[Uncontrolled type 2 diabetes in primary care health center: Modifiable factors and target population]. / Mal control de la diabetes tipo 2 en un centro de salud de atención primaria: factores modificables y población diana.

AIMS: To detect modifiable factors and target populations associated with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes in primary care. DESIGN: Retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study. LOCATION: Health center of Barranco Grande, Tenerife. PARTICIPANTS: Random selection of patients with DM2 attended by 12 family doctors and 12 nurses. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: In addition to the control of DM2, sociodemographic, clinical data, lifestyle and follow-up of preventive and therapeutic measures were obtained. After bivariate analysis, a multilevel multivariate model was adjusted by taking the quota of patients assisted by each physician as a second-level mixed-effect variable and the rest as first-level variables. RESULTS: 587 patients were recruited (46.5% female), treated with 1.9-1.1 antidiabetic drugs, with 4.1% therapeutic non-compliance, and suffering 13.8% therapeutic inertia. 23.7% showed poor DM2 control, being significantly worse (p<0.05) in male sex, age <65 years, evolution DM2 -5 years, work-active, upper-middle studies, inadequate diet, metabolic syndrome, ratio TG/HDL-3, complications of DM2, Charlson index<5, nursing visits <3/year, without ECG in the last year, and more drugs prescribed for DM2. The doctor-nurse quota was associated with poor control with an intraclass coefficient of 0.01. CONCLUSIONS: Men under 65 years of age with DM2 evolution longer than 5 years are a target population to intensify interventions. Therapeutic non-compliance, inadequate diet, lack of adherence protocols and ratio TG/HDL>3 are the main modifiable factors on which to intervene. The association of the doctor-nurse quota with the control of DM2 is weak, probably due to adequate follow-up of preventive programs.

Participation in medical research as a resource-seeking strategy in socio-economically vulnerable communities: call for research and action.

The freedom to consent to participate in medical research is a complex subject, particularly in socio-economically vulnerable communities, where numerous factors may limit the efficacy of the informed consent process. Informal consultation among members of the Switching the Poles Clinical Research Network coming from various sub-Saharan African countries, that is Burkina Faso, The Gambia, Rwanda, Ethiopia, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and Benin, seems to support the hypothesis that in socio-economical vulnerable communities with inadequate access to health care, the decision to participate in research is often taken irrespectively of the contents of the informed consent interview, and it is largely driven by the opportunity to access free or better quality care and other indirect benefits. Populations' vulnerability due to poverty and/or social exclusion should obviously not lead to exclusion from medical research, which is most often crucially needed to address their health problems. Nonetheless, to reduce the possibility of exploitation, there is the need to further investigate the complex links between socio-economical vulnerability, access to health care and individual freedom to decide on participation in medical research. This needs bringing together clinical researchers, social scientists and bioethicists in transdisciplinary collaborative research efforts that require the collective input from researchers, research sponsors and funders.

Relationship between food insecurity and malnutrition in schoolchildren from low- and middle-income countries - A systematic review.

Introduction: The objective of this review is to study the relationship between food insecurity (FI) and malnutrition in schoolchildren from low-and middle-income countries (LMIC). The review was conducted using the databases PubMed, MEDLINE, CENTRAL, LILACS and SCiELO during the months of March to April 2022 without language or publication date restrictions. The search strategy consisted of combinations of text words and controlled vocabulary (MeSH terms and DeCS) related to "schoolchildren", "low- and middle-income countries" and "food insecurity". Fifteen studies were included in this review. Studies assessing FI and undernutrition in LMIC schoolchildren have indicated that FI is associated with lower height-for-age and higher prevalence of undernutrition overall. Only two studies identified a positive risk association between FI and overweight and obesity, the remaining studies suggested that schoolchildren with FI have a lower risk of overweight and obesity than those without FI. The review suggests a link between FI and undernutrition in schoolchildren from LMIC, with controversial results on overweight and obesity. Comprehensive public health policies should consider contextual and population-specific factors in addressing FI's impact on nutritional status.

Introducción: El objetivo de esta revisión fue estudiar la relación entre la inseguridad alimentaria (IA) y la desnutrición en escolares de países de bajos y medianos ingresos (PBMI). La revisión se realizó utilizando las bases de datos PubMed, MEDLINE, CENTRAL, LILACS y SciELO durante los meses de marzo a abril de 2022 sin restricciones de idioma o fecha de publicación. La estrategia de búsqueda consistió en combinaciones de palabras y vocabulario controlado (términos MeSH y DeCS) relacionados con "escolares", "países de bajos y medianos ingresos" e "inseguridad alimentaria". Quince estudios se incluyeron en esta revisión. Los estudios que evaluaron la IA y la desnutrición en escolares de PBMI mostraron que la IA está asociada con una menor talla para la edad y una mayor prevalencia de desnutrición en general. Solo dos estudios encontraron una asociación de riesgo positiva entre la IA y el sobrepeso y la obesidad; el resto de los estudios sugieren que los escolares con IA tienen menor riesgo de sobrepeso y obesidad que aquellos sin IA. La revisión sugiere una asociación entre la IA y la desnutrición en escolares de PBMI, con resultados contradictorios en el sobrepeso y la obesidad. Las políticas de salud pública deberían considerar factores contextuales y específicos de la población al abordar el impacto de la IA en el estado nutricional.

Fidelity of implementation of Reptes, an alcohol and cannabis selective prevention program for youngsters.

OBJECTIVE: Implementation fidelity is a key dimension in process evaluation but has been scarcely studied. Reptes is a selective alcohol and cannabis use prevention program performed in vulnerable young people (16-21 years) from different educational and leisure settings. The study aimed to describe the components of this program, its implementation fidelity, and satisfaction among participants and facilitators. METHOD: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted. Implementation fidelity was assessed in terms of adherence, dose, participant responsiveness, and quality of the intervention through self-reports completed by 15 facilitators and self-administered questionnaires by 99 youth from the 15 groups completing the program. RESULTS: 70.7% of the groups performed 30 of the 43 planned activities with high use of various teaching methods, except for Information and Communication Technology resources. Fidelity implementation was above 70%. 2/3 groups completed an acceptable intervention and 1/3 completed a qualified intervention. Satisfaction was higher than 7. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show high implementation fidelity and satisfaction compared with those from similar studies.

