One-Step Pyrolysis Construction of Bimetallic Atom-Cluster Sites for Boosting Bifunctional Catalytic Activity in Zn-Air Batteries.

Due to their unique advantages, single atoms and clusters of transition metals are expected to achieve a breakthrough in catalytic activity, but large-scale production of active materials remains a challenge. In this work, a simple solvent-free one-step annealing method is developed and applied to construct diatomic and cluster active sites in activated carbon by utilizing the strong anchoring ability of phenanthroline to metal ions, which can be scaled for mass productions. Benefiting from the synergy between the different metals, the obtained sub-nano-bimetallic atom-cluster catalysts (FeNiAC -NC) exhibit high oxygen reduction reactions (ORR) activity (E1/2 = 0.936 V vs. RHE) and a small ORR/oxygen evolution reaction (OER) potential gap of only 0.594 V. An in-house pouch Zn-air battery is assembled using an FeNiAC -NC catalyst, which demonstrates a stability of 1000 h, outperforming previous reports. The existence of clusters and their effects on catalytic activity is analyzed by density functional theory calculations to reveal the chemistry of nano-bimetallic atom-cluster catalysts.

IVDCheckR - simplifying documentation for laboratory developed tests according to IVDR requirements by introducing a new digital tool.

OBJECTIVES: A recent challenge for clinical laboratories is the lack of clear guidelines for handling significant modifications of CE-marked assays. The modifications may involve, for example, extending measurement intervals, changing dilution procedures or using non-validated sample materials. The challenge arises due to the amended Regulation (EU) 2017/746 on in vitro diagnostic medical devices (IVDR), which is now poised for implementation, despite the extended transition periods. The IVDR application imposes challenges not only for diagnostic companies but also for clinical laboratories when using laboratory developed tests (LDTs), often referred to as in-house assays. In this context, a coherent and meticulously structured LDT documentation is highly beneficial. While laboratories are obliged to meet the IVDR requirements, the absence of a streamlined framework or guideline hampers the ability to gain a comprehensive overview on the requirements and possible options for their fulfilment. METHODS: To address this issue, we introduce a web based digital tool powered by an R Shiny web application. This tool facilitates a seamless implementation of IVDR requirements for LDTs across diverse laboratory environments in terms of their transparency and validity. Our approach focuses on adequate handling of significant modifications of CE-marked in vitro diagnostic medical devices (IVD). RESULTS: IVDRCheckR is an open-source tool that is easily accessible and free from system dependencies. The tool promotes a seamless process and a guide to enhance transparency, reliability, and validity of laboratory examination results based on LDTs. Additionally, the tool further provides modules for evaluating quality control data and quantitative method comparison data. CONCLUSIONS: Our Shiny web application-based platform is a digitised, user-friendly tool that simplifies the documentation for LDTs according to IVDR requirements with special emphasis on solutions for handling modifications to CE-marked assays.

In-house validation of an LC-MS method for the multiplexed quantitative determination of total allergenic food in chocolate.

Mass spectrometry has been widely accepted as a confirmatory tool for the sensitive detection of undeclared presence of allergenic ingredients. Multiple methods have been developed so far, achieving different levels of sensitivity and robustness, still lacking harmonization of the analytical validation and impairing comparability of results. In this investigation, a quantitative method has been validated in-house for the determination of six allergenic ingredients (cow's milk, hen's egg, peanut, soybean, hazelnut, and almond) in a chocolate-based matrix. The latter has been produced in a food pilot plant to provide a real and well-characterized matrix for proper assessment of method performance characteristics according to official guidelines. In particular, recent considerations issued by the European Committee for Standardization have been followed to guide a rigorous single-laboratory validation and to feature the main method performance, such as selectivity, linearity, and sensitivity. Synthetic surrogates of the peptide markers have been used both in native and labelled forms in matrix-matched calibration curves as external calibrants and internal standards, respectively. A two-order of magnitude range was investigated, focusing on the low concentration range for proper assessment of the detection and quantification limits (LOD and LOQ) by rigorous calibration approach. Conversion factors for all six allergenic ingredients have been determined for the first time to report the final quantitative information as fraction of total allergenic food protein (TAFP) per mass of food (µgTAFP/gfood), since such a reporting unit is exploitable in allergenic risk assessment plans. The method achieved good sensitivity with LOD values ranging between 0.08 and 0.2 µgTAFP/gfood, for all ingredients besides egg and soybean, whose quantitative markers reported a slightly higher limit (1.1 and 1.2 µgTAFP/gfood, respectively). Different samples of chocolate bar incurred at four defined concentration levels close to the currently available threshold doses have been analyzed to test the quantitative performance of the analytical method, with a proper estimate of the measurement uncertainty from different sources of variability. The sensitivity achieved resulted in compliance with the various threshold doses issued or recommended worldwide.

