A first step towards a framework for interventions for individual working practice to prevent work-related musculoskeletal disorders: a scoping review.

BACKGROUND: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are a key topic in occupational health. In the primary prevention of these disorders, interventions to minimize exposure to work-related physical risk factors are widely advocated. Besides interventions aimed at the work organisation and the workplace, interventions are also aimed at the behaviour of workers, the so-called individual working practice (IWP). At the moment, no conceptual framework for interventions for IWP exists. This study is a first step towards such a framework. METHODS: A scoping review was carried out starting with a systematic search in Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase, Ovid APA PsycInfo, and Web of Science. Intervention studies aimed at reducing exposure to physical ergonomic risk factors involving the worker were included. The content of these interventions for IWP was extracted and coded in order to arrive at distinguishing and overarching categories of these interventions for IWP. RESULTS: More than 12.000 papers were found and 110 intervention studies were included, describing 810 topics for IWP. Eventually eight overarching categories of interventions for IWP were distinguished: (1) Workplace adjustment, (2) Variation, (3) Exercising, (4) Use of aids, (5) Professional skills, (6) Professional manners, (7) Task content & task organisation and (8) Motoric skills. CONCLUSION: Eight categories of interventions for IWP are described in the literature. These categories are a starting point for developing and evaluating effective interventions performed by workers to prevent WMSDs. In order to reach consensus on these categories, an international expert consultation is a necessary next step.

Predicting polytomous career choices in healthcare using probabilistic expectations data.

This paper compares career expectations and career outcomes of Swiss healthcare assistants (HCA), an occupation created to increase the supply of nurses. We investigate whether HCAs can predict their own professional careers two years ahead by eliciting their expectations for a range of career alternatives, including nursing and other studies. Polytomous choice situations have rarely been analyzed using numerical probabilities in the expectations literature. Our results show that almost all respondents give informative answers to the probabilistic online survey question. Individuals express considerable uncertainty about their future careers, with over 60% attaching positive probabilities to more than one career alternative. The analyses reveal that individuals' numerical expectations have substantial predictive value for their future careers, even after controlling for many variables. This finding confirms that individuals have private information not directly available to researchers, and that eliciting choice probabilities for polytomous choice situations is a viable approach in surveys. However, the mean shares for career alternatives implied by individual probabilities do not fully coincide with actual shares and are more accurate over 4 than over 2 years. The information conveyed in expectations and their deviations from outcomes enables us to derive policy recommendations to increase transitions to nursing.

[The organizational aspects of health care of students of institutions of higher professional education].

In recent decades, both in the Russian Federation and in the Sverdlovsk oblast decreasing of population size of adolescents and deterioration of their physical development and health status were established. In Russia, the organization of medical care of college students is insufficiently organized and requires additional improvements. The selective assessment of activities of medical offices in six colleges in Yekaterinburg was implemented. The sociological surveys were organized on the basis of the international HBSC questionnaire to study opinions of the minors about organization of medical care in colleges (653 students interviewed) and prevalence of health risk factors among students (1142 students were interviewed). In the Sverdlovsk region in 2018, only 53.6% of colleges were licensed for carrying out medical activities. According to the study, medical care in colleges was provided by medical assistant of medical office. This condition resulted in that not all the students underwent preventive examinations or underwent them not in required fullness. The medical personnel of colleges provided no analysis of health status of adolescents and health education is insufficient. The analysis of the data of sociological surveys established high prevalence of behavioral risk factors among underage students. Almost half of respondents noted the presence of harmful habits and only quarter of respondents paid attention to healthy diet. The percentage of respondents claimed that they tasted and consumed "spices" and "surfactants" was high against the background of low awareness of dangers of these habits. To amend this situation, it is necessary to organize auditing of quality of medical care of students in colleges, to analyze quality of preventive examinations, to develop a set of preventive measures of promoting health of students of colleges, based on their motivation and psychological characteristics, involving students themselves in the process, applying interactive forms.

Analysis of Time in Rehabilitation and Incidence of Successful Rehabilitation Within Individuals with Disabilities Receiving Occupational/Vocational Training.

Objective To investigate the incidence of successful rehabilitation, defined as 90 successive days in employment, within individuals with disabilities receiving occupational/vocational training (OVT) service. Method The follow-up records between January 1, 2004 and December 31, 2012 of 5313 individuals aged 15-55 who obtained OVT in the vocational rehabilitation (VR) program of the State of Illinois were examined. Cox regression models were used to analyze the effect of study factors on VR outcomes. Results After controlling for the other factors, males (incidence ratio [IR] 1.11, 95% CI 1.03-1.20), individuals with learning disability (IR 1.14, 95% CI 1.03-1.26), had existing employment (IR 1.40, 95% CI 1.26-1.56), and persons who were referred from educational institutions (IR 1.17, 95% CI 1.01-1.36) or community agencies (IR 1.30, 95% CI 1.14-1.48) appeared to have a relatively high incidence of successful rehabilitation. In contrast, those who lived in densely populated areas (IR ranged from 0.56 to 0.89), had physical disability (IR 0.77, 95% CI 0.68-0.88), had disability of most significant degree (IR 0.85, 95% CI 0.79-0.93), and persons with Supplemental Security Income/Social Security Disability Insurance supports (IR 0.84, 95% CI 0.76-0.94), tended to have a lower incidence of rehabilitation than their counterparts. Conclusion The incidence of successful rehabilitation seems to be related to the demographic, disability, and pre-service characteristics, but not necessarily the provider factors.