[Vulnerable to mental health problems: Pregnant women and husband's perception in Surakarta, Indonesia]. / Vulnerabilidad a los problemas de salud mental: Percepción de las mujeres embarazadas y de sus maridos en Surakarta, Indonesia.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to explore the perception of women and their husbands on the vulnerability of pregnant women to mental health disorders. METHOD: Qualitative study using a phenomenological approach. The inclusion criteria were pregnant women of the second and third-trimester gestation (13-35 weeks). The exclusion criteria were pregnant women with complications and who had a family record of mental disorders. Data was collected using focus group discussion and in-depth interviews at four Primary Health Cares in Surakarta, Indonesia. Then, the data were analyzed through thematic analysis, which was supported by the OpenCode 4.02® software. RESULTS: This study uncovered two main topics, firstly the factors that trigger the vulnerability of pregnant women to experience mental disorders and secondly perceived barriers to managing mental health during pregnancy and postpartum. Pregnant women and husbands recognize that they need to get mental health information. CONCLUSION: Unstable emotions during pregnancy are considered normal and neglected by their surroundings. Lack of knowledge about mental health in pregnancy justifies the need to increase education in this area in order to prevent prenatal and postpartum depression.

[Healthcare access through community-based health insurance among Senegalese migrants]. / Acceso a la atención sanitaria mediante seguros de salud comunitarios entre migrantes de Senegal.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the determinants of healthcare access financing and the role of a particular class of informal financing known as tontine, a community-based health insurance among Senegalese immigrants. METHOD: Data were retrieved through qualitative techniques, semi-structured interviews (n=14) and discussion group (n=10) in a population of Senegalese migrants residing in Granada between October and November 2019. Key participants were from a tontine. RESULTS: The lack of work or economic resources, as well as the condition of undocumented immigrant constitute barriers to adherence to public and private health insurance. Participants consider that public health care does not take into account the importance of following treatment close to their relatives in their country of origin or having the alternative of traditional medicines. The tontine helps to protect the most vulnerable people such as undocumented immigrants and allows financing services of cultural importance. CONCLUSIONS: This study was the first to provide an understanding of a financing mechanism typical of an immigrant community quite unknown to Spanish society. Tontines continue a long tradition whereby disadvantaged and vulnerable communities resist multiple sources of discrimination and inequality by self-help, trust and solidarity.

El derecho a la salud en la frontera: un análisis crítico / The right to health at the border: a critical analysis / O direito à saúde na frontera: uma análise crítica

La Organización de las Naciones Unidas ha realizado un llamamiento universal con la finalidad de contribuir a la eliminación de la pobreza, equilibrar la sostenibilidad social, económica y ambiental para el 2023, en particular se plantea lograr la cobertura sanitaria universal y el acceso a servicios de atención de salud esenciales de calidad. Estos objetivos, se encuentran alineados con los principios de Alma Ata del 78 y de Astaná del 2018 y son recogidos por el sistema de salud de Uruguay. En el presente artículo nos planteamos como objetivo, realizar un análisis crítico de su alcance, para lo cual trabajaremos con tres investigaciones realizadas en una red de policlínicas públicas de Uruguay en zona fronteriza con Brasil, analizándolas a la luz de las normativas nacionales e internacionales sobre el acceso a servicios de salud. A lo largo del mismo transitaremos por normas, leyes, experiencias diferentes y autores que ponen en cuestión las definiciones y la práctica, evidenciando las contradicciones existentes entre las definiciones de principios y las definiciones políticas, entre garantizar el derecho a la salud o la mercantilización del sistema sanitario. Lo que se evidenció en las grandes diferencias en el acceso a los servicios de salud entre los usuarios del subsector público y del subsector privado entre otras brechas de acceso a servicios de salud. Una de las conclusiones del artículo refuerza la idea de que la salud es un producto histórico en permanente cambio, dialécticamente unido a las necesidades de las personas y en contradicción con los intereses de las empresas, esta particularidad genera un espacio de permanente lucha en donde los Estados deben asumir un rol más firma en la defensa de la salud como un derecho humano fundamental.

The United Nations has made a universal call with the purpose of contributing to the elimination of poverty, balancing social, economic and environmental sustainability by 2023, in particular it aims to achieve universal health coverage and access to health services. quality essential health care. These objectives are aligned with the principles of Alma Ata of 78 and Astana of 2018 and are included by the Uruguayan health system. In this article we aim to carry out a critical analysis of its scope, for which we will work with three investigations carried out in a network of public polyclinics in Uruguay in the border area with Brazil, analyzing them in light of national and international regulations on access to health services. Throughout it we will go through norms, laws, different experiences and authors who question definitions and practice, evidencing the contradictions between definitions of principles and political definitions, between guaranteeing the right to health or the commercialization of health. sanitary system. This was evident in the large differences in access to health services between users of the public subsector and the private subsector, among other gaps in access to health services. One of the conclusions of the article reinforces the idea that health is a historical product in permanent change, dialectically linked to the needs of people and in contradiction with the interests of companies, this particularity generates a space of permanent struggle where States must assume a stronger role in defending health as a fundamental human right.

As Nações Unidas fizeram um apelo universal com o propósito de contribuir para a eliminação da pobreza, equilibrando a sustentabilidade social, económica e ambiental até 2023, em particular visa alcançar a cobertura universal de saúde e o acesso aos serviços de saúde. Estes objetivos estão alinhados com os princípios de Alma Ata de 78 e Astana de 2018 e estão incluídos no sistema de saúde uruguaio. Neste artigo pretendemos realizar uma análise crítica de seu alcance, para a qual trabalharemos com três investigações realizadas em uma rede de policlínicas públicas do Uruguai na zona fronteiriça com o Brasil, analisando-as à luz das regulamentações nacionais e internacionais sobre acesso aos serviços de saúde. Ao longo dele percorreremos normas, leis, diferentes experiências e autores que questionam definições e práticas, evidenciando as contradições entre definições de princípios e definições políticas, entre a garantia do direito à saúde ou a comercialização do sistema sanitário. Isto ficou evidente nas grandes diferenças no acesso aos serviços de saúde entre os utilizadores do subsector público e do subsector privado, entre outras lacunas no acesso aos serviços de saúde. Uma das conclusões do artigo reforça a ideia de que a saúde é um produto histórico em permanente mudança, dialeticamente ligado às necessidades das pessoas e em contradição com os interesses das empresas, esta particularidade gera um espaço de luta permanente onde os Estados devem assumir uma posição mais forte. papel na defesa da saúde como um direito humano fundamental.

