How do public health nurses in Norwegian school health services support siblings of children with complex care needs?

AIMS: There is a paucity of data regarding the care and support provided by Norwegian school health services to siblings of children with complex care needs. Public health nurses are an integral part of these universal services, which focus on health promotion and disease prevention in primary and secondary schools. This study aimed to explore health promotion interventions by public health nurses for siblings in Norwegian schools and to identify regional differences. METHODS: An online national questionnaire was distributed to Norwegian public health nurses and leaders of public health nursing services (N = 487). The questions were related to how the nurses support siblings of children with complex care needs. The quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics. An inductive thematic analysis of free-text comments was conducted. ETHICAL APPROVAL: The study was approved by the Norwegian Centre for Research Data. RESULTS: The majority of public health nursing leaders (67%) reported that the services in their municipality had no system to identify siblings or to provide them with routine care. However, 26% of public health nurses reported that routine support was provided to siblings. Regional differences were identified. STUDY LIMITATIONS: This study included responses from 487 PHNs from all four health regions in Norway. The study design is limited and gives a brief outline of the current situation. Further data are needed to provide in-depth knowledge. CONCLUSIONS: This survey provides important knowledge for health authorities and professionals working with siblings, about inadequate support and regional differences in care provided to siblings by school health services.

School Nurses' Experiences and Needs in COVID-19 Pandemic Response: A Qualitative Study.

The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic drastically shifted the public health burden onto the school health system. We, therefore, explored the school nurses' experiences and needs for confronting the pandemic in school settings across Korea. This qualitative investigation enrolled 30 participants after their written consent. A written interview conducted through email and focus group interviews using an online meeting application verified participants' opinions and experiences. Collected data were subjected to text-mining and content analysis. The school nurse was found to be responsible for many tasks, including education on preventive measures with unclear quarantine guidelines. Content analysis identified three key themes: "aggravated difficulties owing to lack of support resulted in burnout," "reflection on supportive resources; direct provisions were helpful," and "needs and suggestions to safeguard students' health in the event of another pandemic." Recommendations should all be considered to keep schools and students safe from future pandemics.

Conversations About Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights-From a School Nurse Perspective.

Students have the right to receive education about sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR). The United Nations Agenda 2030 for sustainable development includes goals regarding SRHR, including the right to universal access to sexual and reproductive health care services and gender equality. The study used a qualitative design with an inductive approach. Data were collected through semistructured interviews. The results are presented in three categories and nine subcategories. The categories were "having an open attitude," "organizational prerequisites," and "challenging tasks." An open attitude was required to create confidence for both school nurses and students in SRHR conversations. Organizational prerequisites, such as planning SRHR education with others, were successful. Multicultural meetings and conversations regarding gender identity and sexual orientation were challenging tasks. Increased knowledge of SRHR and national standardized guidelines are suggested to achieve Agenda 2030 SRHR goals and to ensure equity in school health care.

Public health nurses' experiences working with children who are next of kin: a qualitative study.

BACKGROUND: There are a substantial number of children who are the next of kin of parents suffering from illness or substance abuse. These children can experience emotional and behavioral problems and may need support from professionals. In Norway, the specialist health service in hospitals is required to have a designated practitioner in each department to ensure support for and follow up of children who are next of kin; however, this is not regulated by law in the health care in the municipalities. The aim of this study was to explore public health nurse's experiences working with children who are next of kin. METHODS: Qualitative interviews were conducted with 10 public health nurses working in the child health clinic and the school health service in four municipalities. Data were analysed using content analysis. Reporting of this study is conducted in accordance to COREQ's checklist. RESULTS: The analysis resulted in one main theme: 'Lack of guidelines and routines among public health nurses working with children who are next of kin'. The main theme consisted of four categories: (1) identifying children who are next of kin are incidental; (2) public health nurses must be observant and willing to act; (3) communication is an important tool; and (4) follow up over time is not always provided. CONCLUSION: The public health nurses experienced uncertainty concerning how to identify and follow up children who are next of kin but were vigilant and willing to act in the children's best interest. Doing so necessitated collaboration with other professionals. The need for guidelines around the role and responsibilities for the public health nurse were emphasized. The knowledge provided by the current study offers valuable insight into strengths and limitations in the support of children who are next of kin and can inform stakeholders in organizing sustainable support for this group.

