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OBJECTIVE: To analyse the prevalence of unwanted loneliness in our context and its association with health from a life cycle and social inequalities perspective. METHOD: Cross-sectional study based on data from the Health Survey of the Basque Country (n = 7.228; response rate 79%). The prevalence of unwanted loneliness, its association with perceived health and mental health, and social inequalities according to social class were analysed. To analyse the association, age-adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) calculated from robust Poisson models were calculated. RESULTS: The feeling of unwanted loneliness affects 23.3% of men and 29.7% of women, being higher in older people and young adults, and in the most disadvantaged social classes. Feeling alone is associated with worse health, both general (PRa men 2.11, 95% confidence interval [95%CI] 1.77-2.51; PRa women 2.10, 95%CI 1.83-2.41) and mental (PRa men 3.95, 95%CI 3.15-4.95; RPa women 3.50, 95%CI 2.99-4.12). Social inequalities in loneliness, as well as the association between it and poor health, was greater among young adults. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the study have important implications for intervention in the reduction and prevention of unwanted loneliness, underlining the importance of the life cycle and social inequalities.
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Estágios do Ciclo de Vida , Solidão , Idoso , Animais , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Espanha/epidemiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To compare worldwide differences in scientific production on fatherhood and motherhood (quantity, start time and evolution over time), to determine the international geographic distribution of articles on fatherhood, and, to examine the relationship between the human development index (HDI), the global gender gap index (GGGI), and the number of articles on fatherhood. METHOD: Descriptive analysis of articles on fatherhood and motherhood from the Scopus database 1788-2016, and longitudinal analysis 2006-2015 of the relationship between scientific production on fatherhood, the HDI and the GGGI, by means of a multilevel model with Poisson distribution and extra-Poisson parameter. RESULTS: We observed four times fewer articles on fatherhood than on motherhood. Articles on fatherhood were developed later than those on motherhood, and most (85%) were published in the last two decades, when they increased more than articles on motherhood. We identified geographical inequalities, with North America, Europe and Oceania leading the way. There is a statistically significant relationship between the increase in the HDI and the GGGI in world countries, and the increase in the articles on fatherhood. CONCLUSIONS: Socially built knowledge around fatherhood and motherhood is unequal. It is essential to develop non-parcelled, undivided and non- reductionist knowledge in the reproductive field. It is necessary to make men visible as fathers in the scientific sphere, to break gender stereotypes, and to incorporate childrearing co-responsibility in social policies and practices as a matter of right.
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Pai , Equidade de Gênero , Bibliometria , Europa (Continente) , Humanos , Masculino , Análise MultinívelRESUMO
Objetivo: sintetizar as evidências científicas sobre a ocorrência de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT) e seus fatores de risco (FR) na população beneficiária do Programa Bolsa Família (PBF). Métodos: trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, cuja busca por publicações de 2004 a 2020 foi feita nas seguintes bases de dados: Literatura Latino-americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) e Indice Bibliográico Español en Ciencias de la Salud (IBECS), via Biblioteca Virtual da Saúde (BVS); Medline, via Pubmed, SCOPUS (via Portal CAPES); e Scientific Electronic Library Online - SciELO. Resultados: foram selecionados 23 artigos, os quais foram agrupados em três categorias: 1) Prevalência dos fatores de risco para DCNT em mulheres beneficiárias do PBF: as mulheres beneficiárias apresentaram piores desfechos no consumo de tabaco, menor prática de atividade física, maior prevalência de diabetes, hipertensão e obesidade; 2) Estado nutricional e insegurança alimentar em crianças, adolescentes e famílias beneficiárias do PBF: os estudos apontaram para uma elevada prevalência de obesidade e coexistência de déficit estatural em crianças beneficiárias; e 3) Consumo alimentar de beneficiários do PBF: foi identificado um padrão não saudável de alimentação. Conclusão: usuários do PBF apresentam elevadas prevalências de fatores de risco para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis e pior padrão alimentar. Esses dados reforçam a importância de o PBF estar sendo direcionado às populações mais vulneráveis, visando mitigar as imensas desigualdades sociais. No entanto, é necessário avançar em outras políticas públicas de proteção social que impactem os determinantes sociais e melhorem a qualidade de vida de extensa camada da população brasileira.(AU)
occurrence and their risk factors (RF) in the Bolsa Família Program (BFP) beneficiary population. Methods: this is an integrative literature review whose search for publications from 2004 to 2020 was carried out in the following databases: Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS) and Indice Bibliográico Español en Ciencias de la Salud (IBECS), via the Virtual Health Library (VHL); Medline, via Pubmed, Scopus (via Portal CAPES); and Scientific Electronic Library Online - SciELO. Results: 23 articles were selected and grouped into three categories: 1) Prevalence of risk factors for NCDs in BFP beneficiary women: beneficiary women had worse outcomes in tobacco consumption, lower physical activity, higher prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, and obesity; 2) Nutritional status and food insecurity in BFP beneficiary children, adolescents and families: the studies pointed to a high prevalence of obesity and coexistence of height deficit in beneficiary children; and 3) Food consumption of BFP beneficiaries: an unhealthy eating pattern was identified. Conclusion: BFP users have a high prevalence of risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases and worse dietary patterns. These data reinforce the importance of the BFP being directed to the most vulnerable populations, aiming to mitigate the immense social inequalities. However, it is necessary to advance other public policies of social protection that impact the social determinants and improve the life quality of a large part of the Brazilian population.(AU)
Objetivo: sintetizar evidencias científicas sobre la ocurrencia de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles (ECNT) y sus factores de riesgo (FR) en la población beneficiaria del Programa Bolsa Familia (PBF). Método: se trata de una revisión bibliográfica integradora, cuya búsqueda de publicaciones entre 2004 y 2020 fue realizada en las bases de datos Literatura Latinoamericana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud (LILACS) e Índice Bibliográfico Español en Ciencias de la Salud (IBECS) a través de la Biblioteca Virtual en Salud (BVS), Medline a través del Pubmed, Scopus (vía Portal CAPES) y Scientific Electronic Library Online - SciELO...(AU)
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Nutrição dos Grupos Vulneráveis , Fatores de Risco , Comportamento Alimentar , Determinantes Sociais da Saúde , Doenças não Transmissíveis/prevenção & controle , Acesso a Alimentos Saudáveis , Qualidade de Vida , Estado NutricionalRESUMO
Resumen Introducción: la obesidad es un problema de salud mundial que ha sido vinculada con la posición social de las personas. Si bien la evidencia que relaciona estas variables es clara, se ha puesto menos atención a los mecanismos por medio de los cuales estas variables pueden asociarse. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar si la posición social se relacionaba directamente con obesidad abdominal e indirectamente vía percepción de discriminación, afectividad negativa y calidad de la dieta, y el rol moderador del apoyo social. Método: 420 funcionarios de una universidad chilena. Se midió el perímetro de cintura como proxy de obesidad, se utilizaron instrumentos de autorreporte para variables psicológicas y conductuales. Resultados: análisis de ecuaciones estructurales revelaron que la posición social no se asoció directamente con obesidad abdominal, pero sí a través de una secuencia de mediación que incluyó la percepción de discriminación, afectividad negativa y calidad de la dieta. El apoyo social no moderó estas relaciones. Conclusión: se identifican mecanismos que median el nexo entre posición social y obesidad abdominal. Se destaca la relevancia de considerar variables psicológicas y conductuales subyacentes en esta relación.