Sociodemografía de pacientes con trastorno del estado de ánimo 2012-2021, Córdoba-Colombia / Sociodemographics of patients with mood disorders 2012-2021, córdoba, colombia

Resumen Objetivo: caracterizar sociodemográficamente pacientes que padecen trastornos del estado de ánimo en Institución Prestadora de Servicios (IPS) de salud mental en Montería, departamento de Córdoba - Colombia, correlacionando este diagnóstico con variables de interés. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo-longitudinal, que correlacionó variables sociodemográficas con trastornos del estado de ánimo en 729 pacientes hospitalizados en una IPS, procedentes de municipios del departamento de Córdoba, en el período 2012- 2021-I. Resultados: hombres con edad promedio de 23 años presentaron mayor frecuencia de trastornos del estado de ánimo n=689 que mujeres n= 40; en su mayoría procedentes de municipios como Montería, Puerto Libertador, Valencia, Tierralta y Canalete; siendo Montería el municipio con mayor población y menor prevalencia; factores como lugar de procedencia, falta de apoyo familiar y estrés fueron quienes incidieron en recaídas, registrándose disminución en hospitalización de estos pacientes durante la pandemia COVID-19. Conclusión: existe correlación entre variables sociodemográficas como lugar de procedencia del departamento de Córdoba, falta de apoyo familiar y estrés como determinantes para la ocurrencia del diagnóstico de trastornos del estado de ánimo, en pacientes que proceden de municipios caracterizados por niveles de violencia alto y medio, baja cobertura educativa y pobreza multifuncional en población vulnerable.

ABSTRACT Objective : To sociodemographically characterize patients with Mood Disorders in a Mental Health Institution in Montería, Córdoba - Colombia, and correlate this diagnosis with variables of interest. Materials and Methods: This descriptive, retrospective-longitudinal study correlated sociodemographic variables with Mood Disorders in 729 hospitalized patients in an Institution of Mental Health, originating from municipalities in the department of Córdoba, during the period 2012-2021. Results: Men with an average age of 23 years presented a higher frequency of Mood Disorders (n=689) compared to women (n=40). The majority of patients originated from municipalities such as Montería, Puerto Libertador, Valencia, Tierralta, and Canalete. Montería, being the municipality with the largest population, showed a lower prevalence. Factors such as place of origin, lack of family support, and stress influenced relapses, with a decrease in hospitalizations of these patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion: There is a correlation between sociodemographic variables such as the place of origin in the department of Córdoba, lack of family support, and stress as determinants for the occurrence of Mood Disorders diagnosis in patients from municipalities characterized by high and medium levels of violence, low educational coverage, and multifunctional poverty in vulnerable populations.

Lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic: the unequal burden of COVID-19 on vulnerable populations in the Brazilian Central-West / Lições sobre a pandemia da COVID-19: a carga desigual da COVID-19 sobre as populações vulneráveis da região central do Brasil / Lecciones de la pandemia del COVID-19: la carga desigual del COVID-19 sobre las poblaciones vulnerables en la región central de Brasil

Abstract: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and identify social factors and preventive strategies associated with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in socio and economically vulnerable people (recyclable waste pikers, immigrants/refugees, and homeless people) in Goiânia, Goiás State, Central-Western Brazil. A cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2020 to October 2020. COVID-19 positivity was defined as a positive total anti-SARS-COV-2 antibody test and/or RNA test for SARS-COV-2. Univariable and multiple regression analyses were performed to identify the variables associated with COVID-19. Of the 594 participants, 47.3% were recyclable waste pickers, 29.6% were immigrants/refugees, and 23.1% were homeless people. The positivity for SARS-CoV-2 RNA was 14.1%, whereas for anti-SARS-CoV-2 a total of 30.8% were positive, and 39.4% were positive for at least one COVID-19 marker. Among the 541 individuals, being immigrants/refugees, not wearing a surgical mask, and having three or more people sleeping in the same room were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, while using TV news as the main source of information about the pandemic was a protective predictor of COVID-19. This study revealed ethnic and socioeconomic inequalities in the prevalence of COVID-19 among impoverished people in Brazil. Additionally, a high prevalence of COVID-19 was detected in all three groups. Developing new strategies to combat and prevent communicable diseases affecting this population is essential for mitigating future and ongoing pandemics.

Resumo: Este estudo teve como objetivo estimar a prevalência da COVID-19 e identificar fatores sociais e estratégias preventivas associadas a essa doença em pessoas em situação de vulnerabilidade socioeconômica (catadores de lixo, imigrantes/refugiados e moradores de rua) em Goiânia, Estado de Goiás, na região central do Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado de julho a outubro de 2020. Foram considerados positivos para a covid-19 indivíduos que apresentaram um teste de anticorpos anti-SARS-COV-2 e/ou teste de RNA para SARS-COV-2 com resultado positivo. Foram realizadas análises de regressão univariável e múltipla para identificar as variáveis associadas à COVID-19. Dos 594 participantes, 47,3% eram catadores de lixo reciclável, 29,6% eram imigrantes/refugiados e 23,1% eram moradores de rua. A positividade foi de 14,1% para o RNA do SARS-CoV-2, 30,8% para o total de anti-SARS-CoV-2 e 39,4% para pelo menos um marcador da COVID-19. Entre os 541 indivíduos, ser imigrante/refugiado, não usar máscara cirúrgica e ter três ou mais pessoas dormindo no mesmo quarto foram fatores associados à infecção por SARS-CoV-2, enquanto confiar em informações sobre a pandemia, principalmente aquelas transmitidas por noticiários de TV, foi um indicador de proteção contra a COVID-19. Este estudo revelou desigualdades étnicas e socioeconômicas na prevalência da COVID-19 entre pessoas de baixa renda no Brasil. Além disso, uma alta prevalência de COVID-19 foi detectada nos três grupos. O desenvolvimento de novas estratégias para combater e prevenir doenças transmissíveis que afetam essa população é essencial para mitigar pandemias futuras e atuais.

Resumen: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo estimar la prevalencia del COVID-19 e identificar los factores sociales y las estrategias preventivas asociadas a esta enfermedad en personas en situación de vulnerabilidad socioeconómica (recolectores de basura, inmigrantes/refugiados y personas sin hogar) en Goiânia, Estado de Goiás, en la región central de Brasil. Se trata de un estudio transversal realizado de julio a octubre de 2020. Las personas que tuvieron una prueba de anticuerpos anti-SARS-CoV-2 positiva y/o una prueba de ARN para SARS-CoV-2 se consideraron positivas para el COVID-19. Se realizaron análisis de regresión univariante y múltiple para identificar las variables asociadas al COVID-19. De los 594 participantes, el 47,3% eran recicladores; el 29,6% inmigrantes/refugiados; y el 23,1% eran personas sin hogar. La positividad fue del 14,1% para el ARN del SARS-CoV-2; del 30,8% para el total de anti-SARS-CoV-2; y del 39,4% para al menos un marcador del COVID-19. De los 541 participantes, ser inmigrante/refugiado, no usar mascarilla quirúrgica y tener tres o más personas que comparten la misma habitación fueron los factores asociados con la infección por SARS-CoV-2, mientras que confiar en la información sobre la pandemia, especialmente transmitidas por los noticiarios, fue un indicador de protección contra esta enfermedad. Este estudio reveló las desigualdades étnicas y socioeconómicas en la prevalencia del COVID-19 entre las personas de bajos ingresos en Brasil. Además, se detectó una alta prevalencia del COVID-19 en los tres grupos. El desarrollo de nuevas estrategias para combatir y prevenir las enfermedades transmisibles que afectan a esta población es fundamental para mitigar las pandemias futuras y actuales.

