The scientific path of Jakub Frostig in the light of his correspondence with the leading representatives of world psychiatry - from psychoanalysis and phenomenological approach to biological psychiatry. Part 2. Towards biological psychiatry. / Droga naukowa Jakuba Frostiga w swietle jego korespondencji z czolowymi przedstawicielami psychiatrii swiatowej ­ od psychoanalizy i podejscia fenomenologicznego do psychiatrii biologicznej. Czesc 2. W strone psychiatrii biologicznej.

In the second part of the article devoted to Jakub Frostig (1896-1959), his research from the 1930s on insulin coma treatment is presented in a broader context. Frostig began his research in the psychiatric hospital Zofiówka in Otwock and continued after his emigration to the United States. Thanks to new sources, we managed to determine the reasons underlying Frostig's departure from Poland. At the end of the 1930s, the issue of emigration became a necessity for him, saving his life and his family. Frostig was well aware of the political atmosphere at the time and the threats that followed. The inability to make a scientific career in Poland was the first impulse to look for a job abroad. After taking over the post of director of Zofiówka in 1933, this factor ceased to be decisive. The feeling of danger born on the wave of European anti-Semitism, especially in Germany, after Hitler came to power, came to the fore. Efforts to obtain awork permit in Switzerland and Australia proved unsuccessful. Eventually, just before the outbreak of World War II, Frostig managed to emigrate to the USA, where he concentrated on popularizing the treatment of psychiatric disorders with insulin comas in the local psychiatric environment. He did not accomplish a scientific career in the USA as he intended. His life story came full circle, and just as in the first years of his professional career in Lviv, he was forced to switch to a private practice. Despite the difficulties mentioned above, Frostig played a significant role in Polish psychiatry and greatly contributed to its development.

The scientific path of Jakub Frostig in the light of his correspondence with the leading representatives of world psychiatry - from psychoanalysis and phenomenological approach to biological psychiatry. Part 1. Towards psychoanalysis and phenomenological approach. / Droga naukowa Jakuba Frostiga w swietle jego korespondencji z czolowymi przedstawicielami psychiatrii swiatowej ­ od psychoanalizy i podejscia fenomenologicznego do psychiatrii biologicznej. Czesc 1. Ku psychoanalizie i podejsciu fenomenologicznemu.

Jakub Frostig (1896-1959) was one of the most active Polish psychiatrists of the interwar period, with broad scientific interests, maintaining close scientific contacts with the leading specialists of world psychiatry, from the German -and English-language areas. This aspect of his activity is presented in the two-part publication based on new sources, which have never been used before, especially on the correspondence with Ludwig Binswanger (1881-1966), Max Müller (1894-1980) and Adolf Meyer (1866-1955), spanning several years. In addition, the German-language work of the psychiatrist and its reception in this language area are described in more detail for the first time. The first part of the article discusses the little known participation of Frostig in the Polish psychoanalytic movement and his attempts to popularize psychoanalysis in Lviv in the 1920s, as well as the philosophical inspirations of his work from the early period of his scientific activity. Frostig's ambitions and chances for a scientific career did not always go hand in hand. The work presents the causes of these discrepancies, which limited his career in the period before and after his emigration to the United States in 1938.