Abstract Introduction: Obesity is a health problem worldwide that has been linked to social position. Although the evidence linking these variables is sound, little attention has been paid to the mechanisms by which these variables can be associated. We sought to determine whether social position is directly related to abdominal obesity and indirectly via perceived discrimination, negative affectivity and diet quality, and the moderating role of social support. Method: Four hundred and twenty participants from a Chilean University were selected. Obesity was measured through waist circumference and self-reported measures were used to asses psychological and behavioral variables. Results: Structural equation modeling allowed us to estimate that social position was not directly related to abdominal obesity, but indirectly via a sequenced mechanism that included perceived discrimination, negative affectivity and diet quality. Social support did not moderate these associations. Conclusion: We identified underlying mechanisms that mediate the association between social position and abdominal obesity. We highlight the relevance that psychological and behavioral variables has in obesity.
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Resumen El artículo presenta un análisis sincrónico de los padecimientos que acompañaron la emergencia de la COVID-19, la gestión e impactos del confinamiento y un análisis de cómo los medios de comunicación narraron esos fenómenos en los barrios populares de las áreas metropolitanas de Buenos Aires y Gran Resistencia, entre marzo y noviembre 2020. Se aplicaron métodos cuantitativos a fuentes secundarias para describir la pobreza y las sindemias, y se realizó un relevamiento etnográfico y mediático semana a semana en 38 barrios con limitaciones en el abastecimiento de agua y hacinamiento crítico. Como resultado, la COVID-19 emerge en sindemia con dengue, sarampión y tuberculosis y las medidas de prevención incrementan la violencia institucional y de género, el efecto Werther y desatención en otros padecimientos. La etnografía revela sindemia con enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles y los efectos de la violencia estructural sobre la salud. El análisis de los medios muestra interés sobre los barrios asociado al temor de contagio, pero una vez disipado, desaparecen de la agenda mediática.
Abstract This paper presents a synchronic analysis of the diseases during the emergence of COVID-19, the management and impact of the lockdown, and how the media narrated these events in working-class neighborhoods of the metropolitan areas of Buenos Aires and Gran Resistencia from March to November 2020. We resorted to quantitative methods on secondary sources to describe poverty and syndemics and conducted week-by-week ethnographic and media research on 38 neighborhoods with water shortages and critical overcrowding. As a result, COVID-19 syndemically emerged with dengue, measles, and tuberculosis, and the preventive measures exacerbated institutional and gender violence, the Werther effect, and the neglect of other illnesses. Ethnography revealed syndemics with noncommunicable diseases and the influence of structural violence on health. The media analysis shows interest in the districts associated with the fear of contagion, but they disappear from the media agenda once dispelled.
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Resumo Objetivo Identificar as competências e estratégias de ensino para abordagem das desigualdades utilizadas na formação em enfermagem, indicando convergências e divergências nas perspectivas de docentes e discentes de enfermagem. Métodos Pesquisa descritiva, dados obtidos de questionário online respondido por 183 discentes e 86 docentes/coordenadores(as) de cursos de graduação em Enfermagem das diferentes regiões do Brasil. As variáveis foram referentes à caracterização dos participantes, temáticas vinculadas às desigualdades, preparo para atuar nas desigualdades e estratégias para desenvolver competências. Foram criados escores para dimensionar o grau de abordagem das desigualdades e a concordância quanto ao preparo para lidar com públicos vulnerabilizados. Foi considerado nível de significância de 5%. Resultados Participaram do estudo majoritariamente mulheres, brancas, vinculadas a instituições de ensino público da região Sudeste do país. Houve alto grau de concordância quanto à abordagem das desigualdades na formação em enfermagem, exceto para a temática de Advocacia em Saúde. Identificou-se limites da formação para atuar junto às pessoas privadas de liberdade, indígenas e quilombolas. Temas relacionados à Desigualdade são ensinados especialmente por meio de ações de extensão, palestras/eventos, disciplinas obrigatórias e atividades práticas/estágios. Contraditoriamente, as aulas foram indicadas como a principal estratégia de ensino para o desenvolvimento das diversas competências frente às desigualdades, que devem ser apreendidas ao longo do curso. Conclusão Há alto grau de concordância nas perspectivas de docentes e discentes sobre a abordagem das desigualdades na formação em enfermagem, com exceção da abordagem de iniquidades em saúde. Indica-se a necessidade de expandir o olhar sobre grupos sociais historicamente negligenciados.
Resumen Objetivo Identificar las competencias y estrategias de enseñanza para el abordaje de las desigualdades utilizadas en la formación en enfermería, indicando convergencias y divergencias en las perspectivas de docentes y de discentes de enfermería. Métodos Investigación descriptiva, datos obtenidos del cuestionario en línea respondido por 183 discentes y 86 docentes/coordinadores(as) de cursos universitarios de Enfermería de las distintas regiones de Brasil. Las variables se refirieron a la caracterización de los participantes, temáticas vinculadas a las desigualdades, preparación para actuar en las desigualdades y estrategias para desarrollar competencias. Se crearon puntuaciones para dimensionar el grado de abordaje de las desigualdades y del nivel de acuerdo y desacuerdo con relación a la preparación para manejarse con públicos en condiciones de vulnerabilidad. Se consideró un nivel de significación del 5 %. Resultados Participaron del estudio mayoritariamente mujeres, blancas, vinculadas a instituciones de enseñanza pública de la región Sureste del país. Se verificó un elevado de acuerdo con relación al abordaje de las desigualdades en la formación en enfermería, excepto para la temática de Abogacía en Salud. Se identificaron límites en la formación para actuar con las personas privadas de libertad, indígenas y comunidades cimarronas. Temas relacionados con la Desigualdad se enseñan especialmente por medio de acciones de extensión, conferencias/eventos, asignaturas obligatorias y actividades prácticas/pasantías. Contradictoriamente, las clases fueron indicadas como la principal estrategia de enseñanza para el desarrollo de las distintas competencias frente a las desigualdades, que se deben aprehender a lo largo del curso. Conclusión Hay un elevado grado de acuerdo en las perspectivas de docentes y de discentes sobre el abordaje de las desigualdades en la formación en enfermería, con excepción del abordaje de iniquidades en la salud. Se indica la necesidad de expandir la mirada sobre grupos sociales que históricamente padecieron negligencia.