Novel instrument to guide nurse-led consultations with parents of three-year-olds in school health services in Flanders: A feasibility study of SPARK36.

BACKGROUND: In the framework of new legislation on School Health Services (SHS) in Flanders (Belgium), nurses lead a preventive consultation with every three-year-old child and its parent(s), with the aim of assessing risks in child development and potential parenting problems. This study assesses the feasibility of the "Structured Problem Analysis of Raising kids aged 36 months" (SPARK36), a broad-scope structured interview to facilitate such consultations. DESIGN AND METHODS: A feasibility study was conducted with SHS nurses across Flanders, to determine need for this instrument, acceptability and practical feasibility of SPARK36 with both parents and professionals. Nurses were trained to use the instrument. Mixed methods (i.e., questionnaires for both parents and nurses, and a focus group interview with nurses) were used to evaluate the feasibility of using SPARK36. RESULTS: Parents were satisfied (97.0%) with what was discussed during the consultation and with the consultation's structure (98.8%). After the training, all 20 nurses felt strengthened in performing the consultation and in making a risk assessment. The interview was feasible in 20-30 min. During 561 interviews nurses gave parenting support in 88.2% of cases. CONCLUSIONS: SPARK36 is acceptable, practically feasible for parents and nurses, and it meets needs of both parties. The instrument supports nurses during their consultation. More research is needed to evaluate the instrument and to prepare its implementation in daily practice. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: SPARK36 is a promising instrument for nurse-led consultations in the SHS setting.

[Nursing interventions by school nurses in Germany: A cross-sectional study]. / Interventionen der Schulgesundheitspflege in Deutschland.

Nursing interventions by school nurses in Germany: A cross-sectional study Abstract. Background: The internationally established professional profile of school nursing has not yet been implemented across the board in Germany. In model projects and some international schools the feasibility of the concept and the daily work of school nurses in Germany can already be observed. Urgent and currently often unsolved issues in the school setting are the inclusion of chronically ill students and health promotion in the living environment. Aim: The aim of this paper is to describe the interventions of school nurses in everyday school life. Method: Using a standardized online questionnaire, school nurses in Germany were surveyed regarding the activities they performed and their frequency. The data on the activities were collected based on the Nursing Intervention Classification (NIC). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: Respondents (n = 25) focused on acute care and health education/promotion. Nursing interventions that have a family or population-based approach are performed only "every 2-3 months" or less by the average respondent. Conclusions: The daily intensive implementation of diverse nursing interventions indicates an urgent need for nursing expertise in schools.

Good interaction skills are not enough - competency in mental health issues in child health clinics and school health services.

BACKGROUND: Mental health problems among children and adolescents are a worldwide issue of concern. Health professionals who have sufficient competency in mental health issues are crucial for responding to this situation. AIM: The aim of the study was to describe the competency in mental health issues required by the work of public health nurses in child health clinics and school health services. METHODS: This qualitative, descriptive study was conducted with focus group interviews in March 2018. The sample consisted of public health nurses (n = 24) who were working in child health clinics or school health services in Finland. The data were analysed using inductive and deductive content analysis. RESULTS: The competency in mental health issues required by the work of public health nurses was formulated from the identified strengths and topics required in continuing education. In total, 18 competencies were identified as covering mental health promotion, as well as the alleviation and treatment of symptoms and disorders. Intuitive and interpersonal competency was identified as the main strength of public health nurses. The theoretical and evidence-based competency regarding mental health issues was identified as a main topic needed in continuing education. CONCLUSION: Public health nurses in child health clinics and school health services need competency in mental health issues for the promotion of mental health, the alleviation of symptoms and treatment of disorders. The results indicate that good interactional skills are not enough: the current competency of public health nurses in mental health issues is insufficient and does not meet the requirements of the work. The results were consistent with existing knowledge, but also provide a more comprehensive and precise insight into the current situation. In the future, the results should be verified with more studies. There is also a need for intervention studies aiming to improve competency in mental health issues.

