Current efforts on sustainable green growth in the manufacturing sector to complement "make in India" for making "self-reliant India".

In an effort to become a global manufacturing giant, India has launched an ambitious "Make in India" campaign. In this article, we discussed the initiatives launched by Indian Government to create a sustainable economy, as well as opportunities for national and international start-up organisations to reinforce "Make in India" campaign. For the first time, we present an in-depth discussion of Green India policies and manufacturing sector challenges. The aim is to improve the manufacturing output of India and reduce dependence on foreign imports for which campaigns like "Atmanirbhar Bharat" which translates into "Self-Reliant-Green" India has also been started. Department of Science & Technology play a key role in establishing various programs such as infrastructure development, technological support, and green manufacturing programs all of which help to translate "discovery research" into "commercially viable technologies". It focuses specifically on "Startups", MSME's, young scientists, R&D labs and traditional manufacturing units that have little access to financial support but are an integral part of the Indian manufacturing ambit. The programs are interconnected and designed to function in a way that every support could be provided to the indigenous manufacturing, innovation and implementation of climate-resilient green growth strategies.

Head-Space SPME for the Analysis of Organophosphorus Insecticides by Novel Silica IL-Based Fibers in Real Samples.

This work demonstrates the suitability of a newly developed ionic liquid (IL)-based silica SPME fiber for the determination of seven organophosphorus insecticides in cucumber and grapefruit samples by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) with a gas chromatography−flame ionization detector (FID). The sol-gel method released four different sorbent coatings, which were obtained based on a silica matrix containing ILs immobilized inside its pores. In order to obtain ionogel fibers, the following ionic liquids were utilized: 1-Butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide; Butyltriethyl ammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide; 1-(2-Methoxyethyl)-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, and 1-Benzyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide. The developed fibers were applied for the extraction of seven different insecticides from liquid samples. The most important extraction parameters of HS-SPME coupled with the GC-FID method were optimized with a central composite design. The new SPME fiber demonstrated higher selectivity for extracting the analyzed insecticides compared with commercially available fibers. The limit of detection was in the range of 0.01−0.93 µg L−1, the coefficients of determination were >0.9830, and 4.8−10.1% repeatability of the method was found. Finally, the obtained ionogel fibers were utilized to determine insecticides in fresh cucumber and grapefruit juices.

The Leadership Mentoring in Nursing Research Program for Postdoctoral Nurses: A Development Paper.

PURPOSE: The Dutch Nursing Science Faculties developed the Leadership Mentoring in Nursing Research program, which aims to increase the cadre of nurse scientists, strengthen nursing research within universities, and improve the career development of postdoctoral nurses. The purpose of this article was to describe the development of the leadership and mentoring program to foster its replication and to present a formative program evaluation. DESIGN: The leadership mentoring program was developed using a three-step procedure: a systematic review of the literature on successful leadership programs was conducted; theoretical underpinnings were identified and input; and feedback was solicited from national and international experts and changes made, resulting in the final program, which was executed from February 2016-2018. FINDINGS: A 2-year leadership and mentoring program for postdoctoral nurses working in research was developed and executed. Ten fellows completed the program and worked on their leadership development, developed their own research programs, and established research collaborations. Formative evaluations showed that the fellows highly valued the program sessions. We have learned several key lessons on how to structure, implement, and evaluate the leadership and mentoring program. CONCLUSIONS: Through the leadership and mentoring program, the fellows are immersed in concerted leadership development focusing on the academic leadership role. Formative evaluations showed that the program was valued by the fellows and that several key lessons were learned. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Through the leadership and mentoring program, 10 postdoctoral nurses strengthened their leadership in research and will further develop their role in healthcare research, clinical practice, and education.

[Research development on modern pharmacological effect of tetrandrine].

Han stephania, also known as Stephania tetrandra, expelling wind, relieve pain and inducing diuresis for removing edema, is a traditional Chinese medicine for treating rheumatic arthralgia. Alkaloids have an important pharmacodynamic basis in S. tetrandra, and tetrandrine is one kind content of bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids, which has many biological activities. These activities include anti-tumor in many ways, clinically inhibiting multiple inflammatory factors, preventing and treating liver fibrosis and renal fibrosis and many other kinds of fibrotic diseases, and in addition, tetrandrine could work synergistically with other drugs. In recent years, through in-depth research by scholars at home and abroad, it has been found that tetrandrine has a protective effect on the nervous system and ischemia-reperfusion injury. At the same time, as a calcium ion antagonist, tetrandrine could effectively block the deposition of calcium ions inside and outside the cell. In summary, the application prospect of tetrandrine in clinical practice is very extensive. In this paper, the pharmacological effects of tetrandrine and the possible mechanisms for these effects are summarized, and review its current research progress. It is hoped that the possible application direction of tetrandrine can be revealed more comprehensively, and provide better enlightenment and ideas for clinical application.