Abstract Objective To identify the competencies and teaching strategies to address the inequalities used in nursing education, indicating convergences and divergences in the perspectives of nursing professors and students. Methods This is a descriptive research, data obtained from an online questionnaire answered by 183 students and 86 professors/coordinators of undergraduate nursing courses from different regions of Brazil. The variables were related to the characterization of participants, themes linked to inequalities, preparation to act on inequalities and strategies to develop competencies. Scores were created to measure the degree of approach to inequalities and agreement on the preparedness to deal with vulnerable audiences. A significance level of 5% was considered. Results The study included mostly white women, linked to public education institutions in southeastern Brazil. There was a high degree of agreement regarding the approach to inequalities in nursing education, except for the theme of Health Advocacy. Training limits were identified to work with people deprived of liberty, indigenous and quilombola populations. Themes related to inequality are taught especially through outreach actions, lectures/events, compulsory subjects and practical activities/internships. Contradictorily, the classes were indicated as the main teaching strategy for developing the various competencies in the face of inequalities, which must be learned throughout the course. Conclusion There is a high degree of agreement in the perspectives of professors and students on the approach to inequalities in nursing education, with the exception of the approach to health inequities. The need to expand the view on historically neglected social groups is indicated.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Competência Profissional , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Estudantes de Enfermagem , Educação em Enfermagem , Docentes , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Objetivo: el objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la desigualdad en la TMN entre departamentos del Perú, generada por la pobreza y educación, en los años 2011 y 2019. Materiales y métodos: estudio eco-lógico basado en el análisis de desigualdades sociales en salud recomendada por la Organización Mundial de la Salud. El indicador de salud fue la TMN y como estratificadores de equidad se seleccionaron a la pobreza, medida como la existencia de al menos una necesidad básica insatisfecha por departamento, y a la educación, promedio de años de estudio de las mujeres en edad fértil por departamento. Se calculó la desigualdad absoluta (BA), relativa (BR) y el índice de concentración de salud (ICS). Resultados: se encontró mayor TMN en departamentos con mayor pobreza y menor educación. En la TMN generada por la pobreza la BA se redujo de 8,13 a 2,24 entre 2011-2019 y la BR de 2,08 a 1,31. La BA de la TMN según educación pasó de 4,50 a 2,31 y la BR de 1,62 a 1,28. El ICS registró valores cercanos a cero y con tendencia a la reducción; en el 2019 fue 0,07 para la pobreza y 0,06 para la educación. Conclusiones: existe desigualdad en la mortalidad neonatal entre departamentos del Perú según pobreza y la educación, habiéndose reducido entre el 2011 y 2019 principalmente en la población pobre o menos educada. El Ministerio de Salud debe continuar reduciendo la mortalidad neonatal impulsando intervenciones con mayor enfoque poblacional. (AU)
Objective: this study aimed to analyze inequality in the neonatal mortality rate (NMR) between depart-ments in Peru, generated by poverty and education, in the years 2011 and 2019. Materials and methods: ecological study based on the analysis of social inequalities in health, recommended by the World Health Organization. The health indicator was the NMR. Poverty, measured as the existence of at least one un-met basic need per department, and education, average years of study of women of childbearing age per department, were selected to stratify equity. We calculated the absolute inequality gap (AG), the relative inequality gap (RG) and the health concentration index (HCI). Results: a higher NMR was found in departments with greater poverty and less education. In the NMR generated by poverty, the AG decrea-sed from 8.13 to 2.24 between 2011-2019 and the RG from 2.08 to 1.31. The AG of the NMR according to education dropped from 4.50 to 2.31 and the RG from 1.62 to 1.28. The HCI registered values close to zero and with a decreasing trend; in 2019 it was 0.07 for poverty and 0.06 for education. Conclusions: there is inequality in neonatal mortality between departments in Peru according to poverty and edu-cation, which decreased between 2011 and 2019 mainly in the poor or less educated population. The Ministry of Health should continue to reduce neonatal mortality by promoting interventions with a greater population focus.
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Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Mortalidade Infantil , Peru , Pobreza , Escolaridade , Determinantes Sociais da SaúdeRESUMO
RESUMEN Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la desigualdad en la TMN entre departamentos del Perú, generada por la pobreza y educación, en los años 2011 y 2019. Materiales y métodos: Estudio ecológico basado en el análisis de desigualdades sociales en salud recomendada por la Organización Mundial de la Salud. El indicador de salud fue la TMN y como estratificadores de equidad se seleccionaron a la pobreza, medida como la existencia de al menos una necesidad básica insatisfecha por departamento, y a la educación, promedio de años de estudio de las mujeres en edad fértil por departamento. Se calculó la desigualdad absoluta (BA), relativa (BR) y el índice de concentración de salud (ICS). Resultados: Se encontró mayor TMN en departamentos con mayor pobreza y menor educación. En la TMN generada por la pobreza la BA se redujo de 8,13 a 2,24 entre 2011-2019 y la BR de 2,08 a 1,31. La BA de la TMN según educación pasó de 4,50 a 2,31 y la BR de 1,62 a 1,28. El ICS registró valores cercanos a cero y con tendencia a la reducción; en el 2019 fue 0,07 para la pobreza y 0,06 para la educación. Conclusiones: Existe desigualdad en la mortalidad neonatal entre departamentos del Perú según pobreza y la educación, habiéndose reducido entre el 2011 y 2019 principalmente en la población pobre o menos educada. El Ministerio de Salud debe continuar reduciendo la mortalidad neonatal impulsando intervenciones con mayor enfoque poblacional.