Epidemiological assessment of hepatitis E virus infection among 1565 pregnant women in Siem Reap, Cambodia using an in-house double antigen sandwich ELISA.

AIM: This study investigated hepatitis E virus (HEV) prevalence among pregnant women in Siem Reap, Cambodia, by developing a cost-effective, user-friendly in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detecting total anti-HEV immunoglobulins (Ig). METHODS: The in-house ELISA was designed for large-scale screening in resource-limited settings. Its performance was benchmarked against two commercial tests: the Anti-HEV IgG EIA (Institute of Immunology, Co. Ltd) and the Anti-HEV IgG RecomLine LIA (Mikrogen). The in-house ELISA demonstrated a sensitivity of 76% and 71.4%, and a specificity of 94.1% and 98.6%, against the two commercial tests, respectively, with overall agreement rates of 92.4% and 94.3%. RESULTS: Among 1565 tested pregnant women, 11.6% were anti-HEV positive. Prevalence increased with age, particularly in women aged 35-40 years and over 40 years. No significant associations were found with education, number of children, family size, or history of blood transfusion and surgery, except for the occupation of the family head as a public officer. Of the total anti-HEV positive women, 22.7% had anti-HEV IgM, indicating recent or ongoing infection. CONCLUSION: The study concluded that the in-house ELISA is a viable option for HEV screening in regions with limited resources due to its high accuracy and cost-effectiveness. It is particularly suitable for large-scale studies and public health interventions in areas where HEV is endemic and poses a significant risk to pregnant women.

Digital Twin Approach for Operation and Maintenance of Transportation System-Systematic Review.

There is a growing need to implement modern technologies, such as digital twinning, to improve the efficiency of transport fleet maintenance processes and maintain company operational capacity at the required level. A comprehensive review of the existing literature is conducted to address this, offering an up-to-date analysis of relevant content in this field. The methodology employed is a systematic literature review using the Primo multi-search tool, adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The selection criteria focused on English studies published between 2012 and 2024, resulting in 201 highly relevant papers. These papers were categorized into seven groups: (a) air transportation, (b) railway transportation, (c) land transportation (road), (d) in-house logistics, (e) water and intermodal transportation, (f) supply chain operation, and (g) other applications. A notable strength of this study is its use of diverse scientific databases facilitated by the multi-search tool. Additionally, a bibliometric analysis was performed, revealing the evolution of DT applications over the past decade and identifying key areas such as predictive maintenance, condition monitoring, and decision-making processes. This study highlights the varied levels of adoption across different transport sectors and underscores promising areas for future development, particularly in underrepresented domains like supply chains and water transport. Additionally, this paper identifies significant research gaps, including integration challenges, real-time data processing, and standardization needs. Future research directions are proposed, focusing on enhancing predictive diagnostics, automating maintenance processes, and optimizing inventory management. This study also outlines a framework for DT in transportation systems, detailing key components and functionalities essential for effective maintenance management. The findings provide a roadmap for future innovations and improvements in DT applications within the transportation industry. This study ends with conclusions and future research directions.

Comprehensive Characterization of Triterpene Saponins in Rhizoma Panacis Japonici by Offline Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry.

