Aortic dissection extending from the brachiocephalic artery during transradial coronary catheterization: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Iatrogenic acute aortic dissection (AD) is an extremely rare but devastating complication during cardiac catheterization. It can be treated conservatively if it develops in a retrograde form or manifests as an intramural hematoma (IMH) with a micro-intimal tear in the absence of instability. However, only a few reports exist on its natural course and long-term outcomes. CASE PRESENTATION: A 78-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with acute chest discomfort. Elective cardiac catheterization was performed via the right radial artery. The patient's brachiocephalic artery was so tortuous that the hydrophilic soft guidewire had to be exchanged for a stiffer one. However, the stiff wire caused the dissection of a tortuous brachiocephalic artery that extended from the sinuses of Valsalva to the proximal descending aorta. Emergent computed tomography showed crescentic aortic wall thickening without a dissection flap. The patient had cardiac tamponade and a gradually thickening thrombosed false lumen. Although the patient was unstable during the first 2 weeks, she was stabilized during hospital stay with only conservative treatment. Consequently, she has been well for over 5 years. CONCLUSIONS: Even though the patient showed ominous findings, a good prognosis was expected because the AD was mainly retrograde. Furthermore, the thrombosed false lumen mimicked an IMH on imaging. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of an extensive iatrogenic AD originating from the brachiocephalic artery during right transradial catheterization that was treated conservatively despite clinical instability.

Iatrogenic Aorto-Coronary Dissection: A Rare Complication With Fatal Prognosis.

Iatrogenic aorto-coronary dissection (IACD) is a rare complication of interventional and surgical cardiac procedures, with a very high mortality burden. Here, we report the case of a 71-year-old female with a past medical history of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, mild to moderate aortic insufficiency, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia, who presented with classic anginal symptoms and underwent a cardiac catheterization, during which she suffered Iatrogenic right coronary artery (RCA) dissection and ascending aortic dissection resulting in sudden death. IACD is a rare complication, with a fatal prognosis. Coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are considered safe, with a low risk of major complications including coronary perforations, and a very low risk of Iatrogenic aortic dissection (IAD). The coronary injury occurs more commonly during PCI of chronic total occlusion (CTO) or RCA interventions and can extend to the aortic root. IAD is often fatal and has worse outcomes than spontaneous dissection.

Managing Iatrogenic Aortic Dissection: Insight From 3D Holographic Imaging and CT Computational Fluid Dynamic Simulations.

Iatrogenic aortic dissection is a rare but life-threatening complication of coronary artery bypass surgery. We report a case with incidentally detected iatrogenic aortic dissection related to aorta cross-clamping that was successfully managed with watchful follow-up. The decision making was based on 3-dimensional holographic and fluid dynamic analysis guidance.

Navigating the Unexpected: Iatrogenic Aortic Injuries during Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR).

The introduction of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has undeniably changed the landscape of valvular heart disease management over the last two decades. A reduction in complications through improvements in techniques, experience, and technology has established TAVR as a safe and effective alternative to surgical aortic valve replacement. However, it is important to consider the potential risks associated with TAVR and ways in which life-threatening complications can be identified and managed in a timely fashion. In this article, we review some catastrophic iatrogenic aortic injuries that are described in the literature and present a case of an acute iatrogenic type A aortic dissection that occurred during a transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). After valve deployment, a routine neurologic examination noted the new onset of a left-sided facial droop and upper extremity weakness. Urgent imaging revealed an extensive type A aortic dissection, and the patient was taken to the operating room for surgical repair. The coordination of our multidisciplinary team allowed for prompt recognition of her neurologic symptoms, urgent imaging, and timely transport to the operating room, all of which contributed to the successful management of this life-threatening procedural complication.