ABSTRACT Objective: This study aimed to analyze inequality in the neonatal mortality rate (NMR) between departments in Peru, generated by poverty and education, in the years 2011 and 2019. Materials and methods: Ecological study based on the analysis of social inequalities in health, recommended by the World Health Organization. The health indicator was the NMR. Poverty, measured as the existence of at least one unmet basic need per department, and education, average years of study of women of childbearing age per department, were selected to stratify equity. We calculated the absolute inequality gap (AG), the relative inequality gap (RG) and the health concentration index (HCI). Results: A higher NMR was found in departments with greater poverty and less education. In the NMR generated by poverty, the AG decreased from 8.13 to 2.24 between 2011-2019 and the RG from 2.08 to 1.31. The AG of the NMR according to education dropped from 4.50 to 2.31 and the RG from 1.62 to 1.28. The HCI registered values close to zero and with a decreasing trend; in 2019 it was 0.07 for poverty and 0.06 for education. Conclusions: There is inequality in neonatal mortality between departments in Peru according to poverty and education, which decreased between 2011 and 2019 mainly in the poor or less educated population. The Ministry of Health should continue to reduce neonatal mortality by promoting interventions with a greater population focus.
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Humanos , Feminino , Pobreza , Mortalidade Infantil , Educação , Determinantes Sociais da Saúde , Fatores Socioeconômicos , EscolaridadeRESUMO
Objetivo: analizar las características sociodemográficas de la población urbana de Zaragoza afectada por COVID-19. Objetivos específicos: describir dicha población según edad, sexo, origen, nivel socioeconómico y destino tras la consulta; describir las características de los contagios por COVID-19; y analizar la asociación entre el origen de la población, el nivel socioeconómico y el contagio por contacto estrecho. Método: estudio descriptivo transversal con los casos contagiados de COVID-19 entre febrero y septiembre de 2020 de un centro de salud urbano en Zaragoza, España (N= 1.277). Los datos se obtuvieron de la base de datos de Atención Primaria, las bases públicas de Aragón, del Servicio de Vigilancia en Salud Pública y de las encuestas epidemiológicas de rastreo. Se realizaron pruebas de Chi cuadrado con una significación estadística p< 0,05. Resultados: se incluyeron 1.277 casos (100%). El 54,74% era mujer con una mediana de edad de 39 años, el 62,02% era población extranjera, el 62,96% tenía una renta inferior a 18.000 anuales y el 91,3% volvió al domicilio tras la consulta. Un 67,80% tuvo un contacto con una persona contagiada principalmente en el domicilio (62,63%). Se halló asociación entre el origen de la población y el nivel de renta, siendo inferior en las personas extranjeras (p< 0,001), quienes tuvieron además más contagios por contacto estrecho (p= 0,009), especialmente en el ámbito domiciliar frente al social de la población autóctona (p= 0,039). Conclusiones: la pandemia por COVID-19 afecta de manera más acusada a las poblaciones vulnerables, especialmente a la población extranjera con menos recursos. Se deben impulsar estrategias de educación de salud adaptadas a la comunidad.(AU)
Objective: to analyse the sociodemographic characteristics of the urban population of Zaragoza affected by COVID-19. Specific objectives: to describe said population according to age, gender, origin, socioeconomic level, and destination after consultation; to describe the characteristics of COVID-19 contagions; and to analyse the association between the origin of the population, their socioeconomic level, and infection by close contact. Method: a cross-sectional study with the cases of COVID-19 contagion between February and September 2020, from an urban Primary Care Centre in Zaragoza, (N= 1,277). Data were retrieved from the Primary Care database, the public bases from Aragon, the Public Health Surveillance Service, and the epidemiological screening surveys. Square Chi tests were conducted, and statistical significance was p< 0.05. Results: the study included 1,277 cases (100%); 54.74% were female with a median age of 39 years, 62.02% were of foreign origin, 62.96% had an income <18,000 euros per year, and 91.3% went back home after the consultation. 67.80% of them had contact with an infected person, mainly at home (62.63%). An association was found between the origin of the population and their income level, which was lower for foreigners (p< 0.001), who also presented a higher number of contagions due to close contact (p= 0.009), particularly in the home setting vs. the social setting for the native population (p= 0.039). Conclusions: the COVID-19 pandemic had a higher impact on vulnerable populations, particularly the foreign population with lower income. Health education strategies must be promoted, which are adapted to the community.(AU)
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Humanos , Feminino , Betacoronavirus , Espanha , Infecções por Coronavirus/epidemiologia , Pandemias , Coronavírus Relacionado à Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave , 16128 , Estudos Populacionais em Saúde Pública , Populações Vulneráveis , 57919 , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Estudos Transversais , Epidemiologia DescritivaRESUMO
Objetivo: Conocer las principales necesidades, problemas de salud y barreras de acceso al sistema sanitario identificadas por jóvenes marroquíes en situación administrativa irregular en un barrio de Granada. Material y métodos: Estudio cualitativo descriptivo con perspectiva fenomenológica mediante grupos focales. El ámbito de estudio fue el barrio del Albayzin de Granada. El tamaño final de la muestra se determinó por la saturación del discurso en relación con el objetivo (29 personas). Las entrevistas se grabaron y transcribieron literalmente. Se llevó a cabo un análisis narrativo del contenido. Las categorías del análisis se generaron de forma mixta. Para asegurar la calidad del estudio se triangularon los datos. Resultados: La tarjeta sanitaria es un elemento clave para el acceso al sistema sanitario, pero su obtención se presenta como inalcanzable para algunos entrevistados. La posesión de permisos de residencia y/o de trabajo es identificada como la principal necesidad de salud. El idioma, el miedo a ser denunciados o la discriminación en el trato también son señaladas como barreras de acceso. Las patologías agudas y de salud mental son identificadas como principales problemas de salud, condicionadas por sus determinantes sociales. Todas estas categorías tienen consecuencias sobre el uso de los servicios sanitarios. Conclusiones: La situación de exclusión social de la población entrevistada afecta a su salud física y mental. Las barreras de acceso al sistema sanitario condicionan el uso que estos hacen de los recursos sanitarios. Son necesarias intervenciones destinadas a disminuir las barreras de acceso al sistema sanitario y las desigualdades sociales. (AU)