Rhizoma Panacis Japonici (RPJ) is an ancient herbal medicine from China that has long been employed for its medicinal benefits in relieving arthritis physical debility and diverse afflictions. The primary bioactive constituents found in RPJ are triterpene saponins, which exhibit numerous pharmacological actions, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulating effects. The present study established a straightforward and effective approach for characterizing triterpene saponins in RPJ. An offline HILIC × RP LC/QTOF-MS method was developed, along with a self-constructed in-house database containing 612 saponins reported in the Panax genus and 228 predicted metabolites. The approach achieved good chromatographic performance in isolating triterpene saponins of RPJ, with the HILIC column as the first dimension (1D) and the BEH C18 column as the second dimension (2D). The developed two-dimensional liquid chromatography system exhibited an orthogonality of 0.61 and a peak capacity of 1249. Detection was performed using a QTOF mass spectrometer in a data-independent manner (MSE) in a negative ion mode. Using the in-house database, the collected MS data were processed by an automatic workflow on UNIFI 1.8.2 software, which included data correction, matching of precursor and product ions, and peak annotation. In this study, 307 saponins were characterized from RPJ and 76 saponins were identified for the first time in Panax japonicus. This research not only enhances our understanding of the chemical characteristics of RPJ but also offers a simple and efficient method for analyzing the complex composition of herbal medicine.

[Molecular and other ancillary tests proposed by The Bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology 2023]. / Les tests moléculaires et autres techniques ancillaires en cytologie thyroïdienne selon Bethesda 2023.

For the first time the 2023 version of The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytology dedicates a whole chapter (chapter 14) to ancillary studies almost exclusively represented by molecular testing. The latest data reported bring some evidence that molecular testing could help to optimize the diagnostic performance of « indeterminate ¼ categories (AUS and NF). Other studies suggest a promising role to guide the management of suspicious of malignancy and malignant categories. Indeed, the recognition of prognostic and predictive biomarkers analyzed on cytological samples, regardless of how it is collected, has progressed thanks to advances in our knowledge of molecular abnormalities of thyroid tumors. The chapter 14 is presented here highlighting the current and emerging roles of « in-house ¼ and commercialized molecular testing as presented by TSBRTC.

Hematological, clinical, immunophenotypic characterization, and treatment outcomes of prognostically significant genetic subtypes of B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A report of 1021 patients from India.

BACKGROUND: The published literature on hematological, clinical, flowcytometric-immunophenotyping, and minimal residual disease outcomes of the prognostically important genetic subtypes of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is scarce from low-income countries. For newer classifications such as BCR::ABL1-like ALLs, the scarcity of patient-level data is even more pronounced. METHODS: The authors performed comprehensive detection of recurrent gene fusions and BCR::ABL1-like ALL cases followed by immunophenotypic profiling and obtained clinical outcome parameters for a large cohort (n = 1021) of patients from India. This cohort included a significant number of patients with BCR::ABL1-like ALL subtype and other genetic subtypes of ALL. RESULTS: Patients with BCR::ABL1-positive and BCR::ABL1-like ALL were significantly older, had male preponderance, and expressed a higher white blood cell count than BCR::ABL1-negative cases (p < .05). Logistic regression modeling of B-lineage-ALL (B-ALL) subtypes revealed that cluster of differentiation (CD)36 is a strong statistically significant predictive marker of BCR::ABL1-like ALL (p < .05). Furthermore, patients with BCR::ABL1-like ALLs show a significantly higher frequency of CD36 expression compared to BCR::ABL1-negative ALLs (p < .05). In terms of clinical symptoms, lymphadenopathy is a strong statistically significant predictive marker in BCR::ABL1-like ALLs compared to BCR::ABL1-negative ALL cases (p < .05). In terms of treatment outcomes, minimal residual disease (MRD) positivity in BCR::ABL1-positive ALL cases were statistically significant (p < .05), and BCR::ABL1-like ALL cases had high MRD-positivity as compared to BCR::ABL1-negative ALL cases but did not show statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: The findings evince the use of novel therapies and personalized treatment regimens to improve the overall survival of the newer incorporated entities in B-ALLs. This is the first report characterizing the hematological, clinical, flowcytometric-immunophenotyping, and minimal residual disease outcomes of the prognostically significant subtypes of ALLs in patients from India. PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY: Characterizing the hematological, clinical, flowcytometric-immunophenotyping, and minimal residual disease outcomes of the prognostically significant subtypes (n = 1021) of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALLs) in patients from India. We have made two independent logistic regression models of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers and clinical symptoms to differentiate prognostically significant subtypes of ALLs. Logistic regression analysis of CD markers revealed CD36 as a strong predictor in BCR::ABL1-like ALL cases compared to BCR::ABL1-negative ALL cases. Logistic regression analysis of clinical symptoms revealed lymphadenopathy significantly predicts BCR::ABL1-like ALLs (p < .05). In terms of treatment outcomes, BCR::ABL1-positive ALL had statistically significant minimal residual disease (MRD) (p < .05), and BCR::ABL1-like ALL cases had high MRD-positivity but did not show statistical significance as compared to BCR::ABL1-negative ALLs.