Determinantes del estado de vacunación infantil: abordando la brecha de equidad en República Dominicana-2019 / Determinants of childhood immunization status: addressing the equity gap in the Dominican Republic­2019

Introducción: Las desigualdades amenazan el progreso del país hacia la equidad y la cobertura de vacunación infantil. Siendo la cobertura inferior a la meta del 90% de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Objetivo: Identificar los determinantes sociales y las desigualdades en el estado de vacunación infantil en República Dominicana, 2019. Métodos: Se realiza un análisis basado en la Encuesta de Indicadores Múltiples por Conglomerados. Incluyendo una muestra ponderada de 1674 niños de 12-23 meses. Se calcula la regresión logística multinomial para identificar factores asociados a la vacunación. Adoptando p<0,05 para significación estadística. Utilizando una razón de probabilidades ajustada con intervalo de confianza del 95%. Empleando HEAT 4.0 para medir desigualdades y SPSS.23 para gestión y análisis de datos. Resultados: La edad media de los niños fue 17,4±3,5 meses. El 33% de ellos estaban completamente vacunados. La cobertura fue significativamente menor entre hijos de madre sin educación [AOR= 7,27; IC95%= 2,98­17,74]. La mayor cobertura se concentra en niños con altos niveles de educación y riqueza. Conclusión: Para lograr una cobertura de vacunación completa y equitativa, las intervenciones de salud pública deben diseñarse para satisfacer las necesidades de grupos de alto riesgo.

Introduction: In the Dominican Republic, inequalities threaten progress towards childhood vaccination equity and coverage, the latter being inferior to the World Health Organization's 90% goal. Objective: Identify the social determinants and inequalities in the state of childhood vaccination in the Dominican Republic, 2019. Methods: An analysis based on the Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys is conducted. Including a weighted sample of 1674 children aged 12-23 months. The multinomial logistic regression is calculated to identify factors associated with vaccination. Using p<0,05 for statistical significance and an adjusted probability ratio with a 95% confidence interval. Employing HEAT 4.0 to measure inequalities and SPSS.23 for data management and analysis. Results: The children's mean age was 17,4±3,5 months. 33% of them were completely vaccinated. Coverage was significantly lower in children of mothers without education [AOR= 7,27; CI95%= 2,98­17,74]. Coverage was the highest in kids with high levels of education and wealth. Conclusion: To achieve complete and equitable vaccine coverage, public health interventions should be designed to satisfy the needs of high-risk groups.

Construção e validação de instrumento para avaliação socioestrutural e comportamental associado à infecção pelo HIV em jovensa / Construcción y validación de un instrumento de evaluación sociológica y comportamental asociado con la infección por VIH en jóvenes / Construction and validity of an instrument for sociological and behavioral assessment associated with HIV infection in young peoplea

RESUMO Objetivo construir e validar conteúdo de instrumento para avaliação socioestrutural e comportamental associado à infecção pelo HIV em jovens. Método estudo metodológico, desenvolvido em duas etapas: elaboração do instrumento; e validação de conteúdo. Os itens que compuseram o instrumento foram selecionados através de revisão literária, tendo como referencial os domínios multiníveis do Modelo Social Ecológico Modificado, categorizados em componentes socioestruturais e comportamentais. O conteúdo foi avaliado por especialistas em duas rodadas conduzidas pela técnica Delphi, admitindo-se um índice de concordância de, no mínimo, 80%. Resultados a primeira versão do instrumento continha 52 itens, distribuídos em três domínios. Na primeira rodada, 19 itens (36,5%) obtiveram Índice de Validade de Conteúdo inferior a 0,80, dois itens foram excluídos e os demais foram reformulados. Na segunda rodada, 2 itens foram excluídos e 3 foram incorporados como subitem, totalizando 45 itens. O Índice de Validade de Conteúdo do Instrumento foi de 95%. Conclusão e implicações para a prática as recomendações dos especialistas contribuíram para a qualificação do instrumento Avaliação Socioestrutural e Comportamental-HIV, possibilitando a reorganização do conteúdo. O instrumento é válido para a identificação de fatores socioestruturais e comportamentais associados à infecção pelo HIV em jovens, com potencial para constituir planejamento de cuidados preventivos.

RESUMEN Objetivo construir y validar el contenido de un instrumento de evaluación socioestructural y conductual asociada a la infección por VIH en jóvenes. Método estudio metodológico, desarrollado en dos etapas: elaboración del instrumento; y validación de contenido. Los ítems que conformaron el instrumento fueron seleccionados a través de una revisión literaria, tomando como referencia los dominios multinivel del Modelo Ecológico Social Modificado, categorizados en componentes socioestructurales y conductuales. El contenido fue evaluado por expertos en dos rondas realizadas mediante la técnica Delphi, suponiendo una tasa de acuerdo de al menos el 80%. Resultados la primera versión del instrumento contuvo 52 ítems, distribuidos en tres dominios. En la primera ronda, 19 ítems (36,5%) tuvieron un Índice de Validez de Contenido inferior a 0,80, dos ítems fueron excluidos y el resto fueron reformulados. En la segunda ronda, se excluyeron 2 ítems y se incorporaron 3 como subítems, totalizando 45 ítems. El Índice de Validez de Contenido del Instrumento fue del 95%. Conclusión e implicaciones para la práctica las recomendaciones de los expertos contribuyeron para la calificación del instrumento Evaluación Socioestructural y del Comportamiento-VIH, permitiendo la reorganización del contenido. El instrumento es válido para identificar factores socioestructurales y conductuales asociados a la infección por VIH en jóvenes, con potencial para constituir una planificación de atención preventiva.

ABSTRACT Objective to construct and validate the content of an instrument for sociostructural and behavioral assessment associated with HIV infection in young people. Method a methodological study developed in two steps: instrument elaboration; and content validity. The items that made up the instrument were selected through a literary review using the Modified Social Ecological Model multilevel domains as a reference, categorized into sociostructural and behavioral components. Content was assessed by experts in two rounds conducted using the Delphi technique, assuming an agreement rate of at least 80%. Results the first version of the instrument contained 52 items, distributed across three domains. In the first round, 19 items (36.5%) had a Content Validity Index lower than 0.80, two items were excluded and the rest were reformulated. In the second round, 2 items were excluded and 3 were incorporated as subitems, totaling 45 items. The Instrument Content Validity Index was 95%. Conclusion and implications for practice experts' recommendations contributed qualifying the Sociostructural and Behavioral Assessment-HIV instrument, enabling content reorganization. The instrument is valid for identifying socio-structural and behavioral factors associated with HIV infection in young people, with the potential to constitute preventive care planning.