Objective: To recognize the most important health needs, health problems and access barriers to the Health System that determine the use of health services of young Moroccan migrants in an irregular administrative situation living in a Granada neighbourhood. Material and methods: A descriptive, qualitative study with phenomenological perspective was conducted using focus groups. The study area was Albayzin, a neighbourhood in Granada. Definitive sample size was determined by saturation of the discourse in relation to the objective (29 people). Interviews were recorded and transcribed literally. A narrative analysis of the content was performed. The analysis categories were generated in mixed form. To ensure the quality of the study, data were triangulated. Results. The Health Card is a basic element to access the Health System but obtaining this is reported as unattainable for some migrants. Obtaining Spanish residency and/or a work permit are identified as major health needs. Language, fear of being reported and discrimination are also barriers to access the health system. Acute and mental health pathologies are the main health problems, determined by their social conditions. All these categories have consequences on the use of health services. Conclusions. The physical and mental health of the population interviewed are affected by social exclusion. Access barriers to the healthcare system limit use of health resources. Interventions are needed to reduce access barriers to the healthcare system and social inequality. (AU)
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Humanos , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde , 50334 , Emigração e Imigração , Participação da Comunidade , Pesquisa Qualitativa , EspanhaRESUMO
O objetivo foi analisar as desigualdades econômica, racial e geográfica nos comportamentos de risco para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis dos adultos brasileiros. Estudo transversal realizado com os dados do Vigitel (Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Proteção para Doenças Crônicas por Inquérito Telefônico) de 2019. Os comportamentos de risco analisados foram tabagismo, consumo abusivo de álcool, inatividade física, excesso de peso, consumo regular de refrigerante ou suco artificial e consumo não regular de frutas, legumes e verduras. As desigualdades nos comportamentos de risco foram avaliadas considerando escolaridade e macrorregião de moradia dos brasileiros, por meio do índice de desigualdade absoluta (slope index of inequality - SII). Gráficos equiplots também foram construídos para melhor ilustrar as desigualdades. Para todas as análises, foi utilizado o comando svy do Stata devido à complexidade do processo amostral. Foram avaliados 52.395 indivíduos. Desigualdades importantes nos comportamentos de risco para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis foram observadas: ter baixa escolaridade concentrou a grande maioria dos comportamentos de risco. Tabagismo e consumo de refrigerante foram mais observados na Macrorregião Sul do país. São necessárias políticas públicas que visem reduzir as desigualdades encontradas, permitindo a melhoria nos indicadores de saúde da população brasileira.
This study analyzes the economic, racial, and geographic inequalities in risk behaviors for chronic non-communicable diseases of Brazilian adults. This is a cross-sectional study conducted with data from the 2019 Vigitel (Risk and Protective Factors Surveillance System for Chronic Noncomunicable Diseases Through Telephone Interview). The analyzed risk behaviors were smoking, alcohol abuse, physical inactivity, overweight, regular consumption of soft drinks or artificial juice drinks, and non-regular consumption of fruits, legumes, and vegetables. Inequalities in risk behaviors were assessed considering Brazilian's schooling level and their dwelling region, via the slope index of inequality (SII). Equiplots graphs were also built to better illustrate the inequalities. Stata svy command was used for all analyses due to the complexity of the sampling process. In total, 52,395 patients were evaluated. Significant inequalities in risk behaviors for chronic non-communicable diseases were observed: most risk behaviors were concentrated in those with low schooling. Smoking and soft drinks consumption were more observed in the Southern region of Brazil. Public policies are necessary to reduce the inequalities found, allowing for improvement in health indicators of the Brazilian population.
El objetivo fue analizar las desigualdades económicas, raciales y geográficas en los comportamientos de riesgo sobre las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles entre los adultos brasileños. Estudio transversal, realizado con los datos de Vigitel (Vigilancia de Factores de Riesgo y Protección para Enfermedades Crónicas No Transmisibles por Entrevista Telefónica) 2019. Los comportamientos de riesgo analizados fueron el tabaquismo, el abuso del alcohol, la inactividad física, el sobrepeso, el consumo habitual de refrescos o zumos artificiales y el consumo no habitual de frutas, verduras y legumbres. Las desigualdades en los comportamientos de riesgo se evaluaron teniendo en cuenta la educación y el macrorregión de residencia de los brasileños, mediante el índice de inequidad absoluto (slope index of inequality - SII). También se construyeron gráficos equiplot para ilustrar mejor las desigualdades. Para todos los análisis, se utilizó el comando svy de Stata debido a la complejidad del proceso de muestreo. Se evaluó a un total de 52.395 personas. Se observaron importantes desigualdades en los comportamientos de riesgo para las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles: tener un bajo nivel educativo concentró la gran mayoría de los comportamientos de riesgo. El tabaquismo y el consumo de refrescos se observaron más en la región Sur del país. Se necesitan políticas públicas para reducir las desigualdades encontradas, permitiendo la mejora de los indicadores de salud de la población brasileña.