Building a Global Culture of Science-The Vietnam Experience.

We detail the lessons learned, challenges, achievements, and outlook in building a chemistry research center in Vietnam. Through the principles of "global science", we provide specific insight into the process behind establishing an internationally-competitive research program-a model that is scalable and adaptable to countries beyond Vietnam. Furthermore, we highlight the prospects for success in advancing global science education, research capacity building, and mentorship.

The impact of the Nurse Faculty Scholars program on schools of nursing.

BACKGROUND: The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Nurse Faculty Scholars program was conceptualized as not only promoting the growth and development of early-career faculty but as enhancing the research infrastructure of scholars' schools of nursing. PURPOSE: At the completion of the scholars' three years of support, deans/directors were asked to provide feedback regarding the institutional impact of the scholars' participation in the program. METHODS: Phone interviews were conducted on the first five completed cohorts and a six-item questionnaire was developed to obtain some quantitative data. DISCUSSION: The program was viewed as having accelerated the scholars' leadership and scholarship, and their influence within the school/university and regionally/nationally. Deans/directors generally agreed that the scholars' experience helped build the school's research portfolio. CONCLUSION: Looking back on how the participating schools of nursing fared, one can say that the program's institutional expectations were achieved most of the time. The program helped scholars build their own reputations and that in turn had consequences for the school's standing as a whole. A number of components are described that can be replicated singly or in various combinations by schools/universities interested in adopting aspects of this program.

Building a mentoring network.

BACKGROUND: Mentoring has long been regarded as one of the key components of research training and faculty development. PURPOSE: The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Nurse Faculty Scholars program purposely facilitated scholars' development of a mentoring network by providing each individual with three mentors: a school-of-nursing mentor (primary), a university-based non-nurse research mentor (research), and a nationally-recognized nurse leader at another university (national). METHOD: The Mentorship Effectiveness Scale was used to assess the effectiveness of each type of mentor in the first five completed cohorts. DISCUSSION: The ratings of mentorship effectiveness for all three kinds of mentors were generally high. Scholars valued most their mentors' support and advocacy; the biggest weakness in dealing with all mentors was accessibility. CONCLUSION: Even when one mentor proved a poor match, another mentor turned out to be an advocate and helpful, thus reaffirming the benefits of a mentoring network as opposed to only a single mentoring relationship. One lesson learned is the importance of preparing mentors for their role via written materials, in-person or phone orientations, and discussions at the annual meeting.

The West African Health Organization's experience in improving the health research environment in the ECOWAS region.

BACKGROUND: The West African Health Organization (WAHO) implemented a research development program in West Africa during 2009-2013 using the Knowledge for Better Health Research Capacity Development Framework, developed by Pang et al. (Bull World Health Organ 81(11):815-820, 2003), on strategies used to improve the research environment. The framework has the following components: stewardship, financing, sustainable resourcing and research utilization. This paper describes how WAHO implemented this research development program in the West African region to help improve the research environment and lessons learnt. METHODS: This is a retrospective review of the regional research development program using a triangulation of activity reports, an independent evaluation and the authors' experiences with stakeholders. This program was designed to address gaps along the components of the framework and to improve partnership. The activities, results and challenges are summarised for each component of the framework. The independent evaluation was conducted using over 180 semi-structured interviews of key stakeholders in the West African region and activity reports. WAHO and major stakeholders validated these findings during a regional meeting. RESULTS: All 15 ECOWAS countries benefited from this regional research development program. WAHO provided technical and financial support to eight countries to develop their policies, priorities and plans for research development to improve their research governance. WAHO, along with other technical and financial partners, organised many capacity-strengthening trainings in health systems research methodology, resource mobilization, ethical oversight and on HRWeb, a research information management platform. WAHO helped launch a regional network of health research institutions to improve collaboration between regional participating institutions. Further, WAHO developed strategic research partnerships and mobilised additional funding to support the program. The program supported 24 health research projects. High staff turnover, weak institutional capacities and ineffective collaboration were some of the challenges encountered during program activity implementation. CONCLUSION: The regional collaborative approach to health research development using this framework was effective given the challenges in the West African region. The achievements particularly with improved research partnerships and funding helped strengthen local health research environments. This highlights WAHO's role and the common experiences in the West African region in improving health research.