Impacto de la pandemia: acceso a la salud y la educación de los pacientes atendidos en 2019 y 2020 en Policlínica de Neurodesarrollo del Servicio de Neuropediatría del CHPR / Impact of the pandemic on the health and education of patients who received assistance at the Pereira Rossell Pediatric Hospital's Neurodevelopment Clinic in 2019 and 2020 / Impacto da pandemia: acesso à saúde e educação para pacientes atendidos durante os anos 2019 e 2020 na Policlínica de Neurodesenvolvimento do Serviço de Neuropediatria do CHPR

La pandemia ha repercutido en los hábitos cotidianos y en la salud de las personas en múltiples formas, afectando el acceso a las consultas médicas, tratamientos especializados y educación. Las poblaciones con mayor vulnerabilidad socioeconómica o de salud, o ambas, parten de un lugar más desfavorecido respecto a otras ante una situación de pandemia. En el marco de la situación sanitaria de emergencia, realizamos un estudio con el fin de conocer el perfil de desarrollo de los niños atendidos en la Policlínica de Neurodesarrollo del Servicio de Neuropediatría del CHPR durante 2020 y comparar el acceso a servicios de salud y educación con el de aquellos atendidos en 2019, por medio de un estudio descriptivo longitudinal. La información fue relevada mediante entrevista telefónica con los referentes y el análisis de los informes de la evaluación del desarrollo realizada. Según los resultados obtenidos se constata un menor acceso a la educación y a la salud en tiempos de pandemia y repercusiones variadas en la vida cotidiana de los niños con trastornos del neurodesarrollo, manifestando los referentes 60% de impacto negativo, principalmente en el aumento de la irritabilidad y la inquietud. Las restricciones de la pandemia han puesto en primer plano las consecuencias de problemáticas que existían previamente, como ser el costoso acceso a tratamientos especializados y dificultades en el acceso a la educación de calidad adaptada al perfil de desarrollo de cada niño. Esperamos, con el presente trabajo, aportar en mejorar las condiciones ambientales y el acceso a oportunidades de los niños pequeños con patologías del desarrollo.

The pandemic has impacted people's daily habits and health in multiple ways, affecting access to medical consultations, specialized treatments, and education. Populations with greater socioeconomic and/or health vulnerability start from a more disadvantaged level in a pandemic situation. Within the framework of the emergency health situation, we carried out a longitudinal descriptive study in order to know the development profile of the children assisted at the CHPR Clinic in 2020 and compared their access to health and education services to those assisted in 2019. The data was collected through a telephone interview with the referents and the data analyses were obtained from the development assessment reports carried out. The results showed that there is less access to education and health in pandemic times and there are various impacts on the daily life of children with neurodevelopmental disorders. Referents showed a 60% negative impact, mainly in the increase in irritability and restlessness. The pandemic restrictions brought on the consequences of previously existing problems, such as expensive access to specialized treatments and difficulty to access quality education adapted to the development profile of individual children. This paper intends to contribute to the improvement of the environmental conditions and access to opportunities of young children with developmental pathologies.

A pandemia teve impacto nos hábitos diários e na saúde das pessoas de múltiplas formas, afetando o acesso a consultas médicas, tratamentos especializados e educação. As populações com maior vulnerabilidade socioeconómica e/ou sanitária partem dum nível mais desfavorecido quando confrontados com a situação pandêmica. No âmbito da situação de emergência sanitária, realizamos um estudo descritivo longitudinal com o objetivo de conhecer o perfil de desenvolvimento das crianças atendidas na referida Policlínica durante o ano de 2020 e comparar o acesso aos serviços de saúde e educação com o das crianças atendidas no ano de 2019. As informações foram coletadas através de entrevistas telefônicas com os referentes e da análise dos relatórios da avaliação de desenvolvimento realizada. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, há menor acesso à educação e à saúde em tempos de pandemia e existem repercussões variadas no quotidiano das crianças com perturbações do neurodesenvolvimento. Os referentes reportaram um impacto negativo de 60%, principalmente no aumento da irritabilidade e da inquietação. As restrições da pandemia trouxeram as consequências de problemas anteriormente existentes, como o acesso dispendioso a tratamentos especializados e as dificuldades de acesso a uma educação de qualidade e adaptada ao perfil de desenvolvimento de cada criança. Esperamos com este trabalho contribuir para a melhoria das condições ambientais e do acesso a oportunidades para crianças pequenas com patologias de desenvolvimento.

Vulnerabilidade social no contexto da pandemia de COVID-19: uma discussão bioética / Social vulnerability in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic: a bioethical discussion / Vulnerabilidad social en el contexto de la pandemia del COVID-19: una discusión bioética

Objetivo: analisar, sob um olhar bioético, a vulnerabilidade social referente à saúde durante o contexto da pandemia de COVID-19. Metodologia: foram incluídas publicações de 1º de janeiro a 31 de dezembro de 2020, revisadas por pares, identificadas nas bases de dados Pubmed, SciELO e LILACS. Foram utilizados para realizar a busca na base Pubmed o termo MESH "COVID-19" conjugado com os termos: "vulnerable population", "population groups", "social determinants of health", "health equity". Os descritores DECS equivalentes em português e em espanhol dos termos MESH foram utilizados na busca nas outras duas bases. Resultados: de um total de 132 artigos, após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, foram identificados 21 artigos elegíveis. Os temas mais abordados na amostra foram: vulnerabilidades referentes a pessoas idosas, raça, minorias étnicas, condições socioeconômicas precárias, gênero feminino, pessoas com deficiência e condições crônicas de saúde. Observou-se artigos abordando mais de uma temática, integrando aspectos diversos de populações vulneráveis. Com base nos dados encontrados foram feitas análise e discussão com foco em vulnerabilidade como conceito bioético, além de conexões com discriminação e determinação social da saúde. Conclusão: os resultados apontam para a violação de direitos explicitados na Declaração Universal de Bioética e Direitos Humanos. Ao aumentar a disparidade da morbimortalidade por COVID-19 de grupos populacionais já impactados pela determinação social da saúde, constata-se uma violação do direito à saúde, indicando que governos e sociedades falham em respeitar a vulnerabilidade de grupos sociais no contexto pandêmico.