Hepatitis C subtyping assay failure in UK patients born in sub-Saharan Africa: Implications for global treatment and elimination.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The newly developed direct-acting antivirals have revolutionized the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV), with cure rates as high as 98% in some cohorts. Although genome sequencing has demonstrated that some subtypes of HCV naturally harbor drug resistance associated substitutions (RAS), these are often overlooked as "rarities." Furthermore, commercial subtyping assays and associated epidemiological findings are skewed towards Western cohorts and whole-genome sequencing can be problematic to deploy without significant infrastructure and training support. We thus aimed to develop a simple, robust and accurate HCV subtyping pipeline, to optimize and streamline molecular detection and sequence-based typing of diverse RAS-containing subtypes. METHODS: HCV serum derived from 146 individuals, whose likely source of infection was from sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) was investigated with a novel panel of single round polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays targeting NS5B and NS5A genomic regions. Virus subtype assignments were determined by pairwise-distance analysis and compared to both diagnostic laboratory assignments and free-to-use online typing tools. RESULTS: Partial NS5A and NS5B sequences were respectively obtained from 131 to 135 HCV-positive patients born in 19 different countries from SSA but attending clinics in the UK. We determined that routine clinical diagnostic methods incorrectly subtyped 59.0% of samples, with a further 6.8% incorrectly genotyped. Of five commonly used online tools, Geno2Pheno performed most effectively in determining a subtype in agreement with pairwise distance analysis. CONCLUSION: This study provides a simple low-cost pathway to accurately subtype in SSA, guide regional therapeutic choice and assist global surveillance and elimination initiatives.

Development of an in-house bone marrow collection kit: The Catalan bone marrow transplantation group experience.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Bone marrow (BM) harvesting is one of the essential sources of stem cells for haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. In 2019, commercial BM collection kits became unavailable in Europe. Consequently, we created an in-house BM collection kit as an alternative. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We compared two groups of BM collections. The first collections were taken using an in-house kit from June 2022 through February 2023 and the second with a commercial kit from February 2021 through May 2022. These all took place at seven collection centres (CC). We analysed the harvest quality (cell blood count, CD34+ cells, viability, potency and sterility), the incidents occurring with each kit and the time to neutrophil and platelet engraftment in recipients. RESULTS: A total of 23 donors underwent BM harvesting with the in-house kit and 23 with the commercial one. Both cohorts were comparable regarding donor characteristics, CC and time to procedure. No statistical differences were found in harvest quality between the in-house and commercial kits. A new transfusion set was required in three BM harvests (13%) with the in-house kit because of filter clogging. The median time to neutrophil and platelet engraftment was 21 days for both cohorts and 29 days (in-house) and 33 days (commercial), p = 0.284, respectively. CONCLUSION: The in-house BM collection kit offers a real approach to solve the diminished supply of commercial kits. A higher risk of filter clogging was observed compared with commercial kits due to the lack of 850 and 500 µm filters.

Evaluation of a sterile, filter-based, in-house method for rapid direct bacterial identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing using positive blood culture.