A new model for postdoctoral training: the Nursing Postdoctoral Program in Cancer and Health Disparities.

The University of Massachusetts Boston and Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center joined forces in 2009 to create a Postdoctoral Nursing Research Fellowship in Cancer and Health Disparities. In combining the resources of a large university and a research-intensive service institution, the postdoctoral program provides a new model for preparing nurse scientists to conduct independent research that advances nursing knowledge and interdisciplinary understanding of complex health issues. The multifaceted program consists of educational programming, research training, and career planning components. Additionally, each fellow is assigned a nurse scientist mentor and interdisciplinary co-mentor. The mentors support the fellows with scholarly activities and research training and help the fellows craft individualized career plans, including proposals for postfellowship career development research. In this article, the postdoctoral program leaders describe the program structure, strategies used to recruit minority and nonminority candidates, and data describing program outcomes and share lessons learned and recommendations for organizations that may be interested in establishing similar postdoctoral fellowships at their institutions.

Research progress on hepatotoxicity mechanism of polygonum multiflorum and its main components.

As a traditional tonic Chinese medicine, Polygonum multiflorum is widely used in clinical practice. However, with the deepening of modern pharmacological research, its drug toxicity, especially hepatotoxicity, has become increasingly prominent. Based on a large number of clinical and experimental evidence, it has been confirmed that Polygonum multiflorum and its main active ingredients such as anthraquinones and diphenylethylene glucoside can cause different degrees of hepatotoxicity. Further studies have shown that the toxicological mechanisms involved in the hepatotoxicity of different extracts and components of Polygonum multiflorum may include oxidative phosphorylation, bile acid excretion, different metabolic pathways, genetic and metabolic factors, immune homeostasis, etc. By sorting out and summarizing the literature related to hepatotoxicity of Polygonum multiflorum in recent years, this paper discussed the hepatotoxicity mechanism of Polygonum multiflorum and its main components and some contradictions in related reports.

The Influence of Human Connections and Collaboration on Research Grant Success at Various Career Stages: Regression Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Documenting the grant acquisition characteristics of a highly selective group of researchers could provide insights into the research and faculty development of talented individuals, and the insights gained to foster such researchers will help university management strengthen their research capacity. OBJECTIVE: This study examines the role of human connections in the success of biomedical researchers in Japanese universities. METHODS: This study used grant data from the Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (GIA) program, the largest competitive research funding program in Japan, to collect information on projects and their implementation systems obtained throughout the participants' careers. Grant success was measured by the number and amounts of the awards obtained while participants occupied the role of principal investigator. Human connections were quantified by the number of projects in which the participants took part as members and were classified by their relationship with the project leader. Data were matched with information on career history, publication performance, and experience of the participants with government-funded programs apart from GIA and were analyzed using univariate and multivariate regression analyses. RESULTS: Early-career interpersonal relationships, as measured using the h-index value of the researchers who provided the participants with their initial experience as project members, had a positive effect on grant success. The experience of contributing to prestigious research programs led by top researchers dramatically increased the cumulative amount of GIA awards received by the participants over time. Univariate logistic regression analyses revealed that more interactions with upper-level researchers resulted in fewer acquisitions of large programs (odds ratio [OR] 0.67, 95% CI 0.50-0.89). Collaboration with peers increased the success rate of ≥2 research grants in large programs in situations in which both the participant and project leader were professors (OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.06-1.26). Tracking the process of research development, we found that collaboration during the periods of 10 to 14 years and 15 to 19 years after completing a doctorate degree determined the size of the project that the participant would obtain-interactions with peer researchers and subordinates during the 10- to 14-year postdegree period had positive effects on ≥2 large-program acquisitions (OR 1.51, 95% CI 1.09-2.09 and OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.10-1.57, respectively), whereas interactions with subordinates during the 15- to 19-year postdegree period also had positive effects (OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.25-1.07). Furthermore, relationships that remained narrowly focused resulted in limited grant success for small programs. CONCLUSIONS: Human networking is important for improving an individual's ability to obtain external funding. The results emphasize the importance of having a high-h-indexed collaborator to obtain quality information early in one's career; working with diverse, nonsupervisory personnel at the midcareer stage; and engaging in synergistic collaborations upon establishing a research area in which one can take more initiatives.

The international classification of functioning, disability and health in clinical practice, research findings and their impact on training and education.

At the ICF Research Institute (at MSH Medical School Hamburg) multiprofessional experts collaborate on various research projects with a focus on bio-psycho-social health and education. Initially, the main goal was monitoring and evaluating the implementation of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) in clinical practice. Over time and based on the initial findings, the research group started developing new approaches to support training and education of health professionals in the use of the ICF. As a result, substantial changes have recently been made in the curriculum and structure of several courses to improve and expand interprofessional teaching at the MSH Medical School Hamburg (MSH). Furthermore, creative didactic approaches in combination with interprofessional education have been developed.