Objective: to analyze, from a bioethical perspective, social vulnerability in relation to health during the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The study included peer-reviewed publications from January 1st until December 31st 2020, identified in Pubmed, SciELO and LILACS data basis. Mesh terms were utilized for research in Pubmed as follows: "COVID-19" conjugated with the terms: "vulnerable population", "population groups", "social determinants of health", "health equity". Portuguese and Spanish equivalents DECS terms were used for searching in the other two databases. Results: a total of 132 articles were found. After applied inclusion and exclusion criteria, were 21 eligible articles. The most recurrent themes were: racial, ethnic and social-economics, gender, age, disability and chronic health conditions. Articles addressing more than one theme were observed, integrating different aspects of vulnerable populations. A bioethical discussion with focus in vulnerability based in the data retrieved took place and connections with discrimination and social determinants of health were made. Conclusion: results point to the violation of rights explained in the Universal Declaration of Bioethics and Human Rights. By increasing the disparity in morbidity and mortality from COVID-19 of population groups already impacted by the social determination of health, there is a violation of the right to health, indicating that governments and societies fail to respect the vulnerability of social groups in the pandemic context.

Objetivo: analizar desde un punto de vista bioético, la vulnerabilidad social relacionada con la salud durante el contexto de la pandemia de la COVID-19. Metodología: se incluyeron publicaciones revisadas por pares del 1 de enero al 31 de diciembre de 2020, identificadas en las bases de datos Pubmed, SciELO y LILACS. Se utilizó el término MESH "COVID-19" para buscar en la base de datos Pubmed junto con los términos: "población vulnerable", "grupos de población", "determinantes sociales de la salud", "equidad en salud". Los descriptores DECS equivalentes en portugués y español de los términos MESH fueron utilizados en la búsqueda en las otras bases.Resultados: de un total de 132 artículos, tras aplicar los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, se identificaron 21 artículos. Los temas más discutidos fueron: vulnerabilidades relacionadas con los adultos mayores, raza (énfasis en personas negras), minorías étnicas, condiciones socioeconómicas precarias, género femenino, personas con discapacidad y condiciones crónicas de salud. Se observaron artículos que abordaban más de un tema, integrando diferentes aspectos de las poblaciones vulnerables. A partir de los datos encontrados, se realizó análisis y discusión con foco en la vulnerabilidad como concepto bioético, así como las conexiones con la discriminación y la determinación social de la salud. Conclusión: los resultados apuntan a la violación de los derechos explícitos en la Declaración Universal de Bioética y Derechos Humanos. Al aumentar la disparidad en la morbimortalidad por COVID-19 de grupos poblacionales ya impactados por la determinación social de la salud, se vulnera el derecho a la salud, indicando que los gobiernos y las sociedades no respetan la vulnerabilidad de los grupos sociales ante la pandemia.

A perspective on research ethics committees in the Brazilian amazon

This study presents the importance of the Research Ethics Committees (CEP) in the context of the Brazilian North Region, formed by the Amazon rainforest, which is occupied by traditional populations and those constituted by migratory currents. This study aims to analyze the bioethical implications arising from the activities of CEPs in the ethical evaluation of research projects and their essential role in protecting vulnerable populations. The authors seek to highlight the importance of ethics committees in the Amazon and their importance face the modern bioethical values that can contribute to the preservation of one of the most valuable and diverse environments on earth.

Este estudio presenta la importancia de los comités de ética en investigación (CEP) en el contexto de la Región Norte de Brasil, formada por la selva amazónica, ocupada por poblaciones tradicionales y constituida por corrientes migratorias. Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar las implicaciones bioéticas derivadas de las actividades de los CEP en la evaluación ética de los proyectos de investigación y su papel esencial en la protección de las poblaciones vulnerables. Los autores buscan destacar la importancia de los comités de ética en la Amazonia y su importancia frente a los valores bioéticos modernos que pueden contribuir a la preservación de uno de los ambientes más valiosos y diversos del planeta.

Esse estudo apresenta a importância dos Comitês de Ética em Pesquisa (CEPs) no contexto da Região Norte Brasileira, formada pela floresta amazônica e ocupada por populações tradicionais e aquelas constituídas por correntes migratórias. Esse estudo objetiva analisar as implicações bioéticas que surgem das atividades dos CEPs na avaliação ética de projetos de pesquisa e seu papel fundamental em proteger populações vulneráveis. Os autores procuram enfatizar a importância dos comitês de ética na Amazônia e sua importância face a valores bioéticos modernos, que podem contribuir para a preservação de um dos mais valiosos e diversos ambientes na terra.

Burden of HIV infection, vulnerable populations and access barriers to healthcare. / Magnitud de la infección por VIH, poblaciones vulnerables y barreras de acceso a la atención sanitaria.

In Spain, HIV incidence has remained stable and higher than the European average since 2000 due to insuf-ficient prevention measures. An estimated 130,000-160,000 people are believed to be living with HIV in Spain, including 18% who do not know they are infected, and half are late diagnoses, with a poorer clinical course, lower quality of life and life expectancy, as well as higher costs. Late diagnosis is more common in heterosexuals, intravenous drug users, people over 50 years of age and immigrants, whereas men who have sex with men are the only group where the rate of new diagnoses is increasing. An estimated 34% of people with HIV have a detectable viral load, mainly due to barriers that hinder diagnosis such as insufficient testing availability and the low risk perception of undiagnosed individuals and healthcare professionals.

Does the Brazilian cash transfer program (bolsa familia): Protect nutritional deviations among infants and breastfeeding practices in a capital of the Central Region of Brazil?

Cash transfer programs are strategies used by countries, intended for impoverished families, which play an essential role in promoting access to public services such as health, education, and social protection. Programs may also promote food and nutrition security. The Brazilian Cash Transfer Program ("Bolsa Familia") (BFP) aims to alleviate immediate poverty and combat hunger. The aim of this study is to characterize the nutritional and breastfeeding status of children under two years old among both beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries of BFP. Data from the Brazilian Food and Nutritional Surveillance System, available in the primary healthcare service system of Goiania, Brazil, in 2013 were collected. The following variables were evaluated: sex, weight, height/length, age, and breastfeeding status. Data from 4,567 children under 24 months old were assessed, of which 2.72% (n= 124) were BFP beneficiaries. Beneficiaries had a lower odd of receiving breast milk compared to non-beneficiaries (OR= 0.46, 95% CI:0.31; 0.66, p= 0.0001). Regarding nutritional status, 18.14% (n= 790) of children were diagnosed with nutritional deviation, and overweight was the most prevalent (n=352, 8.04%). Beneficiaries presented a lower odd of developing stunting when compared to non-beneficiaries of BFP (OR= 0.44, 95% CI:0.25; 0.77, p= 0.006). Being a BFP beneficiary was a protective factor for the stunting in children under 24 months old in Goiania, Brazil. However, measures to promote and support breastfeeding should be intensified in primary healthcare service, aimed primarily at children in social vulnerability.