Iatrogenic aortic dissection during aortic root replacement in an older Loeys-Dietz syndrome type III patient with no family history of aortic disease: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Iatrogenic aortic dissection during cardiac surgery is a rare but critical complication. At present, no strategies have been developed to prevent it. We herein report a case of intraoperative aortic dissection during aortic root replacement in an older patient with Loeys-Dietz syndrome type III who had no family history of aortic disease. CASE PRESENTATION: A 60-year-old man was admitted to the hospital for Stanford type B acute aortic dissection and given conservative treatment. He was found to have aortic root dilatation and severe aortic regurgitation. Thus, elective Bentall procedure was performed. Postoperative computed tomography showed new Stanford type A aortic dissection that may have developed due to aortic cannulation during surgery. The patient was given conservative treatment and successfully discharged to home at postoperative day 34. Although he had no family history of aortic disease, a genetic test revealed an unreported SMAD3 frameshift mutation (c.742_749dup, p. Gln252ThrfsTer7), and the patient was diagnosed with Loeys-Dietz syndrome type III. CONCLUSION: In patients with connective tissue disorder, aortic manipulations may become the cause of critical complications. Avoiding the use of invasive techniques, such as cannulation and cross-clamping, and implementing treatment strategies, such as perfusion from other sites than the aorta and open distal anastomosis, can prevent these complications, and may be useful treatment modalities. The possibility of connective tissue disease should be considered even if the patient is older and has no family history of aortic disease.

Management of Iatrogenic Aortic Dissections During Percutaneous Right Coronary Artery Interventions.

Iatrogenic acute aortic dissections during percutaneous coronary interventions are an extremely rare but potentially life-threatening complication, occurring in less than 0.02% of transcatheter procedures. We report three patients with different characteristics suffering from iatrogenic aortic dissection during percutaneous coronary intervention successfully treated with an emergency open-heart surgery. A conservative strategy should be pursuit only in small, localized lesions.

Iatrogenic aortic dissection of the descending aorta after percutaneous coronary intervention.

Aortic dissection is a rare and potentially fatal complication of coronary angiography. We report a case of a woman in her late 80s who underwent a left femoral approach coronary angiogram for evaluation of a transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Following the procedure, she had a cardiac arrest and was found to have a descending aortic dissection on transoesophageal echocardiogram. Autopsy showed an acute intimal tear of the descending aorta, most likely related to catheter manipulation. Patients undergoing evaluation for TAVR, who tend to be elderly with concomitant atherosclerosis, are at risk for complications following cardiac catheterisation including aortic dissection.

Focal intramural hematoma as a potential pitfall for iatrogenic aortic dissection during subclavian artery stenting: A case report.

BACKGROUND: Iatrogenic aortic dissection (IAD) is a rare but fatal complication of interventional treatment for the proximal supra-aortic large vessels. Several cases of IAD after endovascular treatment of subclavian artery have been reported. Nevertheless, the pathogenesis of IAD is still unclear. Here we report a patient with IAD following a balloon expandable stent implanted into the left subclavian artery (LSA). CASE SUMMARY: An 84-year-old man with a history of hypertension was admitted to the Neurology Department of our hospital complaining of dizziness and gait disturbance for more than 1 mo. Computed tomography angiography of the head and neck showed severe stenosis at the proximal LSA and the origin of the left vertebral artery. Magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging of the brain revealed subacute infarctions in cerebellum, occipital lobe and medulla oblongata. He suffered a Stanford type B aortic dissection after the proximal LSA angioplasty with a balloon expandable stent. Thoracic endovascular aortic repair was performed immediately with the chimney technique and he was discharged 20 d later. After exploring the pathogenesis with multimodal imaging analysis, an easily neglected focal intramural hematoma (IMH) in the aorta near the junction of the LSA was found to be the main cause of the IAD. The risk of IAD should be sufficiently evaluated according to the characteristics of aortic arch lesions before the proximal LSA angioplasty. CONCLUSION: Focal aortic IMH is a potential risk factor for IAD during a seemingly simple stenting of the proximal LSA.

In situ laser fenestration for revascularization of aortic arch during treatment for iatrogenic type A aortic dissection.

BACKGROUND: Iatrogenic aortic dissection is a rare and fatal complication. Its treatment was challenging and controversial especially in patients with previous cardiac procedure. This study aimed to present the case of a patient with aortic dissection after previous open cardiac surgery who was successfully treated by in situ laser fenestration for revascularization of aortic arch. CASE PRESENTATION: A 65-year-old man suffered severe aortic and mitral valve regurgitation was treated by open cardiac aortic valve replacement (biological valve, Edwards) and mitral valve repair. During the sixth-month follow-up, computed tomography angiography (CTA) scan revealed an aortic dissection that extended from the ascending aorta to both femoral arteries. After stabilized by medical treatment, the patient was treated by endovascular stent-graft implantation and in situ laser (holmium laser, energy: 0 5 J, frequency: 5 Hz.) fenestration for revascularization of aortic arch in our one-stop hybrid operating room. The patient recovered without any clinical complication and was discharged 5 days after the procedure. CONCLUSIONS: Our work suggested that in situ laser fenestration for revascularization of aortic arch is a feasible, effective, and safe treatment in patients with iatrogenic aortic dissection.