Sustainable human resource training system for promoting school health in Japan.

BACKGROUND: It is essential to develop relevant human resources and sustainable training systems to promote school health. METHODS: This paper reviewed the structure of human resources and relevant training systems for school health in Japan and identified current strengths and challenges. RESULTS: Our review identified seven key points: (i) a legal basis for the allocation of human resources to schools; (ii) established training systems for school health human resources; (iii) uniformity and quality of teacher training curricula; (iv) establishment of teacher-training institutions; (v) education centers in every prefecture; (vi) allocation of supervisors for Yogo teachers to every prefectural and municipal education board; and (vii) various study group activities at the district and school levels. CONCLUSIONS: Based on these results, we proposed some useful ideas for developing human resources to promote school health in countries outside Japan, especially for developing countries. First, it is necessary to clarify the required competencies for school health among school staff and establish teacher-training systems based on the required competencies in each country. It is also necessary to consider possible collaboration with existing community health workers, such as doctors, nurses, midwives, nutritionists, and community health workers by providing short-term training on school health. Second, it is important to train and assign specialists to teacher-training institutions that can provide education and conduct research on school health. Third, it is helpful to enhance the functions of in-service training at the prefectural or district level and introduce lesson study on school health.

Associations Between Daytime Sleepiness, Psychological Symptoms, Headache, and Abdominal Pain in Schoolchildren.

Daytime sleepiness and different symptoms are common problems affecting health and well-being of schoolchildren. This population-based cohort study included 568 children who were followed from ages 10 to 15 years. Daytime sleepiness, headache, abdominal pain, and psychological symptoms (depression, irritability or bad temper, nervousness, anxiety, and dejection) were assessed by self-administered questionnaires. The prevalence of frequent daytime sleepiness was 13% at the ages of 10 and 12 years and increased significantly up to 24% at the age of 15 (p < .0001). Daytime sleepiness as well as psychological symptoms were positively associated with headache and abdominal pain from ages 10 to 15 years. Headache in girls at the ages of 10 predicted the occurrence of headache at the age of 15. School nurses and other professionals need to understand the importance of a holistic evaluation of sleep and different symptoms in children. There is also a need for interventions targeting several co-occurring symptoms.

Incidence and outcomes of school-based injuries during four academic years in Kocaeli, Turkey.

BACKGROUND: School-based injuries are an important public health problem. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence as well as outcomes of school-based injuries at a public primary and secondary school. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study involved 2956 students enrolled at a public primary and secondary school in the central district of Kocaeli province in Turkey from the academic year 2010-2011 to 2013-2014. The data were collected by intern public health nurses at school health units using a school-based injury form. RESULTS: The total incidence of school-based injuries during 4 academic years was 10.52% person-year. The majority of the injured students were aged 10-15 years (73.3%), and boys (65%). Around one-tenth of the injuries were serious, such as burn, fracture-dislocation and soft-tissue injuries. Outdoor injuries were more prevalent for girls while boys had more indoor injuries (50.5%, 53.0%, P > 0.05). The number of the incidence of ≥two injuries increased as the academic year progressed, and there was a weak positive association between the variables (P < 0.05, Cramer's V = 0.311). One out of six injuries were intentional, with the highest incidence in the 6-9 year age group (20.5%) and boys sex (19.8%; P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: School-based injuries at primary and secondary school still challenge the health as well as the security of the students. © 2016 Japan Pediatric Society.

Facilitators and barriers in interprofessional collaboration around physical activity on prescription-a focus group study in a Swedish school setting.