Los programas de transferencias en efectivo son estrategias utilizadas por los países, destinadas a familias en situación de pobreza y pobreza extrema, que juegan un papel fundamental en la promoción del acceso a los servicios públicos como salud, educación y protección social, además de promover la seguridad alimentaria y nutricional. El Programa Brasileño de Transferencias en Efectivo ("Bolsa Familia") (BFP) tiene como objetivo aliviar la pobreza inmediata y combatir el hambre. El objetivo de este estudio es caracterizar el estado nutricional y de lactancia de los niños menores de dos años, tanto beneficiarios como no beneficiarios del BFP. Se recogieron datos del Sistema de Vigilancia Alimentaria y Nutricional Brasileña, disponibles en el sistema de atención primaria de salud de Goiânia, Brasil, en 2013. Se evaluaron las siguientes variables, sexo, peso, talla, edad y estado de lactancia. Se evaluaron datos de 4.567 menores de 24 meses, de los cuales el 2.72% (n=124) eran beneficiarios del BFP. Las beneficiarias presentaron menos posibilidades de recibir leche materna en comparación con las no beneficiarias (OR= 0.46, IC95%:0,31; 0,66, p= 0,0001). En cuanto al estado nutricional, el 18,14% (n= 790) de los niños fueron diagnosticado con desviación nutricional, siendo el sobrepeso el más prevalente (n= 352, 8, 04%). Los beneficiarios presentaron menos probabilidad de desarrollar talla baja en comparación con los no beneficiarios del BFP (OR= 0.44, IC95%: 0.25; 0.77, p= 0.006). Ser beneficiario del BFP fue un factor de protección para la baja talla en menores de 24 meses en Goiania, Brasil. Sin embargo, se deben intensificar las medidas de promoción y apoyo a la lactancia materna en los servicios de atención primaria de salud, dirigidas principalmente a los niños en situación de vulnerabilidad social.

Fidelity of implementation of Reptes, an alcohol and cannabis selective prevention program for youngsters / Fidelidad de implementación de Reptes, un programa de prevención selectiva del consumo juvenil de alcohol y cánnabis

Objective: Implementation fidelity is a key dimension in process evaluation but has been scarcely studied.Reptes is a selective alcohol and cannabis use prevention program performed in vulnerable young people(16-21 years) from different educational and leisure settings. The study aimed to describe the componentsof this program, its implementation fidelity, and satisfaction among participants and facilitators.Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted. Implementation fidelity was assessed interms of adherence, dose, participant responsiveness, and quality of the intervention through self-reportscompleted by 15 facilitators and self-administered questionnaires by 99 youth from the 15 groups com-pleting the program.Results: 70.7% of the groups performed 30 of the 43 planned activities with high use of various teachingmethods, except for Information and Communication Technology resources. Fidelity implementation wasabove 70%. 2/3 groups completed an acceptable intervention and 1/3 completed a qualified intervention.Satisfaction was higher than 7.Conclusions: Our results show high implementation fidelity and satisfaction compared with those fromsimilar studies.(AU)

Objetivo: La fidelidad en la implementación es una dimensión clave en el proceso de evaluación, pero hasido escasamente estudiada. Reptes es un programa de prevención selectiva del consumo de alcohol ycánnabis dirigido a jóvenes vulnerables (16-21a ˜nos) de diferentes espacios educativos y de ocio y tiempolibre. El estudio pretende describir los componentes de este programa, su fidelidad de implementacióny la satisfacción de los/las participantes y los/las facilitadores/as.Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal. La fidelidad de implementación fue valorada enclave de adherencia, dosis, capacidad de respuesta de los/las participantes y calidad de la interven-ción a través de los informes autocumplimentados por los/las 15 facilitadores/as del programa y loscuestionarios autocompletados por los/las 99 jóvenes de los 15 grupos que completaron el programa.Resultados: El 70,7% de los grupos realizaron 30 de las 43 actividades planificadas, con un uso elevado delas estrategias de aprendizaje, excepto para los recursos basados en las tecnologías de la información yla comunicación. La fidelidad de implementación se situó por encima del 70%. Dos tercios de los gruposcompletaron una intervención aceptable y un tercio completó una intervención cualificada. La satisfacciónse situó por encima de 7.Conclusiones: Nuestros resultados muestran una alta fidelidad en la implementación y la satisfacción encomparación con estudios similares.(AU)

Vulnerabilidad sociolaboral y riesgo a la salud en mineros de subsistencia en las principales cuencas de Colombia / Combined hydration and effects on the vocal health in speech language pathology students

Objetivos: Evaluar la influencia de las condiciones socio-demográficas y de la existencia de asociaciones entre las condiciones de seguridad laboral y la prevalencia de efectos en la salud. Material y Métodos: Estudio transversal con intensión analítica realizado con fuentes secundarias de variables socio-demográficas, laborales, de condición y efectos sobre la salud asociados a la práctica de la minería aurífera y al uso de mercurio, los registros n=367. La realización de pruebas y estimaciones estadísticas de rigor a un nivel de confianza del 95% (p<0,05). Resultados: Las mujeres en su mayoría, de 45 a 49 años, analfabetos. Los efectos sobre la condición física y la salud asociados a su labor, demuestran la prevalencia de alteraciones como pérdida de: fuerza, visión y cabello. Las regresiones lineales entre las concentraciones orgánicas de Hg (sangre, orina y cabello) y el tiempo de realización de esta labor, apuntan que existen asociaciones proporcionales significativas (p<0,05) Conclusiones: El uso de medidas de seguridad laboral puede incidir significativamente en la reducción de riesgos asociados a la exposición al mercurio, principalmente en segmentos poblacionales con mayor vulnerabilidad. (AU)

Objectives: Develop an assessment of socio-demographic conditions influence as well significant associations among occupational safety conditions and health effects prevalence on gold small-scale miners vulnerability in Colombia. Material and Methods: Cross-sectional study with analytical intent conducted with secondary sources of socio-demographic, labor, condition and health effects variables associated with the practice of gold mining and the use of mercury, records n=367. The performance of tests and statistical estimates of rigor at a confidence level of 95% (p<0.05). Results: Women are mostly illiterate aged 45 to 49. The effects on physical condition and health associated with their work demonstrate the prevalence of alterations such as loss of: strength, vision and hair. The linear regressions between the organic concentrations of Hg (blood, urine and hair) and the time of performance of this work, indicate that there are significant proportional associations (p<0.05). Conclusions: The assessment of occupational safety measures might have a significant impact on potential risks reduction associated with mercury usage and exposure, mainly in population segments with higher vulnerability tendencies. (AU)

Vulnerabilidad y cuidado desde la perspectiva de enfermería: Una revisión integrada de la literatura

