RESUMO
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have emerged as the newest pillar of cancer treatment. Immune-mediated toxicities, stemming from increased activity within the T cell lineage, range from asymptomatic or mild complications to those that are fulminant and potentially fatal. Although they are of variable occurrence, cardiovascular, rheumatic, and renal immune-mediated toxicities are among the most serious of these adverse events. We present MASCC recommendations with respect to the workup and management of cardiovascular, rheumatic, and renal immune-mediated toxicities with a focus on presentations that require treatment with immunomodulating agents.
Assuntos
Doenças Cardiovasculares/terapia , Efeitos Colaterais e Reações Adversas Relacionados a Medicamentos/terapia , Inibidores de Checkpoint Imunológico/efeitos adversos , Imunoterapia/efeitos adversos , Nefropatias/terapia , Doenças Reumáticas/terapia , Antígeno CTLA-4/antagonistas & inibidores , Antígeno CTLA-4/imunologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/induzido quimicamente , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Efeitos Colaterais e Reações Adversas Relacionados a Medicamentos/etiologia , História do Século XXI , Humanos , Inibidores de Checkpoint Imunológico/uso terapêutico , Fatores Imunológicos/efeitos adversos , Fatores Imunológicos/uso terapêutico , Agências Internacionais/organização & administração , Agências Internacionais/normas , Nefropatias/induzido quimicamente , Nefropatias/epidemiologia , Neoplasias/epidemiologia , Neoplasias/imunologia , Neoplasias/terapia , Cuidados Paliativos/organização & administração , Cuidados Paliativos/normas , Medicina Paliativa/organização & administração , Medicina Paliativa/normas , Receptor de Morte Celular Programada 1/antagonistas & inibidores , Receptor de Morte Celular Programada 1/imunologia , Doenças Reumáticas/induzido quimicamente , Doenças Reumáticas/epidemiologia , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Sociedades Médicas/organização & administração , Sociedades Médicas/normasRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Allium sativum L., or garlic, is one of the most studied plants worldwide within the field of traditional medicine. Current interests lie in the potential use of garlic as a preventive measure and adjuvant treatment for viral infections, e.g., SARS-CoV-2. Even though it cannot be presented as a single treatment, its beneficial effects are beyond doubt. The World Health Organization has deemed it an essential part of any balanced diet with immunomodulatory properties. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to review the literature on the effects of garlic compounds and preparations on immunomodulation and viral infection management, with emphasis on SARS-CoV- -2. METHODS: Exhaustive literature search has been carried out on electronic databases. CONCLUSION: Garlic is a fundamental part of a well-balanced diet which helps maintain general good health. The reported information regarding garlic's ability to beneficially modulate inflammation and the immune system is encouraging. Nonetheless, more efforts must be made to understand the actual medicinal properties and mechanisms of action of the compounds found in this plant to inhibit or diminish viral infections, particularly SARS-CoV-2. Based on our findings, we propose a series of innovative strategies to achieve such a challenge in the near future.