This study aimed to assess the performance of our in-house method for rapid direct bacterial identification (ID) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) using a positive blood culture (BC) broth. For Gram-negative bacteria, 4 mL of BC broth was aspirated and passed through a Sartorius Minisart syringe filter with a pore size of 5 µm. The filtrate was then centrifuged and washed. A small volume of the pellet was used for ID, using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and for AST, using automated broth microdilution. For Gram-positive cocci, 4 mL of BC broth was passed through the Minisart syringe filter. Then, 4 mL of sterile distilled water was injected in the direction opposite to that of the filtration to collect the bacterial residue trapped in the filter. Compared with the conventional method performed with pure colonies on agar plates, 94.0% (234/249) were correctly identified using the in-house method, with rates of 91.4% (127/139) and 97.3% (107/110) for Gram-positive and Gram-negative isolates, respectively. Of 234 correctly identified isolates, 230 were assessed by AST. Categorical agreement and essential agreement were 93.3% and 94.5%, respectively, with a minor error rate of 3.8%, a major error rate of 3.4%, and a very major error rate of 1.6%. Our in-house preparation method showed good performance in rapid direct ID and AST using positive BC broths compared to the conventional method. This simple method can shorten the conventional turnaround time for ID and AST by at least 1 day, potentially contributing to better patient management.

Validation of an expanded, in-house library and an optimized preparation method for the identification of fungal isolates using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry.

The goal of this study was to validate an optimized sample preparation method for filamentous fungal isolates coupled with the use of an in-house library for the identification of moulds using Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) in a multicenter context. For that purpose, three Spanish microbiology laboratories participated in the identification of 97 fungal isolates using MALDI-TOF MS coupled with the Filamentous Fungi library 3.0 (Bruker Daltonics) and an in-house library containing 314 unique fungal references. The isolates analyzed belonged to 25 species from the genus Aspergillus, Fusarium, Scedosporium/Lomentospora, the Mucorales order and the Dermatophytes group. MALDI-TOF MS identification was carried out from hyphae resuspended in water and ethanol. After a high-speed centrifugation step, the supernatant was discarded and the pellet submitted to a standard protein extraction step. The protein extract was analyzed with the MBT Smart MALDI Biotyper system (Bruker Daltonics). The rate of accurate, species-level identification obtained ranged between 84.5% and 94.8% and the score values were 1.8 for 72.2-94.9% of the cases. Two laboratories failed to identify only one isolate of Syncephalastrum sp. and Trichophyton rubrum, respectively and three isolates could not be identified in the third center (F. proliferatum, n = 1; T.interdigitale, n = 2). In conclusion, the availability of an effective sample preparation method and an extended database allowed high rates of correct identification of fungal species using MALDI-TOF MS. Some species, such as Trichophyton spp. are still difficult to identify. Although further improvements are still required, the developed methodology allowed the reliable identification of most fungal species.

MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry has been improved as a diagnostic method for the rapid and reliable identification of filamentous fungi by means of the creation of an expanded database containing reference protein spectra of the most clinically impacting fungal species.

ISO 15189 is a sufficient instrument to guarantee high-quality manufacture of laboratory developed tests for in-house-use conform requirements of the European In-Vitro-Diagnostics Regulation.

The EU In-Vitro Diagnostic Device Regulation (IVDR) aims for transparent risk-and purpose-based validation of diagnostic devices, traceability of results to uniquely identified devices, and post-market surveillance. The IVDR regulates design, manufacture and putting into use of devices, but not medical services using these devices. In the absence of suitable commercial devices, the laboratory can resort to laboratory-developed tests (LDT) for in-house use. Documentary obligations (IVDR Art 5.5), the performance and safety specifications of ANNEX I, and development and manufacture under an ISO 15189-equivalent quality system apply. LDTs serve specific clinical needs, often for low volume niche applications, or correspond to the translational phase of new tests and treatments, often extremely relevant for patient care. As some commercial tests may disappear with the IVDR roll-out, many will require urgent LDT replacement. The workload will also depend on which modifications to commercial tests turns them into an LDT, and on how national legislators and competent authorities (CA) will handle new competences and responsibilities. We discuss appropriate interpretation of ISO 15189 to cover IVDR requirements. Selected cases illustrate LDT implementation covering medical needs with commensurate management of risk emanating from intended use and/or design of devices. Unintended collateral damage of the IVDR comprises loss of non-profitable niche applications, increases of costs and wasted resources, and migration of innovative research to more cost-efficient environments. Taking into account local specifics, the legislative framework should reduce the burden on and associated opportunity costs for the health care system, by making diligent use of existing frameworks.