Assuntos
Doenças não Transmissíveis/epidemiologia , Assunção de Riscos , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Brasil/epidemiologia , Doença Crônica , Estudos Transversais , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Objetivo: Analizar la prevalencia de soledad no deseada en nuestro contexto y su asociación con la salud desde una perspectiva del ciclo vital y las desigualdades sociales. Método: Estudio transversal a partir de los datos de la Encuesta de Salud del País Vasco (n = 7.228; tasa de respuesta 79%). Se analizaron la prevalencia de soledad no deseada, su asociación con la salud percibida y la salud mental, y las desigualdades sociales según clase social. Para analizar la asociación se calcularon razones de prevalencia (RP) ajustadas por edad calculadas a partir de modelos de Poisson de varianza robusta. Resultados: El sentimiento de soledad no deseada afecta al 23,3% de los hombres y al 29,7% de las mujeres, siendo mayor en las personas de edad avanzada y en adultos jóvenes, y en las clases sociales más desfavorecidas. Sentirse solo/a se asocia con una peor salud, tanto general (RPa hombres 2,11, intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC95%] 1,77-2,51; RPa mujeres 2,10, IC95% 1,83-2,41) como mental (RPa hombres 3,95, IC95% 3,15-4,95; RPa mujeres 3,50, IC95% 2,99-4,12). Las desigualdades sociales en la soledad, así como la asociación entre esta y la mala salud, fueron mayores entre las personas adultas jóvenes. Conclusiones: Los resultados del estudio tienen importantes implicaciones para la intervención en la reducción y la prevención de la soledad no deseada, destacando la importancia del ciclo vital y las desigualdades sociales. (AU)
Objective: To analyse the prevalence of unwanted loneliness in our context and its association with health from a life cycle and social inequalities perspective. Method: Cross-sectional study based on data from the Health Survey of the Basque Country (n = 7.228; response rate 79%). The prevalence of unwanted loneliness, its association with perceived health and mental health, and social inequalities according to social class were analysed. To analyse the association, age-adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) calculated from robust Poisson models were calculated. Results: The feeling of unwanted loneliness affects 23.3% of men and 29.7% of women, being higher in older people and young adults, and in the most disadvantaged social classes. Feeling alone is associated with worse health, both general (PRa men 2.11, 95% confidence interval [95%CI] 1.77-2.51; PRa women 2.10, 95%CI 1.83-2.41) and mental (PRa men 3.95, 95%CI 3.15-4.95; RPa women 3.50, 95%CI 2.99-4.12). Social inequalities in loneliness, as well as the association between it and poor health, was greater among young adults. Conclusions: The results of the study have important implications for intervention in the reduction and prevention of unwanted loneliness, underlining the importance of the life cycle and social inequalities. (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estágios do Ciclo de Vida , Solidão , Estudos Transversais , Espanha/epidemiologia , Envelhecimento , Fatores SocioeconômicosRESUMO
Fundamentos: Los hábitos de vida, influenciados por factores socioeconómicos y culturales, se relacionan con la etiologíade enfermedades cuyo factor de riesgo es una alimentación poco saludable. La dieta es un elemento clave entre los elementos modificables. La observación participante empleada en esta investigación favorece el conocimiento real de la comunidad.El objetivo de este estudio ha sido observar la influencia de los determinantes sociales sobre los hábitos de compra de productos alimenticios en supermercados de dos barrios urbanos de Gijón de distinto nivel socioeconómico. Métodos: Se realizó una observación participante bajo unenfoque etnográfico en dos barrios con diferente nivel socioeconómico.Resultados: La población que acudió al supermercado en el barrio de nivel socioeconómico más alto era mayoritariamente femenina, realizaban la compra en familia o pareja, observaronetiquetados nutricionales y presentaron tendencias de consumo más saludables. En cambio, en el barrio con el nivelsocioeconómico más bajo, se observó mayor consumo de productos no saludables, compras individuales y mayor gestión de la economía. Conclusiones: El abordaje de los problemas de salud asociados a la alimentación debe realizarse desde una práctica de salud pública que abarque estrategias de educación, género,económicas y legislativas para poder afrontar el problema de forma integral. (AU)
Background: Life habits are related to the etiology of some diseases whose risk factor is an unhealthy diet and are highly influenced by socio-economic and cultural factors. Diet is a key element among the modificable risk factors. Participant observation used in this investigation favors the real knowledge of the study community. The objective of this study is to observe the influence of social determinants on the purchasing habits of food products in supermarkets in two urban neighborhoods of Gijón with different socioeconomic status. Methods: A participative observation was made under an ethnographic approach in two neighbourhoods with different socio-economic levels. Results: The population that went to the supermarket in the neighborhood with the highest socioeconomic level was mainly female, made the purchase in family or couple,observed nutritional labels and presented healthier consumption trends. In contrast, in the neighborhood with the lowest socioeconomic level, a higher consumption of unhealthy products was observed, as well as individual purchase and greater management on the economy (shopping list). Conclusions: Addressing health problems associated with diet must be carried out from a public health practice that encompasses educational, gender, economic and legislative strategies to be able to approach the problem in an integralway. (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Dieta Saudável/etnologia , Economia dos Alimentos , Abastecimento de Alimentos , EspanhaRESUMO
RESUMEN Este artículo presenta los resultados de una revisión bibliográfica sistemática en relación con las últimas investigaciones académicas sobre enfermedad de Chagas, población migrante y determinantes sociales. Por medio de un análisis de contenido categorial temático, los resultados dan cuenta de una predominante visión biomédica centrada en el control sanitario y en estrategias de educación hacia colectivos con la enfermedad de Chagas por sobre aquella que considera los determinantes sociales como factores que inciden en la transmisión de Chagas en migrantes. Desde una mirada interseccional, el artículo propone complejizar la forma de comprender el Chagas, aunando una perspectiva multidimensional y una aproximación transdisciplinar, que considere distintos ejes y factores de desigualdad que pueden incidir en las vivencias de las personas con Chagas, pero además que plantee críticamente los discursos y prácticas del ámbito de la salud.
ABSTRACT This article presents the results of a systematic bibliographic review in relation to the latest academic research on Chagas disease, the migrant population, and social determinants. By means of an analysis of thematic categorical content, the results reveal a predominant biomedical vision focused on health control and educational strategies for groups with Chagas disease over that which considers social determinants as factors that affect the Chagas transmission in migrants. From an intersectional perspective, the article proposes to make the way of understanding Chagas more complex, combining a multidimensional perspective and a transdisciplinary approach, which considers different axes and inequality factors that can influence the experiences of people with Chagas, but also critically considers discourses and practices in the field of health.
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RESUMEN La equidad es un asunto pendiente en la agenda sanitaria española. Este artículo explora el papel que los profesionales sanitarios otorgan a los determinantes sociales de salud y a los medios que disponen para abordarlos. Analiza también las relaciones que establecen entre el incremento de ciertas enfermedades y la inseguridad alimentaria. Uno de sus objetivos es determinar el modo en que la incertidumbre creciente es abordada en los servicios de atención primaria. Presentamos un estudio cualitativo llevado a cabo entre 2018 y 2019 en seis centros de atención primaria de las ciudades de Reus y Tarragona, donde han participado 19 profesionales activos en las áreas de enfermería, medicina general y trabajo social. Los resultados indican que la falta de recursos de estos centros dificulta integrar el enfoque de los determinantes sociales de salud y amortiguar así las desigualdades. Además, la falta de acciones estructurales reduce su respuesta a las necesidades de salud de la ciudadanía.
ABSTRACT Equity is an unresolved issue on the Spanish healthcare agenda. This paper explores the importance that health professionals give to social determinants of health and the means they possess to address them. It also analyzes the relationship between food insecurity and increases in certain diseases. One of its objectives is to ascertain how increasing uncertainty is being addressed in primary healthcare services. We present a qualitative study carried out in six primary care centers in the cities of Reus and Tarragona between 2018 and 2019, involving 19 practitioners active in the areas of nursing, family practice, and social work. Results indicate that the lack of resources in primary care centers makes it difficult to integrate a social determinants of health approach, and thus to mitigate inequalities. Furthermore, a lack of structural actions diminishes the ability to respond to citizens' healthcare needs.
