Resistance phenotype and virulence potential of Leclercia adecarboxylata strains isolated from different sources.

Introduction. Leclercia adecarboxylata is a member of Enterobacterales, often considered an opportunistic pathogen. Recent reports have highlighted L. adecarboxylata as an emerging pathogen harbouring virulence and resistance determinants.Gap statement. Little information exists on virulence and resistance determinants in L. adecarboxylata strains isolated from environmental, food, and clinical samples.Aim. To determine the presence of resistance and virulence determinants and plasmid features in L. adecarboxylata strains isolated from environmental, food, and clinical samples, as well as their phylogenetic relationship.Results. All strains tested showed resistance to ß-lactams and quinolones but were sensitive to aminoglycosides and nitrofurans. However, even though fosfomycin resistance is considered a characteristic trait of L. adecarboxylata, the resistance phenotype was only observed in 50 % of the strains; bla TEM was the most prevalent BLEE gene (70 %), while the quinolone qnrB gene was observed in 60 % of the strains. Virulence genes were differentially observed in the strains, with adhesion-related genes being the most abundant, followed by toxin genes. Finally, all strains carried one to seven plasmid bands ranging from 7 to 125 kbps and harboured several plasmid addiction systems, such as ParDE, VagCD, and CcdAB in 80 % of the strains.Conclusions. L. adecarboxylata is an important emerging pathogen that may harbour resistance and virulence genes. Additionally, it has mobilizable genetic elements that may contribute to the dissemination of genetic determinants to other bacterial genera.

Molecular investigation of an outbreak associated with total parenteral nutrition contaminated with NDM-producing Leclercia adecarboxylata.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to determine the epidemiological, microbiological, and molecular characteristics of an outbreak of carbapenem-resistant Leclercia adecarboxylata in three hospitals associated with the unintended use of contaminated total parental nutrition (TPN). METHODS: For 10 days, 25 patients who received intravenous TPN from the same batch of a formula developed sepsis and had blood cultures positive for L. adecarboxylata. Antimicrobial susceptibility and carbapenemase production were performed in 31 isolates, including one from an unopened bottle of TPN. Carbapenemase-encoding genes, extended-spectrum ß-lactamase-encoding genes were screened by PCR, and plasmid profiles were determined. Horizontal transfer of carbapenem resistance was performed by solid mating. Clonal diversity was performed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. The resistome was explored by whole-genome sequencing on two selected strains, and comparative genomics was performed using Roary. RESULTS: All 31 isolates were resistant to aztreonam, cephalosporins, carbapenems, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and susceptible to gentamicin, tetracycline, and colistin. Lower susceptibility to levofloxacin (51.6%) and ciprofloxacin (22.6%) was observed. All the isolates were carbapenemase producers and positive for blaNDM-1, blaTEM-1B, and blaSHV-12 genes. One main lineage was detected (clone A, 83.9%; A1, 12.9%; A2, 3.2%). The blaNDM-1 gene is embedded in a Tn125-like element. Genome analysis showed genes encoding resistance for aminoglycosides, quinolones, trimethoprim, colistin, phenicols, and sulphonamides and the presence of IncFII (Yp), IncHI2, and IncHI2A incompatibility groups. Comparative genomics showed a major phylogenetic relationship among L. adecarboxylata I1 and USDA-ARS-USMARC-60222 genomes, followed by our two selected strains. CONCLUSION: We present epidemiological, microbiological, and molecular evidence of an outbreak of carbapenem-resistant L. adecarboxylata in three hospitals in western Mexico associated with the use of contaminated TPN.

Leclercia adecarboxylata in a Patient With Newly Diagnosed Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia.

Leclercia adecarboxylata is a Gram-negative bacillus commonly seen in immunocompromised individuals and often misdiagnosed as Escherichia coli. L. adecarboxylata is an opportunistic pathogen found in aquatic environments. It is a nonfatal infection that has low virulence and endorses susceptibility to many common antibiotics. We report a case of a 53-year-old immunocompromised male who was managed for L. adecarboxylata bacteremia.

Drought Tolerant Enterobacter sp./Leclercia adecarboxylata Secretes Indole-3-acetic Acid and Other Biomolecules and Enhances the Biological Attributes of Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek in Water Deficit Conditions.

Drought or water stress is a limiting factor that hampers the growth and yield of edible crops. Drought-tolerant plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can mitigate water stress in crops by synthesizing multiple bioactive molecules. Here, strain PAB19 recovered from rhizospheric soil was biochemically and molecularly characterized, and identified as Enterobacter sp./Leclercia adecarboxylata (MT672579.1). Strain PAB19 tolerated an exceptionally high level of drought (18% PEG-6000) and produced indole-3-acetic acid (176.2 ± 5.6 µg mL-1), ACC deaminase (56.6 ± 5.0 µg mL-1), salicylic acid (42.5 ± 3.0 µg mL-1), 2,3-dihydroxy benzoic acid (DHBA) (44.3 ± 2.3 µg mL-1), exopolysaccharide (204 ± 14.7 µg mL-1), alginate (82.3 ± 6.5 µg mL-1), and solubilized tricalcium phosphate (98.3 ± 3.5 µg mL-1), in the presence of 15% polyethylene glycol. Furthermore, strain PAB19 alleviated water stress and significantly (p ≤ 0.05) improved the overall growth and biochemical attributes of Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek. For instance, at 2% PEG stress, PAB19 inoculation maximally increased germination, root dry biomass, leaf carotenoid content, nodule biomass, leghaemoglobin (LHb) content, leaf water potential (ΨL), membrane stability index (MSI), and pod yield by 10%, 7%, 14%, 38%, 9%, 17%, 11%, and 11%, respectively, over un-inoculated plants. Additionally, PAB19 inoculation reduced two stressor metabolites, proline and malondialdehyde, and antioxidant enzymes (POD, SOD, CAT, and GR) levels in V. radiata foliage in water stress conditions. Following inoculation of strain PAB19 with 15% PEG in soil, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration, transpiration rate, water vapor deficit, intrinsic water use efficiency, and photosynthetic rate were significantly improved by 12%, 8%, 42%, 10%, 9% and 16%, respectively. Rhizospheric CFU counts of PAB19 were 2.33 and 2.11 log CFU g-1 after treatment with 15% PEG solution and 8.46 and 6.67 log CFU g-1 for untreated controls at 40 and 80 DAS, respectively. Conclusively, this study suggests the potential of Enterobacter sp./L. adecarboxylata PAB19 to alleviate water stress by improving the biological and biochemical features and of V. radiata under water-deficit conditions.

Leclercia Adecarboxylata Infection in an Immunocompetent Child.

Leclercia adecarboxylata is a motile Gram negative rod that is not often pathogenic in immunocompetent patients. We will present the first case report of a L. adecarboxylata in a pediatric patient with no systemic medical disease and present a detailed literature review.

Isolation and Identification of L·adecarboxylata Producing IMP-1 Metallo-beta-lactamase / 现代检验医学杂志

Objective To investigate the phenotype and genotype in a carbapenem resistant L.adecarboxylata strain.Methods Microbial identification and drug susceptibility test was done with VITEK II Compact.Carbapenemases genes were detec-ted by PCR methods.Results The strain of carbapenem resistant L.adecarboxylata produced IMP-1 carbapenemase.Con-clusion L.adecarboxylata was found only rarely in the clinical isolates.This was the first Isolate of L.adecarboxylata pro-ducing IMP-1 metallo-beta-lactamase.