In Swedish school health services, local initiatives have been taken to use physical activity on prescription (PAP) to encourage physically inactive children to become more active. Previous research shows that interprofessional collaboration plays a crucial role in promoting physical activity in children, as well as in promoting health in schools. However, there is a lack of knowledge about PAP for children in the school setting, including how medical and educational staff can work together to encourage children who have been recommended PAP. Therefore, this study aims to explore the perceived facilitators and barriers concerning interprofessional collaboration regarding physical activity on prescription in the school setting, as viewed from the professionals' perspectives. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 21 professionals who work with the method in school settings. The data were analyzed using Reflexive Thematic Analysis. The results reveal both barriers and facilitators for interprofessional collaboration on PAP in the school setting, as perceived by professionals. Organizational and structural obstacles within school institutions hinder collaboration, while a shared commitment to PAP, characterized by consensus-building, acts as a facilitating factor. PAP for children in a school setting is still an unexplored area and further research is required.

Psychosocial health information in free text notes of Swedish children's health records.

BACKGROUND: High-quality documentation of children's health is an important priority in health care given trends of declining mental health and reduced well-being in children. There is a lack of information concerning psychosocial health in the standardized part of the national health record in the Child Health Service and the School Health Service in Sweden. Further, little is known if the free text notes in the health record, besides information on physical health, also include information on children's psychosocial health. The aim of this study was to describe what is recorded concerning children's health and development in free text notes. METHODS: The study was based on a retrospective analysis of text using an inductive approach for qualitative analyses of content. RESULTS: The analysis of the free text notes in the health records yielded seven categories: development, family, health problems, living habits, medical issues, preschool/school and leisure, and well-being. The categories mainly covered psychosocial aspects of health and were not only about health and development problems of the child but also what was covered during the visits. The information was unevenly distributed across the ages. A stronger focus on the youngest age groups within a family and preschool setting is needed. There was novel information in the free text notes such as pain, general health, emotions, mother's mental health and leisure activities, which was not covered in the standardized part of the health records. CONCLUSION: The free text notes mainly reflected a psychosocial perspective on health. The findings of this study suggest that requesting more information on children's psychosocial health in the standardized part of the health records could contribute to more comprehensive and informative health records in the Child health Service and the School Health Service in Sweden.

Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Involvement of Public Primary School Teachers on School Health Service in Isi-Ala-Ngwa Local Government Area of Abia State, Nigeria.

Background: Children who spend large part of their lives in primary schools are exposed to varieties of hazards like physical injuries, infections, nutritional and emotional problems. School age is a period of rapid physical and mental developments. Children require healthy environments for appropriate adjustments to benefit maximally from educational systems. School Health Services were established to ensure healthy members of school community. Teachers play major roles in promotion and successful implementation of programmes. This study examined the knowledge, attitude and involvement of public primary school teachers on school health services. Methodology: This was cross-sectional descriptive study conducted in 24 public primary schools in Isi-ala-Ngwa LGA, Abia State. All the public primary school teachers (264) in the LGA were studied. Data were collected using pre-tested self-administered semi-structured questionnaire. Data were analysed using SPSS version 26 and presented in frequency tables. Chi-square was used to test association between categorical variables. P<0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results: Ages of participants were normally distributed with mean, median, mode and standard deviation being 35.7, 35.5, 35.5 and 8.87 respectively. From the findings, 169 (64%) respondents had good knowledge, 120 (38.6%) had positive attitude to school health services while 72 (27.3%) had good involvement. There was statistically significant difference between socio-demographic characteristics and knowledge of school health services and attitude towards school health services except for qualification of teachers and knowledge of and attitude. There was statistically significant difference between socio-demographic characteristics and involvement of health services except for teachers' residential area. Conclusion: The respondents had good knowledge but poor attitude and involvement to school health services.