Assuntos
Humanos , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Atenção à Saúde , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Espanha , Pesquisa QualitativaRESUMO
Resumo Objetivo Analisar a associação entre as desigualdades sociais e sanitárias, condições socioeconômicas, segregação espacial e letalidade por COVID-19 em Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil. Métodos Estudo ecológico de casos confirmados e óbitos por COVID-19, tendo como unidades de análise os 119 bairros de Fortaleza. Calcularam-se os indicadores de incidência, mortalidade e letalidade aparente por COVID-19, entre 1º de janeiro e 8 de junho de 2020. Indicadores socioeconômicos foram extraídos do Censo Demográfico do Brasil de 2010. Foi realizada análise espacial e calculados índice global e local de Moran. Resultados Foram encontrados 22.830 casos confirmados, 2.333 óbitos e uma letalidade aparente de 12,7% (IC95% 11,6;13,9). Observaram--se autocorrelações espaciais significativas para letalidade aparente (I=0,35) e extrema pobreza (I=0,51), sobrepostas em diversos bairros da cidade. Conclusão A letalidade aparente por COVID-19 está associada a piores condições socioeconômicas e de saúde, demonstrando a relação entre desigualdades sociais e desfechos de saúde em tempos de pandemia.
Resumen Objetivo Analizar la asociación entre las desigualdades sociales y sanitarias, condiciones socioeconómicas, segregación espacial y letalidad por COVID-19 en Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil. Métodos Estudio ecológico de casos y defunciones confirmadas por COVID-19, se utilizaron, como unidades de análisis, 119 barrios de Fortaleza. Se calcularon los indicadores de incidencia, mortalidad y letalidad aparente por COVID-19, entre el 1 de enero y el 8 de junio de 2020. Los indicadores socioeconómicos se extrajeron del Censo Demográfico de Brasil 2010. Se realizó un análisis espacial y calculados los índices Global y Local de Moran. Resultados Se encontraron 22.830 casos confirmados, 2.333 muertes y una letalidad aparente de 12,7 (IC95% 11,6;13,9). Se observaron autocorrelaciones espaciales significativas para letalidad aparente (I=0,35) y extrema pobreza (I=0,51) que se sobreponen en diversos barrios de la ciudad. Conclusión La letalidad por COVID-19 está asociada con peores condiciones socioeconómicas y sanitárias, demostrando la relación entre desigualdades sociales y los resultados de salud en tiempos de pandemia.
Abstract Objective To analyze the association among social and health inequalities, socioeconomic status, spatial segregation and Case Fatality Rate (CFR) due to COVID-19 in Fortaleza, the state capital of Ceará, Brazil. Methods This was an ecological study of confirmed cases and deaths due to COVID-19. The 119 neighborhoods of Fortaleza were used as units of analysis. Incidence, mortality and apparent CFR indicators due to COVID-19 were calculated between January 1 and June 8, 2020. Socioeconomic indicators were obtained from the 2010 Brazilian Demographic Census. Spatial analysis was performed and local and global Moran's indexes were calculated. Results There were 22,830 confirmed cases, 2,333 deaths and the apparent CFR was 12.7% (95% CI 11.6;13.9). Significant spatial autocorrelations between apparent CFR (I=0.35) and extreme poverty (I=0.51), overlapping in several neighborhoods of the city, were found. Conclusion The apparent CFR due to COVID-19 is associated with the worst socioeconomic and health status, which shows the relationship between social inequalities and health outcomes in times of pandemic.
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INTRODUCTION: Income inequality is directly related to the mental health of the population. However, the relationship between income inequality and suicide rates in Colombia has still not been explored. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the relationship between inequality and suicide rates in Colombia from 1994 to 2013. METHODS: An ecological study was conducted, in which the correlation was estimated (Spearman) between inequality (Gini coefficient) and suicide rate between 1994 and 2013, according to official information available from the National Administrative Department of Statistics (DANE), and the National Institute of Forensic Science and Forensic Medicine. RESULTS: A Gini coefficient between 0.53 and 0.60 (median, 0.65 [interquartile range, 0.54-0.57]) was observed, and suicide rates were between 3.84 and 5.26 (median, 4.20 [4.08-4.86]). The correlation between inequality and suicide rates was positive and statistically significant (r=.70; p<.001). CONCLUSIONS: There is a positive association between economic inequality and suicide rate in Colombia. It is important to achieve greater equity in the distribution of income to reduce suicide rate in the country.
Assuntos
Suicídio/estatística & dados numéricos , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Humanos , Renda , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Resumen Introducción. El objetivo de este estudio es determinar si existen inequidades de esperanza de vida en Costa Rica, en función de la provincia de nacimiento y el sexo, entre 2013 y 2017. Se valora el rol de las muertes violentas (homicidios y accidentes de tránsito) en dichas inequidades. Metodología. Se calcularon la esperanza de vida bruta y teórica (sin las muertes violentas) entre 2013 y 2017 a partir de dos padrones electorales, del registro de nacimientos y del registro de defunciones. La población estudiada sumó más de 4 millones de personas y más de 93 000 defunciones durante el período de estudio. Resultados. Existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas de esperanza de vida, según la provincia de nacimiento en Costa Rica. La mayor diferencia fue hallada en los hombres al comparar la provincia de Limón (76.1 años) versus el resto de las provincias del país (entre 77.6 años en San José y 78.7 en Alajuela). Las muertes violentas permiten explicar parcialmente esta diferencia, sin embargo la asociación continúa siendo significativa una vez que se toma este factor en cuenta en el modelo. Para las mujeres, los resultados son relativamente similares en las siete provincias, con un mínimo de 82.6 años en Puntarenas y San José, y un máximo de 83.2 en Alajuela. Conclusión. Las inequidades de esperanza de vida según la provincia de nacimiento existen en Costa Rica, pero se concentran sobre todo en los hombres que nacieron en la provincia de Limón. La ausencia de relación clara entre el desarrollo de la provincia y la esperanza de vida, en particular en las mujeres, es interesante y merece mayor investigación.