Bibliometric Insights in Advances of Chordoma: Global Trends and Research Development in the Last Decade.

Chordoma is a rare tumor, but has a serious effect on the quality of life of patients. This study aims to assess the overall knowledge structure and trends in the development of chordoma research using a bibliometric analysis and visualization tool. Research datasets were acquired from the Web of Science. VOS viewer and CiteSpace visualization software were used to demonstrate collaborations and correlations. Annual trends in publications, distribution, H-index status, co-authorship status, and research hotspots were analyzed. A total of 1844 publications from 2012 to 2022 were included. The number of chordoma-related publications increased year by year. The United States contributed the most publications (717) and had the highest total citations (10130) and H-index (50), followed by China. The United States was also the country most frequently involved in international cooperation. The most productive organization involved in chordoma research was Massachusetts General Hospital. World Neurosurgery (114) published the most papers on chordoma. Hornicek FJ was the most productive author over the last decade (41). Initially, diagnosis and the location of onset captured the attention of the research society. Quality of life, risk factors, disability, minimally invasive surgical techniques, molecular targeted therapy, and radiotherapy technology are the research hotspots in recent years. Indeed, this study provides important insights into the overall landscape of chordoma research and also contributes to the further investigation of the international frontier of chordoma.

Bibliometric insights in fournier's gangrene: Research landscapes, turning points, and global trends.

Study Design: Bibliometric and visualization analysis. Objective: To analyze the research landscapes and hotspots of Fournier's gangrene, and reveal the dynamic changes and development trend of research hotspots for the purpose of providing ideas and a basis for clinical and basic research in this field. Methods: Research datasets were acquired from the Web of Science. The publication years were limited from January 1, 1900 to August 5, 2022. The bibliometric tools CiteSpace (v5.8) and VOSviewer (v1.6) were used to analyze the data and generate visualization knowledge maps. Trends in annual publications, distribution, H-index status, coauthorships status and research hotspots were analyzed. Results: According to the search strategy, we identified and enrolled 688 publications regarding to Fournier's gangrene. The number of published papers showed an overall upwards trend. The USA was the largest contributor, ranking first in total publications, citations and the H-index. The top 10 most productive institutions were all from the USA. De Simone B and Sartelli M were the most productive authors. There was close cooperation among countries, but the cooperation among institutions and authors had little contact and poor interactivity. The research hotspots included the pathogenesis factors and treatment. All the identified keywords were divided into 14 clusters, and the label of the latest cluster was "empagliflozin". Prognosis and risk factors, emerging treatment methods, and pathogenesis were at the forefront of the Fournier's gangrene field and were predicted to be the next hot topics. Conclusion: The research of Fournier's gangrene has made some achievements, but the overall research level is still in the primary stage. The academic cooperation between different institutions and authors needs to be strengthened. At the early stage, the mainstream of research was the infected tissue and site, pathogenesis, and diagnosis of disease, while research on newly discovered sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, adjuvant therapy and prognostic factors may be the main directions in the future.

WITHDRAWN: Characteristics, Treatment and Research Development of Bertolotti's Syndrome: A Bibliometric Analysis and Systematic Review.

This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause.

The South West Clinical School model: an initiative to transform clinical academic career pathways.

Background: The Clinical School Model connects professorial staff from the university directly to practitioners in the National Health Service to promote evidence informed practice and develop clinical academic careers. These are promoted widely, but strategic adoption into organisational culture and workforce plans are challenging to overcome. Aims: To describe the development of the Clinical School Model in Cornwall and explore how it generates impact through staff engagement activities to support clinical academic career pathways. Structure, process and outcomes developments over the last 3-years are reported. Methods: Donabedian's framework (structure, process and outcome) was used to report on the development and impact of the Clinical School Model. Results: Structural and process activities are reported, illustrating strong foundations to embed clinical academic career pathway opportunities. In the absence of empirical reporting standards for such developments, quantitative and qualitative outcomes are reported against the Clinical School's 5-year strategic plan. Conclusions: This paper responds to the lack of reported evidence on developing organisational infrastructure to address the clinical academics aspirations of nurses and their employers. This important contribution leads a call for more organisations to report to the evidence base, enabling shared learning and shaping future research.

Fostering Sustainable Biomedical Research Training in Mozambique: A Spin-Off of the Medical Education Partnership Initiative.