The additive value of patch testing non-commercial test substances and patients' own products in a clinic of occupational dermatology.

BACKGROUND: Commercial patch test substances do not cover all occupational contact allergens. Workplace materials and in-house test substances are tested to complement the investigation of occupational skin disease (OSD). OBJECTIVES: To quantify the additional value of testing workplace materials and non-commercial in-house test substances in the diagnosis of OSD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients files of 544 patients patch tested at the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health in 2015-2019 were reviewed for occupation, diagnoses and patch test results. RESULTS: OSD was diagnosed in 353 (64.9%) of the patients. A total of 206 (37.9%) patients had occupational allergic contact dermatitis (OACD). In 19 (3.5%) patients, the only clues to the diagnoses of OACD were positive reactions to workplace materials, and in 20 (3.7%) patients, the diagnosis of OACD was based on commercially unavailable test substances. In 167 OACD cases diagnosed by commercial test substances, additional causes were found in 17 by testing patients' own and non-commercial test substances. In 43 (7.9%) cases, positive reactions to workplace materials reinforced diagnoses based on commercial test substances. The overall additive value of testing own products was 16.7% (91 cases). CONCLUSION: We would have missed 39 (18.9%) of our 206 OACD cases if we had solely used commercial test substances.

Investigation of Brucella canis and Brucella abortus Seropositivity by In-House Rapid Slide Agglutination Test and In-House ELISA in Northern Cyprus.

The incidence of Brucella canis (B. canis) in humans is unknown in Northern Cyprus. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of B. canis and Brucella abortus (B. abortus) infection in human sera and evaluated the results obtained by agglutination-based techniques using standardized antigens made from B. canis comparatively. All of the subjects were negative in terms of Rose-Bengal plate test. Undiluted serum samples were initially screened by rapid slide agglutination test (RSAT), and those which were found positive were retested in the dilution of 1/25-1/200. Confirmation of the positive results was performed by using 2-mercaptoethanol standard agglutination test (SAT). The test antigen was prepared from the less mucoid M (-) variant of B. canis, and 1/1,048 titered dog antiserum was used as positive control. In 225 serum samples, 3.6% (8/225) was positive by B. canis M (-) RSAT, 4.4 % (10/225) was positive by B. canis M (-) indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA). 5.3% (12/225) was positive by B. abortus S99 RSAT and 9.8% (22/225) was positive by B. abortus S99 iELISA. Nine samples were positive by both B. abortus S99 RSAT and B. abortus S99 iELISA. Seven samples were positive by both B. canis M (-) RSAT and B. canis M (-) iELISA. One patient was positive by all methods. It is important to evaluate patient samples with RSAT and iELISA. Until the notification system gives better results to the Ministry of Health, in order to reach the real data for Northern Cyprus, multicenter prevalence determination studies should be done for future.

Identification of Clinical Trichosporon asteroides Strains by MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry: Evaluation of the Bruker Daltonics Commercial System and an In-House Developed Library.

Trichosporon asteroides is an emerging yeast-like pathogen commonly misidentified by commercial biochemical identification systems. We evaluated the performance of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry for the identification of 21 clinical T. asteroides strains using the Bruker Daltonics database (BDAL) and an in-house developed library. Mass spectra were obtained by the FlexControl system v.3.4, and characterizations were performed in the Biotyper BDAL database v.4.1 and the developed in-house library. Species identification for T. asteroides failed as all 21 strains were misidentified as T. japonicum (log-scores 1.89-2.19). Extending the existing database was crucial to achieving 100% correct species-level identification and accurate distinction between species. Our results indicate that the commercial BDAL database has no discriminatory power to distinguish between T. japonicum and T. asteroides. Whereas improvement of the current BDAL database is pending, we strongly advise system users not to exclude the possibility of the failure to report T. asteroides.

What every dentist needs to know about in-house clear aligner therapy.