Abstract Introduction. The objective of this study is to determine the existence of life expectancy inequities depending on the province of birth in Costa Rica, according to sex, between 2013 and 2017. The role of violent deaths (homicide and traffic accidents) in these inequities is disentangled. Methods. The gross and theoretical life expectancy (without violent deaths) between 2013 and 2017 is calculated from two Electoral rolls, the Birth Registry and the Death Registry. The sample size is superior to 4 million and more than 93,000 people died during the study period. Results. There are statistically significant differences in life expectancy, according to the province of birth in Costa Rica. The greatest difference in life expectancy was found when comparing the province of Limón (76.1 years) versus the rest of the provinces of the country in men (between 77.6 years in San José and 78.7 in Alajuela). The homicide rate and mortality due to traffic accidents partially explain this difference, but the association is still significant. For women, despite being significantly different, life expectancies are similar in the seven provinces, with a minimum of 82.6 years in Puntarenas and San José, and a maximum of 83.2 in Alajuela. Conclusion. The inequities of life expectancy according to the province of birth exist in Costa Rica, but are concentrated in men who born in the province of Limón. The absence of a clear relation between province's wealth and life expectancy, particularly in women, is surprising and deserves more research.
Assuntos
Humanos , Demografia , Expectativa de Vida ao Nascer , Desigualdades de Saúde , Costa RicaRESUMO
Resumo: Objetiva compreender e analisar as diversas manifestações de linguagem produzidas ao longo de uma experiência de ensino dohip hop e seus desdobramentos para o reconhecimento juvenil de jovens e adultos com deficiência intelectual e autismo. Também problematiza as possíveis contribuições dessa experiência para os processos de inclusão social dos envolvidos. Adota a pesquisa qualitativa fundamentada na pesquisa-ação existencial. Foram considerados a partir da análise categorial de conteúdos. A pesquisa evidenciou que o processo de mediação da cultura hip hop fomentou a compreensão sobre as diversas formas e possibilidades de linguagem produzidas com o grupo de modo crítico e criativo, sem desconsiderar as potencialidades, o protagonismo e o reconhecimento da condição juvenil ou adulta dos participantes. Favorece, assim, os processos de inclusão social, ao proporcionar momentos de reconhecimento social e de produção de linguagem, contribuindo com a redução do hiato na interlocução com os demais sujeitos sociais.
Abstract: This article aims at understanding and analyzing distinct instances of language produced during a hip-hop teaching experience and its consequences for social recognition of the condition of youth and adults with disabilities. It also discusses the possible contributions of that experience to processes of social inclusion of those involved. Methods: qualitative research based on existential research-action, based on categorical content analysis. Results: the mediation process of hip-hop culture fostered understanding of the various forms and possibilities of language produced in or with the group in a critical and creative way, without disregarding the potentialities, the central role and the recognition of the project participants' condition as youth or adults. Conclusions: the experience favored processes of social inclusion by providing moments of social recognition and language production, thus contributing to reduce the gap in their interlocution with other social subjects.
Resumen: Busca comprender y analizar las diversas manifestaciones de lenguaje producidas a lo largo de una experiencia de enseñanza del hip-hop y sus desdoblamientos para el reconocimiento juvenil de jóvenes y adultos con deficiencia intelectual y autismo. También problematiza las posibles contribuciones de esa experiencia para los procesos de inclusión social de los involucrados. Adopta la investigación cualitativa fundamentada en la investigación-acción existencial. Fueron considerados a partir del análisis de categoría de contenidos. La investigación mostró que el proceso de mediación de la cultura hip-hop fomentó la comprensión sobre las diversas formas y posibilidades de lenguaje producidas con el grupo de modo crítico y creativo, sin desconsiderar las potencialidades, o protagonismo y el reconocimiento de la condición juvenil o adulta de los participantes, favoreciendo los procesos de inclusión social, al proporcionar momentos de reconocimiento social y de producción de lenguaje, contribuyendo con la reducción de la brecha en la interlocución con los demás sujetos sociales.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Educação Física e Treinamento , Transtorno Autístico , Dança , Inclusão Social , Deficiência IntelectualRESUMO
Resumen Introducción: el objetivo dei artículo es analizar Ias desigualdades en cuanto a la realización de actividad física para mejorar la condición física o para hacer deporte, determinadas por distintos factores sociales, geográficos y demográficos, así como por algunas de las interacciones entre estos factores. Para ello, se recurrió a la estrategia de análisis cuantitativo de datos secundarios. La fuente utilizada es la Encuesta Nacional de Factores de Riesgo, realizada sobre una muestra probabilística de hogares urbanos de Argentina, en el 2009. Desarrollo: para examinar los datos, se realizó un análisis descriptivo bivariado y, luego, regresiones logísticas binarias, en las que se incorporaron interacciones, para poner a prueba diversas hipótesis sobre el efecto de las distintas variables independientes, así como de su interseccionalidad. Conclusiones: los resultados muestran la importancia de considerar un enfoque interseccional e incorporar interacciones en las regresiones logísticas binarias para comprender la naturaleza multiplicativa de las desigualdades en la práctica de actividad física, que los modelos multivariados aditivos no pueden captar.
Abstract Introduction: The aim of this article is to analyze inequalities in the practice of physical activity for enhancing physical conditions or for doing sports, generated by different social, geographical and demo-graphical determinants, as well as some of their interactions. Development: A quantitative analysis of secondary data was conducted. The source is the National Survey of Risk Factors, based on a probabilistic sample of urban households in Argentina, in 2009. Firstly, it is presented a descriptive bivariate analysis and, secondly, binary logistic regressions to test hypotheses on the net effect of different independent variables are shown and incorporated interactions within them to observe their intersectionality. Conclusions: Findings show the importance of considering an intersectional approach to account for the multiplicative nature of inequalities in the practice of physical activity, which most used multivariate models fail to show.
Resumo Introdução: o objetivo do artigo é analisar as desigualdades na realização de atividade física para melhorar a condição física ou para fazer esporte, geradas por distintos determinantes sociais, geográficos e demográficos, assim como algumas de suas interações. Para isto se recorreu à estratégia de análise quantitativo de dados secundários. A fonte utilizada é a Enquete Nacional de Fatores de Risco, realizada sobre uma amostra probabilística de lares urbanos da Argentina no año 2009. Desenvolvimento: para examinar os dados se realizou uma análise descritiva bivariada e logo regressões logísticas binarias, nas que se incorporaram interações em seu interior, para pôr a prova diversas hipóteses sobre o efeito das distintas variáveis independentes assim como de sua interseccionalidade. Conclusões: os resultados mostram a importância de considerar um enfoque interseccional e incorporar interações ao interior das regressões logísticas binárias para compreender a natureza multiplicativa das desigualdades na prática de atividade física, que os modelos multivariados aditivos não podem captar.