Background: The further development of research capacity in low- and middle-income countries is critical to the delivery of evidence-based healthcare, the design of sound health policy and effective resource allocation. Research capacity is also critical for the retention of highly skilled faculty and staff and for institutional internationalization. Objectives: We summarize the accomplishments, challenges and legacy of a five-year program to train biomedical researchers entitled "Enhanced Advanced Biomedical Research Training for Mozambique (EABRTM)". Methods: A program conducted from 2015-2021 built upon the Medical Education Partnership Initiative to develop research capacity at Eduardo Mondlane University (UEM) and allied institutions. The project included design and implementation of postgraduate training programs and bolstered physical and human research infrastructure. Findings: The program supported development and implementation of UEM's first doctoral (Bioscience and Public Health) and master (Biosciences) programs with 31 and 23 students enrolled to date, respectively. Three master programs were established at Lúrio University from which 176/202 (87.1%) and 107/202 (53.0%) students obtained a Postgraduate Diploma or master's degree, respectively. Scholarships were awarded to 39 biomedical researchers; 13 completed master degrees, one completed a PhD and five remain in doctoral studies. Thirteen administrative staff and four biomedical researchers were trained in research administration and in biostatistics, respectively. A total of 119 courses and seminars benefited 2,142 participants. Thirty-five manuscripts have been published to date in peer-reviewed international journals of which 77% are first-authored by Mozambicans and 44% last-authored by Africans. Sustainability was achieved through 59 research projects awarded by international agencies, totaling $16,363,656.42 and funds ($ 7,319,366.11) secured through 2025. Conclusions: The EABRTM program substantially increased research and mentorship capacity and trained a new generation of biostatisticians and research administrators. These programmatic outcomes significantly increased the confidence of early stage Mozambican researchers in their ability to successfully pursue their career goals.

Promoting Best Practice in Cancer Care in Sub Saharan Africa.

Promoting best practice in the management of a cancer patient is rooted in the application of new knowledge derived through various sources including population science, laboratory advances, and translational research. Ultimately, the impact of these advances depends on their application at the patient's bedside. A close collaboration between the oncologist and the pathologist is critical in underwriting progress in the management of the cancer patient. Recent advancements have shown that more granular characteristics of the tumor and the microenvironment are defining determinants when it comes to disease course and overall outcome. Whereas, histologic features and basic immunohistochemical characterization were previously adequate to define the tumor and establish treatment recommendation, the growing capability of the pathologist to provide molecular characterization of the tumor and its microenvironment, as well as, the availability of novel therapeutic agents have revolutionized cancer treatment paradigms and improved patient-outcomes and survival. While such capacity and capability appear readily available in most developed high-income countries (HIC), it will take a concerted and collaborative effort of all stakeholders to pave the way in the same stride in the low and middle-income countries (LMIC), which bear a disproportionate burden of human illness and cancers. Patients in the LMIC present with disease at advanced stage and often display characteristics unlike those encountered in the developed world. To keep stride and avoid the disenfranchisement of patients in the LMIC will require greater participation of LMIC patients on the global clinical trial platform, and a more equitable and affordable sharing of diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities between the developed and developing world. Key to the success of this progress and improvement of patient outcomes in the developing world is the close collaboration between the oncologist and the pathologist in this new era of precision and personalized medicine.

Coaching tailored by stages: A valuable educational strategy to achieve independence in research.

This study presents an individualized coaching approach tailored to the stages of proximity of promising scientists interested in becoming independently funded researchers in the context of a minority-serving institution. This strategy defined the participant's stage of proximity by their number of first-author publications in peer-reviewed journals and their track record in submitting research grants. We argue that coaching tailored by stages is an asset to maintain the enthusiasm, persistence, and positive attitude of promising scientists as they try to reach independent investigator status. Furthermore, this valuable educational approach supports the development of management and leadership skills in defined scientific domains.

Advances in Endoscopic Techniques for Surgical Management of Breast Cancer： A Comprehensive Review / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

With the improvement in quality of life and the development of medical science and technology， people's requirements for postoperative beauty are correspondingly improved. On the premise of ensuring safety and feasibility， the advantages of endoscopic small incisions are used to treat breast diseases. With the vigorous promotion of scholars all over the world， endoscopic treatment of breast cancer has changed from concept to reality. This article will briefly describe the development history of endoscopic treatment of breast cancer， introduce the indications obtained by experts from all over the world through practice， as well as the surgical methods of endoscopic treatment of breast cancer that have evolved based on traditional breast cancer surgery， and discuss the controversy and prospect of endoscopic treatment of breast cancer.