[Victimological assessment of spontaneous measures adaptation to older age.]

The aim of the study was to generalize and assess victimological spontaneous measures to combat victimization and to identify anti-victim means to counteract negative factors in old age. It was found that at present there are no generally recognized theoretically substantiated positive strategies for the functioning of the personality in old age. The dominant tendency is to describe an elderly person not as a subject of activity, but as a passive object of influence, which gives rise to gerontological ageism and forms the position of a victim in an elderly person. The empirical part of the study involved 90 people of different social status: pre-pensioners, working and non-working pensioners. It was found that anti-victim personality traits: anti-victim attitudes, anti-victim life position and internal locus of control allow an elderly person to successfully overcome victimological barriers that arise in old age, while maintaining and protecting the main reserve of his personality: self-esteem and personal dignity. The main generalized anti-victim tools that create conditions for the implementation of positive life strategies in old age are described: complexity, rhythmization of life, compensatory and networking.

[Resources of person psychological security depending on the employment status of a pensioner.]

200 pensioners aged of 55 to 65 years differing in employment status (working or resting) after retirement age and character of his choice (voluntary or forced) were surveyed. The content and the structure of the resources of the pensioners' personality, of external determinants of the choice of their employment status, the connection of the external determinants of the choice of employment status and the resources of psychological security of the pensioners' personality were analyzed. The psychological resources consist of development and protection resources, proving the priority of resources security of the pensioners' person. The significance of resource development for working pensioners and the protection resources for real pensioners is established. The level of psychological safety of the personality of pensioners is determined by a combination of nature and voluntary choice of employment status. The choice of employment status depends on a complex assessment of macro-, meso- and microaspects of life. The self-estimation of the development resources is prioritized to save a pensioner work activities.

Facilitating Domestic and Civic-Style Activity in the Later Life of Army Veterans: The Influencing Culture of the Royal Hospital Chelsea.

The Royal Hospital Chelsea has been home to veterans of the British Army since 1692. Opportunities to remain physically active throughout the life course of its residents include participation in numerous hobbies within the quasi-military environment, and in the civic engagement representational role of the Chelsea Pensioner. This study examines the influence the Royal Hospital Chelsea culture has on resident opportunities to remain active. A non-traditional mixed-methods convergent design was used across three participant groups. Staff and established residents engaged in semi-structured qualitative interviews, with established residents and a cohort of new residents completing Quality of Life questionnaires. The findings indicate established Chelsea Pensioners experienced a sense of pride and purpose, elevated social status, and increased life satisfaction as a result of engaging in multiple activities. New Chelsea Pensioners demonstrated a trend towards increased quality of life after six months' residence at the Royal Hospital Chelsea. Further research is required to explore the transferability of similar interventions into other residential establishments.

Idosos e mulheres imigrantes à margem: o caso das badanti na Itália / Vieux et femmes immigrees en marge: le cas des "badanti" en Italie / Old persons and immigrated women marginalization: the case of "badanti" in Italy

Na Itália, há alguns anos, uma nova profissão nasceu como resposta adaptativa ao envelhecimento da população: a das badanti. Esse termo popular designa as mulheres imigrantes trabalhadoras no domicílio de pessoas idosas. Esse fenômeno de sociedade diz respeito a quatro milhões de pessoas, contando os assistidos e as trabalhadoras. Essas pessoas se encontram à margem da sociedade e são desconsideradas. A desqualificação é implícita, inscrita na própria denominação. Badanti vem do verbo "badare", que significa "vigiar de perto", "guardar": a empatia inscrita no termo "care" ou "ajuda" não está presente. Esse welfare feito em casa, que se revelou um recurso diante da carência de serviços públicos, fez explodir as numerosas contradições que constituirão o objeto de nossa análise. A crônica dos jornais diários sobre incidentes fez vir à tona delitos, abandonos e litígios no momento de heranças, e também contradições nos grupos intermediários. O sindicato, por exemplo, é levado a gerir as guerras entre pobres: as badanti e os idosos aposentados. Todavia, a contradição mais saliente se encontra no cerne da atividade. A profissão apresenta várias facetas e, ao lado da identificação da badante com o assistido, encontramos a humilhação e o ressentimento que resultam das condições de exercício da atividade: a "domesticidade" e a "servidão".(AU)

En Italie, depuis quelques années, un nouveau métier est né en tant que réponse adaptative au vieillissement de la population: celui des "badanti". Ce terme populaire désigne les femmes immigrées travaillant au domicile des personnes âgées. Ce phénomène de société concerne quatre millions de personnes, en comptant les assistés et les travailleuses. Ces personnes se trouvent en marge de la société et sont déconsidérées. La disqualification est implicite, inscrite dans la dénomination même. "Badanti" vient du verbe "badare", qui signifie "surveiller de près", "garder": l'empathie inscrite dans le terme "care" ou "aide" n'est pas présente. Ce "welfare" fait maison, qui s'est révélé une ressource face à la carence de services publics, a fait exploser les nombreuses contradictions qui feront l'objet de notre analyse. La chronique des faits divers a fait émerger des délits, des abandons, des litiges lors des successions et aussi des contradictions dans les corps intermédiaires. Par exemple, le syndicat, est amené à gérer des guerres entre pauvres: les "badanti" et les vieux retraités. Toutefois, la contradiction la plus saillante se trouve au cœur de l'activité. Le métier présente plusieurs facettes et à coté de l'identification de la "badante" avec l'assisté, nous trouvons l'humiliation et le ressentiment qui résultent des conditions d'exercice de l'activité: la "domesticité" et la "servitude".(AU)

