MXenes as Emerging Materials: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications.

Due to their unique layered microstructure, the presence of various functional groups at the surface, earth abundance, and attractive electrical, optical, and thermal properties, MXenes are considered promising candidates for the solution of energy- and environmental-related problems. It is seen that the energy conversion and storage capacity of MXenes can be enhanced by changing the material dimensions, chemical composition, structure, and surface chemistry. Hence, it is also essential to understand how one can easily improve the structure-property relationship from an applied point of view. In the current review, we reviewed the fabrication, properties, and potential applications of MXenes. In addition, various properties of MXenes such as structural, optical, electrical, thermal, chemical, and mechanical have been discussed. Furthermore, the potential applications of MXenes in the areas of photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, nitrogen fixation, gas sensing, cancer therapy, and supercapacitors have also been outlooked. Based on the reported works, it could easily be observed that the properties and applications of MXenes can be further enhanced by applying various modification and functionalization approaches. This review also emphasizes the recent developments and future perspectives of MXenes-based composite materials, which will greatly help scientists working in the fields of academia and material science.

Progress in the Synthesis Process and Electrocatalytic Application of MXene Materials.

With their rich surface chemistry, high electrical conductivity, variable bandgap, and thermal stability, 2D materials have been developed for effective electrochemical energy conversion systems over the past decade. Due to the diversity brought about by the use of transition metals and C/N pairings, the 2D material MXene has found excellent applications in many fields. Among the various applications, many breakthroughs have been made in electrocatalytic applications. Nevertheless, related studies on topics such as the factors affecting the material properties and safer and greener preparation methods have not been reported in detail. Therefore, in this paper, we review the relevant preparation methods of MXene and the safer, more environmentally friendly preparation techniques in detail, and summarize the progress of research on MXene-based materials as highly efficient electrocatalysts in the electrocatalytic field of hydrogen precipitation reaction, nitrogen reduction reaction, oxygen precipitation reaction, oxygen reduction reaction, and carbon dioxide reduction reaction. We also discuss the technology related to MXene materials for hydrogen storage. The main challenges and opportunities for MXene-based materials, which constitute a platform for next-generation electrocatalysis in basic research and practical applications, are highlighted. This paper aims to promote the further development of MXenes and related materials for electrocatalytic applications.