological characteristics and molecular analysis of rDNA-internal transcribed spacer sequences. Three species in three genera were shown to be new records in Korea: Hymenopellis orientalis, Paraxerula hongoi, and Ponticulomyces orientalis. The latter two are the first records of these genera in Korea. In this study, we provide detailed morphological descriptions of these species and describe their phylogenetic position within the Physalacriaceae.

Three New Recorded Species of the Physalacriaceae on Ulleung Island, Korea

Most known species in the Physalacriaceae are saprotrophs that grow on decaying leaves and wood, and approximately 21 genera in the Physalacriaceae have been reported worldwide. During an ongoing survey of indigenous fungi in Korea, four specimens belonging to the Physalacriaceae were collected on Ulleung Island. These specimens were identified as three species based on morphological characteristics and molecular analysis of rDNA-internal transcribed spacer sequences. Three species in three genera were shown to be new records in Korea: Hymenopellis orientalis, Paraxerula hongoi, and Ponticulomyces orientalis. The latter two are the first records of these genera in Korea. In this study, we provide detailed morphological descriptions of these species and describe their phylogenetic position within the Physalacriaceae.