Surgical Residents' Perception of Feedback on Their Education: Protocol for a Scoping Review.

BACKGROUND: Feedback is an essential tool for learning and improving performance in any sphere of education, including training of resident physicians. The learner's perception of the feedback they receive is extremely relevant to their learning progress, which must aim at providing qualified care for patients. Studies pertinent to the matter differ substantially with respect to methodology, population, context, and objective, which makes it even more difficult to achieve a clear understanding of the topic. A scoping review on this theme will unequivocally enhance and organize what is already known. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to identify and map out data from studies that report surgical residents' perception of the feedback received during their education. METHODS: The review will consider studies on the feedback perception of resident physicians of any surgical specialty and age group, attending any year of residency, regardless of the type of feedback given and the way the perceptions were measured. Primary studies published in English, Spanish, and Portuguese since 2017 will be considered. The search will be carried out in 6 databases and reference lists will also be searched for additional studies. Duplicates will be removed, and 2 independent reviewers will screen the selected studies' titles, abstracts, and full texts. Data extraction will be performed through a tool developed by the researchers. Descriptive statistics and qualitative analysis (content analysis) will be used to analyze the data. A summary of the results will be presented in the form of diagrams, narratives, and tables. RESULTS: The findings of this scoping review were submitted to an indexed journal in July 2024, currently awaiting reviewer approval. The search was executed on March 15, 2024, and resulted in 588 articles. After the exclusion of the duplicate articles and those that did not meet the eligibility criteria as well as the inclusion of articles through a manual search, 13 articles were included in the review. CONCLUSIONS: Conducting a scoping review is the best way to map what is known about a subject. By focusing on the feedback perception more than the feedback itself, the results of this study will surely contribute to gaining a deeper understanding of how to proceed to enhance internal feedback and surgical residents' learning progress. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Open Science Framework yexb; https://osf.io/yexkb. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): PRR1-10.2196/56727.

Optimizing the Role of Military Behavioral Health Technicians: A Survey of Behavioral Health Technicians and Mental Health Providers.

Behavioral health technicians (BHTs), who are enlisted service members with the technical training to work alongside licensed mental health providers (MHPs), are an important part of the Military Health System (MHS) workforce. However, each service branch has different training requirements for BHTs, making it difficult to identify common qualifications across the BHT workforce and ensure that the MHS is making the best use of their skills. Building on prior RAND research that found inconsistencies in how BHTs were integrated across the force, researchers conducted what might be the largest survey to date of BHTs and MHPs. The results provide insights on BHTs' practice patterns, training and supervisory needs, and job satisfaction, as well as barriers to better integrating BHTs into clinical practice and steps that the MHS could take to optimize BHTs' contributions to the health and readiness of the force. Posing parallel sets of questions to BHTs and MHPs allowed comparisons of these groups' perspectives on these topics. The results revealed differences in views by service branch, time in practice, deployment history, and other characteristics. The researchers drew on these findings and recommendations to identify opportunities to optimize the BHT role.

Standing at a table while training improves the upper limb function of hemiplegic stroke survivors / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective To explore the effect of standing at a table while training on the upper limb function and muscle surface electromyography of hemiplegics.Methods Sixty hemiplegic persons were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group,each of 30.The affected upper limbs of the experimental group were trained while standing at a table,while the control group was trained while sitting.Before the treatment,as well as after 2 and 4 weeks of treatment,both groups' motor functioning was evaluated using the Fugl-Mayer upper limb assessment (FMA),as well as muscle surface electromyography.Results Before the treatment there was no significant difference betweenthe two groups' average FMA scores.After 2 and 4 weeks of treatment it had increased significantly in the experimental group,but in the control group the increase was not significant until the fourth week.In terms of surface myography,significant differences were observed in the biceps femoris and gastrocnemius muscles of both groups after 2 weeks.Two weeks later there was further significant improvement in both groups except for the tibialis anterior muscles of the control group.The differences between the two groups were significant after two weeks in the electromyograms of the biceps femoris,gastrocnemius muscle and anterior tibialis.After four weeks the differences between the groups in all of the electromyograms were significant.Conclusion Compared with the traditional sitting position,standing at a table while training can effectively improve the muscle activity of the rectus abdominis and the spine so as to promote the recovery of movement in hemiplegic upper limbs.

Diagnosis and Rehabilitation of Spinal Cord Injury / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Spinal cord injury(SCI)may result in tetraplegia or paraplegia,which is a great damage to the abilities of patients' daily living.There is no cure of SCI at present,and standard rehabilitation is an effective treatment method of SCI.It will help the SCI patients to develop their remaining function and potential function,prevent all kinds of complications,decrease the incidence of disabilities,improve their quality of life,shorten their stay in hospital and decrease the medical expenditure.The necessary premise of their reentry family and society is to complete the barrier free accessibilities of their housing and occupational training.