School Nurses' Experience of Working in School Health Service during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Sweden.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a vast influence on Swedish society. Related recommendations and political decisions have greatly affected schools. This study aimed to describe school nurses' experience working in Sweden during the pandemic in 2020. The study used a qualitative method with an inductive approach. Interviews with 17 school nurses in five focus groups and one individual interview were conducted. Qualitative content analysis was used. The impact of the pandemic on school nurses can be described through three categories: "Changes in working methods in relation to the students/guardians", "Impact on cooperation with school staff", and "The school nurse's prerequisites for major changes." Overall, school nurses experienced a transition to a digital way of working. Policies and decisions on global and local levels affected the work situations of school nurses as well as the school nurses' social, cultural, and professional experience. The highest priority for school nurses is students, and school nurses adapted their working methods to give support to students during the changing circumstances. School nurses are both pragmatic and highly creative. Cooperation with other school professions is critical, as is support and guidance during crisis situations.

School-based hearing screening in Sweden - An evaluation of current practices.

OBJECTIVES: Routines for school hearing screening vary between municipalities in Sweden, and no study has been carried out to investigate how this is conducted throughout the country. The aim of the present study was to determine the extent of school hearing screening, and how it is performed in all the municipalities in Sweden. METHODS: An online survey was used to collect information on school hearing screening from municipalities in Sweden (N = 290). The survey included questions on the performance of hearing screening, including stimulus level and frequencies tested, the criteria for referral for further hearing evaluation, as well as the equipment and room used for testing, and who carried out the screening. Questions were also included on experience of, and attitudes towards hearing screening. RESULTS: Answers were received from 225 municipalities (response rate 78%). Universal school hearing screening was performed in 202 municipalities, while in the other municipalities hearing screening was performed when a child was evaluated due to speech delay or learning difficulties. Many different protocols were used involving different stimulus levels, frequencies, and referral criteria. The most common was testing with pure tone audiometry with a lowest stimulus level of 20 dB HL at five frequencies, 500-6000 Hz. Hearing screening was usually performed in the preparation class (6 years of age), while in other municipalities it was performed in year 1 (7 years of age). Hearing screening was usually performed once in primary school, while some municipalities carried out screening once in primary school and once in high school. More rarely, hearing screening was conducted twice in primary school. In 25 % of the municipialities, newly arrived immigrant children were screened. Difficulties in performing hearing screening were reported, such as lack of soundproof rooms, lack of time and technical difficulties. There was an opinion among the participants that identifying students with hearing loss is important, as it affects their learning ability and communication skills. and they expressed a desire for national guidelines. CONCLUSIONS: Hearing screening is performed in the vast majority of municipally run schools in Sweden. The way in which screening was performed varied regarding the stimulus level and frequencies used, as well as the criteria for referral to a specialist. The attitude towards hearing screening was positive among the participants. Hearing screening of newly immigrated children is important as their previous medical history is often unknown. There is a need for national guidelines on hearing screening of Swedish schoolchildren. Efforts must continue to ensure that the same level of healthcare regarding children's hearing is provided throughout the whole of Sweden.

Experiences of school health nurses regarding the provision of the school health service delivery in the Tshwane district.

BACKGROUND:  Irrespective of the provision of an integrated school health policy, the school health nurses continue to experience multiple challenges regarding the provisioning of school health service delivery. AIM:  The aim of this paper was to explore and describe the experiences of school health nurses regarding school health service delivery in the Tshwane district. SETTING:  Schools in the Tshwane district in Pretoria were used in the study. METHODS:  A qualitative and descriptive phenomenological design was used to conduct the study. Purposive sampling techniques were used to select a sample from the population of school health nurses employed in the Tshwane district and conduct the enquiry because of their knowledge and experience of school health services. The researchers collected data by means of unstructured, one-on-one in-depth interviews. The Tesch data analysis method was used by the researcher and co-coder. The researcher identified categories, subcategories and themes and these were reduced into grouping topics that were related to one another. RESULTS:  Positive and negative experiences of school health nurses emerged. It was evident from the findings of the study that the factors affecting the quality of the integrated school health programme (ISHP) provided were interrelated. Most of these factors negatively affected service delivery. CONCLUSION:  It was recommended that the partnership between the National Department of Health and National Department of Basic Education as the main role players should be sustained at all times to ensure the successful implementation of the ISHP.