Remodelling of the aorta after a catheter-induced acute aortic dissection.

Iatrogenic acute aortic dissection during percutaneous coronary intervention is an extremely rare but critical complication. Although sealing the entry point with a coronary stent is an option to treat localized dissections, more extensive cases may require surgical intervention. We present a case of Type A aortic dissection that occurred during an angioplasty of a chronically occluded right coronary artery. Despite the extent of the dissection, a 'watch-and-wait' strategy was chosen, and repeated imaging a few days later revealed that the aorta had been remodelled to its normal anatomy.

Clampless myocardial revascularization on a healed iatrogenic aortic dissection.

Iatrogenic aortic dissection is an infrequent complication of cardiac catheterization (0.03-0.06%) associated with up to 19% of mortality at 30 days. It was reported to mostly occur when using a 6-Fr guiding catheter to cannulate the right coronary artery. This life-threatening complication usually requires early surgical management and close imaging monitoring and control of systolic blood pressure. This case report describes a patient with iatrogenic aortic dissection during cardiac catheterization in symptomatic coronary artery disease. Conservative management of the limited non-progressive aortic dissection was chosen followed by surgical revascularization with a clampless technique, despite the recent aortic injury.

Triple ultrasonography for iatrogenic acute aortic dissection caused by axillary arterial perfusion.

Iatrogenic aortic dissection caused by axillary arterial cannulation or perfusion becomes a fatal complication of cardiopulmonary bypass when surgeons do not recognize it in the surgical field of view immediately during surgery. Therefore, we routinely monitor the aorta using 'triple ultrasonography' during cardiovascular surgery. An 85-year-old woman underwent partial arch replacement for chronic type A aortic dissection. During cardiopulmonary bypass, acute aortic dissection was observed in the aortic arch from the right axillary artery on real-time transoesophageal echocardiography. Epiaortic and neck surface ultrasonography detected malperfusion of the carotid artery. During femoral arterial perfusion, the patient was rescued with partial aortic replacement. Axillary artery cannulation is useful for cardiopulmonary bypass but confers a risk of iatrogenic aortic dissection that cannot be confirmed by surgeons surgically. The transoesophageal echocardiography can guard the aorta while systemic perfusion is initiated. Furthermore, epiaortic and neck surface echography can be incorporated to transoesophageal echocardiography. Triple ultrasonography allows for the detection of iatrogenic aortic dissection.

A Case of Iatrogenic Aortic Intramural Hematoma.

Iatrogenic aortic dissection during percutaneous coronary intervention is a rare but serious complication. Both conservative and surgical approaches have been proposed as management strategies. We describe a case of an 87-year-old female who presented with an acute coronary syndrome complicated by the development of an ascending aortic dissection during percutaneous intervention, and we provide a brief review of the literature.

Management of Iatrogenic Aortic Dissections During Percutaneous Right Coronary Artery Interventions

ABSTRACT Iatrogenic acute aortic dissections during percutaneous coronary interventions are an extremely rare but potentially life-threatening complication, occurring in less than 0.02% of transcatheter procedures. We report three patients with different characteristics suffering from iatrogenic aortic dissection during percutaneous coronary intervention successfully treated with an emergency open-heart surgery. A conservative strategy should be pursuit only in small, localized lesions.

Conservative Management of Extensive Iatrogenic Aortic Dissection.

Iatrogenic aortic dissection (IAD) is a rare complication of percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). There are no clear guidelines for IAD management, and limited data are available. Registry data and case series combined with extrapolations from our experience with spontaneous Type-A dissections suggest that very limited dissections are often managed conservatively with coronary stenting of the entry tear when possible, while more extensive dissections are managed surgically. We present a case report of a 50-year-old woman who underwent PCI for an ST-elevation myocardial infarction that resulted in an extensive IAD from the ostium of the right coronary artery to the aortic root, ascending aorta, and aortic arch. While the current evidence strongly supports surgical management of such extensive dissection, our patient was successfully managed conservatively with complete resolution according to short-term computed tomography imaging. This case suggests that conservative management may be a reasonable approach for select patients with extensive IAD.