La vulnerabilidad es un concepto ampliamente utilizado en la literatura de las ciencias sociales, e incorporado al ámbito sanitario con el desarrollo de la bioética y el modelo de determinantes sociales de la salud. Ha sido descrito por expertos como un concepto complejo y de gran utilidad para abordar poblaciones susceptibles de enfermar. Esto obliga a enfermería a identificar estos grupos y responder a sus necesidades de cuidado. Objetivo. Revisar la literatura para analizar las intersecciones en la relación conceptual entre vulnerabilidad y cuidado, desde una perspectiva de enfermería. Metodología. Se realizó una revisión integradora de la literatura basada en la sistematización propuesta por Whittemore y Knafl. Se consideró la literatura de los últimos cinco años disponible en las bases de datos Wos®, Scopus® y PubMed®. En la estrategia de búsqueda se utilizaron las palabras claves "vulnerability" and "care". Resultados. Se seleccionaron 18 artículos, coincidente con países que han desarrollado modelos sanitarios con enfoque social, como Canadá y Brasil. En el análisis se identificaron y describieron cinco temas en que se interceptan vulnerabilidad y cuidado; paradigma ontológico, epidemiológico, social y bioético, y la asociación entre vulnerabilidad y necesidades de cuidado. Conclusiones. La literatura da cuenta de la estrecha relación entre vulnerabilidad y cuidado, dado que la naturaleza de los cuidados profesionales de enfermería es la respuesta organizada socialmente a la vulnerabilidad humana.

Vulnerability is a concept widely used in the social sciences literature, and incorporated into the health field with the development of bioethics, and the model of social determinants of health. It has been described by experts as a complex concept, and very useful for addressing populations susceptible to illness. This ethically obliges nursing to identify these groups and respond to their care needs. Goal. To review the literature to analyze the intersections in the conceptual relationship between vulnerability and care, from a nursing perspective. Methodology. An integrative review of the literature was carried out based on the systematization proposed by Whittemore and Knafl. Literature from the last five years available in the Wos®, Scopus® and PubMed® databases was considered. The keywords "vulnerability" and "care" were used in the search strategy. Results. 18 articles were selected, coinciding with countries with health models with a social focus, such as Canada and Brazil. In the analysis, five themes were identified and described in which vulnerability and care intersect; ontological, epidemiological, social and bioethical paradigm, and the association between vulnerability and care needs. conclusions. The literature reports the close relationship between vulnerability and care, given that the nature of professional nursing care is the socially organized response to human vulnerability.

A vulnerabilidade é um conceito amplamente utilizado na literatura das ciências sociais, incorporado ao âmbito sanitário com o desenvolvimento da bioética e o modelo de determinantes sociais da saúde. Foi descrito por especialistas como um conceito complexo e de grande utilidade para abordar populações suscetíveis a adoecer. Isto obriga eticamente a enfermagem a identificar estes grupos e responder a suas necessidades de cuidado. Objetivo. Revisar a literatura para analizar as intersecções na relação conceitual entre vulnerabilidade e cuidado, a partir de uma perspectiva da enfermagem. Metodologia. Realizou-se uma revisão integradora da literatura baseada na sistematização proposta por Whittemore e Knafl. Considerou-se a literatura dos últimos cinco anos disponíveis nas bases de dados Wos®, Scopus® e PubMed®. Na estratégia de busca utilizou-se as palavras chaves "vulnerability" and "care". Resultados. Foram selecionados 18 artigos, coincidentes com países que desenvolveram modelos sanitários com enfoque social, como o Canadá e o Brasil. Na análise identificaram-se e descreveram-se cinco temas em que se interceptam vulnerabilidade e cuidado: paradigma ontológico, epidemiológico, social e bioético, e a associação entre vulnerabilidade e necessidades de cuidado. Conclusões. A literatura dá conta da estreita relação entre vulnerabilidade e cuidado, dado que a natureza dos cuidados profissionais de enfermagem é a resposta organizada socialmente à vulnerabilidade humana.

Repercussões da pobreza menstrual para as mulheres e pessoas que menstruam: revisão integrativa / Repercusiones de la pobreza menstrual para las mujeres y las personas que menstruan: revisión integrativa / Repercussions of period poverty for women and people who menstruate: an integrative review

Objetivos: investigar as repercussões da pobreza menstrual para as mulheres e pessoas que menstruam. Método: revisão integrativa da literatura, realizada nas bases de dados MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science e CINAHL. Foram incluídos artigos na íntegra, nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol e com recorte temporal de sete anos (2017-2023) para responder a pergunta norteadora: Quais são as repercussões da pobreza menstrual na vida das mulheres e pessoas que menstruam? A inclusão dos artigos foi feita por dois revisores independentes e com consenso por um terceiro. Resultados: foram incluídos 15 artigos e observou-se três principais repercussões da pobreza menstrual: absenteísmo escolar, aumento do risco de infecções do trato genital e repercussões emocionais. Conclusão: a pobreza menstrual traz repercussões negativas para as mulheres e pessoas que menstruam, comprometendo a saúde física, mental e a esfera social, motivo pelo qual o tema precisa ser amplamente visibilizado e combatido.

Objetivos: investigar las repercusiones de la pobreza menstrual para las mujeres y las personas que menstruan. Método: revisión integrativa de la literatura, realizada en las bases de datos MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science y CINAHL. Se incluyeron artículos en su totalidad, en los idiomas portugués, inglés y español y con recorte temporal de siete años (2017-2023) para responder a la pregunta orientadora: ¿Cuáles son las repercusiones de la pobreza menstrual en la vida de las mujeres y personas que menstruan? La inclusión de los artículos fue hecha por dos revisores independientes y con consenso por un tercero. Resultados: se incluyeron 15 artículos y se observaron tres principales repercusiones de la pobreza menstrual: absentismo escolar, aumento del riesgo de infecciones del tracto genital y repercusiones emocionales. Consideraciones finales: la pobreza menstrual trae repercusiones negativas para las mujeres y personas que menstruan, comprometiendo la salud física, mental y la esfera social, por lo que el tema necesita ser ampliamente visibilizado y combatido.

Objective: to investigate the repercussions of period poverty for women and people who menstruate. Method: an integrative review of the literature, performed in MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science and CINAHL databases. The sample included complete articles, in Portuguese, English and Spanish, and with a timeframe of seven years (2017-2023) to answer the guiding question: What are the repercussions of period poverty in the lives of women and people who menstruate? The inclusion of the articles was done by two independent reviewers and with consensus by a third party. Results: 15 articles were included and three main repercussions of period poverty were observed: school absenteeism, increased risk of genital tract infections and emotional repercussions. Final considerations: period poverty brings negative repercussions for women and people who menstruate, compromising physical, mental and social health, which is why the theme needs to be widely publicized and combated.