School-based physical activity-related health services and their health benefits within the World Health Organization health-promoting school framework: a systematic review of systematic reviews / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo systematically review the types of health-promoting school (HPS) curriculum and physical activity-related health services based on the WHO-HPS framework, and their impact on health of children and adolescents. MethodsThe databases of EBSCO, PubMed, Web of Science, and CNKI were searched on school-based physical activity-related services and their health benefits based on the WHO-HPS framework from 2017 to June, 2023. A systematic review of systematic reviews was conducted. ResultsA total of seven English articles were included, covering 147 studies from five countries including Switzerland, the United States, Italy, the United Kingdom and Sweden. The systematic reviews were published in the journals related to child physical education and health, HPS, and school-based physical activity. Based on the WHO-HPS framework, HPS curriculum implemented in schools primarily involved physical education classes (such as incorporating specialized sports programs like yoga and dance, increasing physical activity time) and health education programs related to physical activity. Additional activities included extracurricular programs (such as implementing children's sports, recreational and leisure programs, lunchtime enjoyment activities, and game plans, increasing physical activity time within regular school hours, creating opportunities for physical activity during breaks and after school, and providing daily physical activity plans) and integration of physical activity in other subjects. Physical activity-related health services mainly included health screening and monitoring related to physical activity, adolescent health management, and health promotion activities. The health benefits of the interventions included improvement in aerobic capacity, body mass index, cardiorespiratory function, overall physical health, and significant increases in muscle endurance and strength. They also contributed to the cessation or reduction of prolonged sedentary behavior, increased levels of all-day physical activity and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, increased physical activity participation, significant increases in physical activity during school hours, increased proportion of moderate to vigorous physical activity during school time, increased physical activity time, improved leisure and recreational time related to physical activity, enhanced vitality, school quality of life, and energy, improved academic performance, reduced television viewing time, decreased obesity risk, reduced anxiety, improved adaptability and happiness, and promoted positive mental health. Furthermore, there was a significant improvement in students' health-related knowledge on physical activity. ConclusionImplementing HPS curriculum and physical activity-related services in schools may improve various aspects of students' health, including physical fitness, physical activity and sedentary behavior, behavioral health related to physical activity, and health literacy related to physical activity.

Prevalencia de infección tuberculosa latente e incidencia de viraje tuberculínico en contactos escolares mayores de 5 años en la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires / Prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection and incidence of tuberculin conversion among school contacts older than 5 years in the City of Buenos Aires

Introducción. La tuberculosis continúa siendo un problema frecuente en contextos de vulnerabilidad socioeconómica. El objetivo principal fue establecer la prevalencia de infección latente y viraje tuberculínico en contactos escolares de casos de tuberculosis. Población y métodos. En un área programática del sur de la ciudad, se evaluó la prevalencia de infección y viraje tuberculínico de 691 niñas, niños y adolescentes utilizando la prueba cutánea de tuberculina. Se investigó la asociación entre pérdida de seguimiento por parte del equipo de salud y características demográficas, escolares y asistencia inicial, y se describió el grado de adherencia cuando la quimioprofilaxis con isoniacida fue indicada. Resultados. Según las definiciones consideradas, la prevalencia de infección latente fue entre el 3,4 % (IC95 %: 2,3-5,2) y el 11,6 % (IC95 %: 9,3-14,4) de los 610 contactos con al menos una prueba cutánea aplicada. La incidencia de viraje tuberculínico se encontró entre el 0,3 % y el 6,8 % de los 294 evaluados. La edad mayor de 18 años, la mayor prevalencia de necesidades básicas insatisfechas en la comuna escolar, la pertenencia al turno escolar vespertino, la negatividad en la baciloscopia del caso índice y la ausencia de aplicación de la prueba cutánea inicial se asociaron con pérdida de seguimiento del contacto. Conclusiones. La incidencia de viraje tuberculínico en contactos escolares fue baja. La adherencia a isoniacida continúa siendo limitada. Se identificaron factores asociados con la pérdida de seguimiento de contactos que podrían orientar estrategias necesarias para mejorar este proceso.