Clear aligner therapy (CAT) has gained popularity in recent years. As technological advancements increase within the field of dentistry, clinicians have opted to prouce orthodontic appliances within their own offices or clinics, often referred to as in-house CAT. Construction of in-house aligners utilizes 3-dimensional printing devices, potentially offering practitioners enhanced control and improving patient comfort. The aim of this article is to review the materials, methods, advantages, disadvantages, and procedural outcomes associated with the fabrication of aligners within a dental office or clinic.

Development and Validation of ScriptTaq COVID PCR: An In-House Multiplex rRT-PCR for Low-Cost Detection.

The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated an extensive testing for active SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, securing affordable diagnostic tests is a struggle for low-resource settings. We report herein the development and validation of an in-house multiplex real-time RT-PCR diagnostic test for the detection of active COVID-19 infection (ScriptTaq COVID PCR). Furthermore, we describe two methods for RNA extraction using either an in-house silica column or silica-coated magnetic beads to replace commercial RNA extraction kits. Different buffer formulations for silica column and silica-coated magnetic beads were tested and used for RNA isolation. Taq polymerase enzyme and thermostable reverse transcriptase enzyme were purified from bacterial clones. Primers/probes sequences published by the WHO and CDC were used for the qualitative detection of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and nucleocapsid (N) genes, respectively. ScriptTaq COVID PCR assay was able to detect up to 100 copies per reaction of the viral RdRP and N genes. The test demonstrated an overall agreement of 95.4%, a positive percent agreement (PPA) of 90.2%, and a negative percent agreement (NPA) of 100.0% when compared with two commercially available kits. ScriptTaq COVID PCR diagnostic test is a specific, sensitive, and low-cost alternative for low-resource settings.

3D-printed SAXS chamber for controlled in situ dialysis and optical characterization.

3D printing changes the scope of how samples can be mounted for small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). In this paper a 3D-printed X-ray chamber, which allows for in situ exchange of buffer and in situ optical transmission spectroscopy, is presented. The chamber is made of cyclic olefin copolymers (COC), including COC X-ray windows providing ultra-low SAXS background. The design integrates a membrane insert for in situ dialysis of the 100 µl sample volume against a reservoir, which enables measurements of the same sample under multiple conditions using an in-house X-ray setup equipped with a 17.4 keV molybdenum source. The design's capabilities are demonstrated by measuring reversible structural changes in lipid and polymer systems as a function of salt concentration and pH. In the same chambers optical light transmission spectroscopy was carried out measuring the optical turbidity of the mesophases and local pH values using pH-responsive dyes. Microfluidic exchange and optical spectroscopy combined with in situ X-ray scattering enables vast applications for the study of responsive materials.

Radiotracer studies to isolate in-house receptors from poultry liver for multi-chemical hazard analysis in selected food and feed.

In-house receptors (IHRs) were isolated from non-immunized poultry liver to analyze selected contaminants and residues in targeted food and feed using 14C- and 3H-labeled radiotracers. Matrix (2 g) was homogenized and centrifuged with the resultant pellet used as IHRs. These were characterized for total protein contents (6.1 mg mL-1) and compared with commercial receptors for aflatoxins (0.28 mg tablet-1) and chloramphenicol (0.12 mg tablet-1). Gel electrophoresis of the IHRs showed a mixture of polypeptides-an important attribute for multi-residues analysis-compared with commercial receptors that presented specific protein bands at 65 kDa (chloramphenicol) and 70 kDa (aflatoxins). The inhibition index of IHRs for aflatoxins B1 and B2 in wheat and bovine feed and chloramphenicol in bovine tissue at, above, and below maximum limits or minimum required performance limits, revealed an inverse relationship between radiotracer and analyte concentrations. Saturation with increased radioligand concentration up to 5.5 kBq indicated higher holding potential. However, increasing incubation time to 30 min did not significantly increase analyte-binding. The IHRs performance was comparable to commercial receptors with control point averages of 348, 410, 555, and 307 counts per minute determined for gentamicin, chloramphenicol, oxytetracycline, and aflatoxin M1, respectively in local milk samples.