During the last years a new trade appeared in Italy as an adaptive answer to the problems arising from the ageing process of population: that of "badanti". This popular term designates the immigrated women working at old persons homes. This social phenomenon concerns four million people, including workers and assisted. These persons are marginalized and discredited. Discredit is implicit in the denomination itself. "Badanti" comes from the verb "badare" that means "to strictly survey", "to control": the empathy inscribed in the words "care" or "help" is not present. This contribution will analyze this homemade welfare, that, even if it is allowing to face the lack of public services, is disclosing several contradictions. Newspapers are reporting crimes, abandons, arguments for successions, and even contradictions inside mediation organizations. Trade unions have to manage, for example, wars between poor people: "badanti" and old-age pensioners. Anyways, the most sensible contradiction is at the core of the activity. The trade presents several faces and, besides the identification of the "badante" with the assisted person, we find the humiliation and resentment, which result from the conditions of domestic labour and servitude.(AU)

Idosos e mulheres imigrantes à margem: o caso das badanti na Itália / Vieux et femmes immigrees en marge: le cas des "badanti" en Italie / Old persons and immigrated women marginalization: the case of "badanti" in Italy

Na Itália, há alguns anos, uma nova profissão nasceu como resposta adaptativa ao envelhecimento da população: a das badanti. Esse termo popular designa as mulheres imigrantes trabalhadoras no domicílio de pessoas idosas. Esse fenômeno de sociedade diz respeito a quatro milhões de pessoas, contando os assistidos e as trabalhadoras. Essas pessoas se encontram à margem da sociedade e são desconsideradas. A desqualificação é implícita, inscrita na própria denominação. Badanti vem do verbo "badare", que significa "vigiar de perto", "guardar": a empatia inscrita no termo "care" ou "ajuda" não está presente. Esse welfare feito em casa, que se revelou um recurso diante da carência de serviços públicos, fez explodir as numerosas contradições que constituirão o objeto de nossa análise. A crônica dos jornais diários sobre incidentes fez vir à tona delitos, abandonos e litígios no momento de heranças, e também contradições nos grupos intermediários. O sindicato, por exemplo, é levado a gerir as guerras entre pobres: as badanti e os idosos aposentados. Todavia, a contradição mais saliente se encontra no cerne da atividade. A profissão apresenta várias facetas e, ao lado da identificação da badante com o assistido, encontramos a humilhação e o ressentimento que resultam das condições de exercício da atividade: a "domesticidade" e a "servidão"...

En Italie, depuis quelques années, un nouveau métier est né en tant que réponse adaptative au vieillissement de la population: celui des "badanti". Ce terme populaire désigne les femmes immigrées travaillant au domicile des personnes âgées. Ce phénomène de société concerne quatre millions de personnes, en comptant les assistés et les travailleuses. Ces personnes se trouvent en marge de la société et sont déconsidérées. La disqualification est implicite, inscrite dans la dénomination même. "Badanti" vient du verbe "badare", qui signifie "surveiller de près", "garder": l'empathie inscrite dans le terme "care" ou "aide" n'est pas présente. Ce "welfare" fait maison, qui s'est révélé une ressource face à la carence de services publics, a fait exploser les nombreuses contradictions qui feront l'objet de notre analyse. La chronique des faits divers a fait émerger des délits, des abandons, des litiges lors des successions et aussi des contradictions dans les corps intermédiaires. Par exemple, le syndicat, est amené à gérer des guerres entre pauvres: les "badanti" et les vieux retraités. Toutefois, la contradiction la plus saillante se trouve au cœur de l'activité. Le métier présente plusieurs facettes et à coté de l'identification de la "badante" avec l'assisté, nous trouvons l'humiliation et le ressentiment qui résultent des conditions d'exercice de l'activité: la "domesticité" et la "servitude"...

During the last years a new trade appeared in Italy as an adaptive answer to the problems arising from the ageing process of population: that of "badanti". This popular term designates the immigrated women working at old persons homes. This social phenomenon concerns four million people, including workers and assisted. These persons are marginalized and discredited. Discredit is implicit in the denomination itself. "Badanti" comes from the verb "badare" that means "to strictly survey", "to control": the empathy inscribed in the words "care" or "help" is not present. This contribution will analyze this homemade welfare, that, even if it is allowing to face the lack of public services, is disclosing several contradictions. Newspapers are reporting crimes, abandons, arguments for successions, and even contradictions inside mediation organizations. Trade unions have to manage, for example, wars between poor people: "badanti" and old-age pensioners. Anyways, the most sensible contradiction is at the core of the activity. The trade presents several faces and, besides the identification of the "badante" with the assisted person, we find the humiliation and resentment, which result from the conditions of domestic labour and servitude...