Introduction. Tuberculosis continues to be a common problem in settings of socioeconomic vulnerability. Our primary objective was to establish the prevalence of latent infection and tuberculin conversion among school contacts of tuberculosis cases. Population and methods. In a programmatic area in the south of the City of Buenos Aires, the prevalence of latent infection and tuberculin conversion was assessed in 691 children and adolescents using the tuberculin skin test. The association between loss to follow-up by the health care team and the demographic, school, and baseline care characteristics was studied, and the level of adherence when isoniazid chemoprophylaxis was indicated was described. Results. According to established definitions, the prevalence of latent infection was between 3.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.3­5.2) and 11.6% (95% CI: 9.3­14.4) in the 610 contacts with at least one skin test. The incidence of tuberculin conversion was between 0.3% and 6.8% in the 294 assessed participants. Age older than 18 years, a higher prevalence of unmet basic needs in the school district, attending the afternoon school shift, negative sputum smear results in the index case, and absence of baseline skin test were associated with contact lost to follow-up. Conclusions. The incidence of tuberculin conversion among school contacts was low. Adherence to isoniazid treatment remains limited. Factors associated with loss of contact tracing were identified, which may guide strategies necessary to improve this process.

Abrangência do Programa Saúde na Escola em Vitória de Santo Antão-PE / Scope of the School Health Program in the municipality of Vitória de Santo Antão in the State of Pernambuco, Brazil

RESUMO A pesquisa objetivou descrever, por meio de um estudo de avaliação, o alcance do Programa Saúde na Escola (PSE) em Vitória de Santo Antão-PE, no ano de 2016. Os dados foram coletados entre outubro de 2016 e fevereiro de 2017, mediante fonte documental das Secretarias Municipal de Saúde, de Educação e da Gerência Regional de Educação. O município apresentou 52 escolas cadastradas, e 26 realizaram alguma atividade referente ao programa. As ações englobaram atividades do componente I, como, por exemplo, 'Avaliação antropométrica', 'Verificação da situação vacinal', 'Promoção e avaliação da saúde bucal'. As temáticas do componente II também foram verificadas, como 'Promoção das práticas corporais e atividade física', 'Ações de segurança alimentar e alimentação saudável', 'Promoção da saúde ambiental e desenvolvimento sustentável', com foco nas arboviroses. O quantitativo de ações na zona urbana foi superior quando comparada a área rural. Um bom número de escolas cadastradas contrastando com a baixa ativação (implementação) do PSE ou, ainda, um alcance 'muito ruim' dos estudantes permearam as respostas da pesquisa, possibilitando a solidificação de subsídios para o surgimento de questionamentos essenciais às novas intervenções nesse campo de pesquisa e fornecendo outros conhecimentos sobre o programa para o público geral.

ABSTRACT The research aimed to describe, through an evaluation study in 2016, the scope of the School Health Program (PSE) in the municipality of Vitória de Santo Antão State of Pernambuco in the Northeast region of Brasil. Data were collected between October 2016 and February 2017 using documental source from the Municipal Health and Education secretaries and the Regional Education Management. The municipality had 52 registered schools and 26 carried out some activity related to the program. The actions encompassed component I activities such as 'Anthropometric assessment', 'Verification of vaccination status', 'Oral health promotion and assessment', for example. The themes of component II were also verified such as 'Promotion of body practices and physical activity', 'Food safety and healthy eating actions', 'Promotion of Environmental Health and sustainable development', with focus on arboviruses. The number of actions in the urban area was higher when compared to the rural area. A good number of registered schools contrasting with the low activation (implementation) of the PSE, or even a 'very bad' reach of students, permeated the survey answers, enabling the solidification of subsidies of essential questions to new interventions in this research field and providing other knowledges about the program to the general public.