Iatrogenic aortic dissection after minimally invasive aortic valve replacement: a case report.

BACKGROUND: As minimally invasive cardiac and vascular procedures are on the rise, the incidence of iatrogenic acute aortic dissection (IAAD) will increase. Cardiovascular professionals should be aware about the risk factors, means of prevention and best management options for IAAD in the perioperative setting. CASE PRESENTATION: We present the successful clinical management of a complicated case of IAAD after minimally invasive aortic valve replacement. CONCLUSION: High index of suspicion is required for prompt diagnosis of IAAD; collaboration of the whole perioperative team is imperative for management of this catastrophe.

Early Spontaneous Resolution of an Iatrogenic Acute Type A Aortic Dissection.

Acute aortic dissection is a rare but devastating complication during cardiac catheterization. We present the case of an elderly female who incurred a Stanford Type A/DeBakey Type I acute aortic dissection extending into the arch vessels and descending aorta likely occurring during right coronary artery engagement for angioplasty. The patient was treated successfully by immediately sealing the entrance of the dissection via the placement of a stent and anti-impulse therapy. Follow-up computed tomography scan showed complete resolution of the dissection within one month.

Iatrogenic acute aortic dissection type A: insight from the German Registry for Acute Aortic Dissection Type A (GERAADA).

OBJECTIVES: Previous investigators have reported a grave prognosis for iatrogenic acute aortic dissection (iAADA), but such studies are limited by their small sample sizes. The purpose of the current study was to analyse the clinical characteristics, current management and surgical outcomes in a large number of iAADA patients identified through a multicentre registry. METHODS: Between July 2006 and June 2010, 50 centres participated in the German Registry for Acute Aortic Dissection Type A (GERAADA). Of the 2137 patients included, 100 (5%) had iAADA. We compared the clinical features and 30-day outcomes of patients with iatrogenic and spontaneous acute aortic dissection type A (sAADA). RESULTS: Patients with iAADA were older than those with sAADA (67.7 ± 9.4 vs 60.1 ± 13.7 years, P < 0.0001). Preoperative cardiac tamponade and hemiplegia or hemiparesis were less frequently observed in patients with iAADA (10 vs 21%, P = 0.003; 1 vs 7%, P = 0.04). Aortic dissection extended to the supra-aortic vessels (19 vs 38%, P = 0.0005) and to iliac arteries (7 vs 25%, P = 0.0002) less frequently in iAADA patients. Those with iAADA were less likely to undergo complex aortic surgery with composite graft implantation (8 vs 20%, P = 0.02), hemiarch (38 vs 47%, P = 0.04) or total arch replacement (9 vs 17%, P = 0.07). The rate of new onset of hemiplegia or hemiparesis after surgery was also lower in iAADA patients (4 vs 10%, P = 0.05). Thirty-day mortality did not differ between the two groups (16 vs 17% for iAADA vs sAADA, P = 0.53). CONCLUSIONS: Early-term surgical outcomes in current iAADA patients are better than those reported previously. Immediate surgical therapy results in acceptable outcomes similar to those in naturally occurring aortic dissection.

A Case of Intraoperative Iatrogenic Aortic Dissection during Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting / 日本心臓血管外科学会雑誌

A 70-year-old woman diagnosed with angina pectoris was scheduled to undergo off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) using the left internal thoracic artery and the saphenous vein (SVG). We performed a proximal anastomosis of the SVG to the ascending aorta using a clampless proximal anastomotic device. When this device was removed from the ascending aorta after completion of the SVG proximal anastomosis, we noticed the extensive appearance of an ascending aortic adventitial hematoma. Transesophageal echocardiography revealed a flap in the ascending aorta, which was diagnosed as an iatrogenic aortic dissection. The decision was made to immediately perform an additional aortic replacement. There was an intimal tear consistent with the device insertion site, which was identified as the site for the development of aortic dissection. After performing an ascending aortic replacement, coronary artery bypass grafting was performed. Her postoperative course was uneventful, and enhanced CT on postoperative day 12 showed aortic dissection up to the level of the abdominal aorta, but the false lumen was completely thrombosed. Iatrogenic aortic dissection caused by proximal anastomotic device during OPCAB is a very rare but serious complication, and early intraoperative diagnosis and prompt additional surgical treatment were considered necessary to save the patient's life.