Reflections of the social determinants of health on school children's learning / Reflexiones de los determinantes sociales de la salud sobre el aprendizaje de los escolares / Reflexos dos determinantes sociais da saúde na aprendizagem de crianças escolares

ABSTRACT Objective: understanding the repercussions of the social determinants of health on school children's learning, linked to the public-school network, from the point of view of health and education professionals. Method: qualitative study, participant-action type, articulated to Freire's Research Itinerary, through three moments: Thematic Investigation; Coding and Decoding; Critical Unveiling. The participants were 27 health professionals and 18 education professionals, working in four municipalities of Santa Catarina. Individual interviews and a Culture Circle took place between November 2020 and March 2021. The analysis was developed in the discussions in the Culture Circle, with reflection on the themes. Results: unfavorable living conditions, unhealthy habits, and weak social relationships tend to negatively influence children's school learning. There is a need for the implementation of actions involving the health and education sectors, such as the Health at School Program. Conclusion: the articulated action of health and education professionals on social determinants is the way to promote health and children's school performance, in order to minimize the effects of existing inequities.

RESUMEN Objetivo: comprender los reflejos de los determinantes sociales de la salud en el aprendizaje de los escolares, vinculados a la red pública de enseñanza, desde la perspectiva de los profesionales de la salud y de la educación. Método: estudio cualitativo, de tipo acción-participante, articulado al Itinerario de Investigación de Freire, a través de tres momentos: Investigación temática; codificación y descodificación; desvelamiento crítico. Participaron 27 profesionales de la salud y 18 de la educación, que trabajan en cuatro municipios de Santa Catarina. Entre noviembre de 2020 y marzo de 2021 se celebraron entrevistas individuales y un Círculo de Cultura. El análisis se desarrolló en los debates del Círculo de Cultura, con reflexión sobre los temas. Resultados: las condiciones de vida desfavorables, los hábitos poco saludables y las relaciones sociales débiles tienden a influir negativamente en el aprendizaje escolar de los niños. Es necesario poner en marcha acciones que impliquen a los sectores sanitario y educativo, como el Programa Salud en la Escuela. Conclusión: la acción articulada de los profesionales de la salud y de la educación sobre los determinantes sociales es el camino para promover la salud y el rendimiento escolar de los niños, con el fin de minimizar los efectos de las desigualdades existentes.

RESUMO Objetivo: compreender os reflexos dos determinantes sociais da saúde na aprendizagem de crianças escolares, vinculadas à rede pública de ensino, sob a ótica dos profissionais da saúde e da educação. Método: estudo qualitativo, do tipo ação participante, articulado ao Itinerário de Pesquisa de Freire, percorrendo três momentos: Investigação Temática; Codificação e Decodificação; Desvelamento Crítico. Participaram 27 profissionais da saúde e 18 da educação, atuantes em quatro municípios de Santa Catarina. Realizaram-se entrevistas individuais e um Círculo de Cultura entre novembro de 2020 a março de 2021. A análise desenvolveu-se nas discussões no Círculo de Cultura, com reflexão dos temas. Resultados: as condições de vida desfavoráveis, hábitos pouco saudáveis e as relações sociais frágeis tendem a influenciar negativamente na aprendizagem escolar das crianças. Há necessidade de implementação de ações envolvendo o setor saúde e educação, como o Programa Saúde na Escola. Conclusão a atuação articulada dos profissionais de saúde e educação sobre os determinantes sociais é o caminho para promover saúde e o desempenho escolar infantil, com vistas a minimizar os efeitos das iniquidades existentes.