Exploring the Beam Squint Effects on Reflectarray Performance: A Comprehensive Analysis of the Specular and Scattered Reflection of the Unit Cell.

In this article, the phenomena of beam deviation in reflectarray is discussed. The radiation pattern of the unit cell, which plays a vital role in shaping the beam of the reflectarray, is analyzed by considering undesired specular and scattered reflections. These unwanted reflections adversely affect the pattern of the single unit cell, thereby reducing the overall performance of the reflectarray. To conduct our investigations, three cases of reflectarray-i.e., (i) a center-fed with broadside beam (Case-I), (ii) a center-fed with the beam at 30° (Case-II), and (iii) off-center-fed with the beam at 30° reciprocal to feed position with reference to the broadside direction (Case-III)-are simulated. Different degrees of beam deviation are analyzed in each reflectarray by assessing the radiation pattern of a single element. The simulation results shows that maximum of 0°, 3.4°, and 0.54° beam squint across the bandwidth found in Case-I, Case-II, and Case-III, respectively; this leads to aperture efficiencies of 31.2%, 11.9%, and 31.2%, respectively. The significance of specular reflections is further confirmed by half (left half and right half) aperture analysis of Case-II. This involves simulating the half-plane aperture illuminated by horn antenna, resulting in a distinct beam angle at the same frequency. However, deviations of -4.71 to +4.1 for the left half aperture and -1.82 to +1.1 for the right half aperture are noticed. Although the analysis specifically focuses on the three cases of the reflectarray, the proposed methodology is applicable to any type of reflectarray. The study presented in this work provides an important insight into the practical aspects of reflectarray operation, particularly in terms of quantifying undesirable effects that are normally overlooked in the design of this class of arrays. To achieve a good performance, a new design of the dielectric loaded horn feed is proposed. This design approach is both simple and applicable to any reflectarray, with the added benefit of maintaining a low profile for the RA. Moreover, this work holds significant potential for remote sensing satellite systems as beam deviation can adversely impact data collection accuracy and compromise observation precision, resulting in distorted images, reduced data quality, and overall hindrance to the system's performance in capturing reliable information.

A Model-Driven Channel Estimation Method for Millimeter-Wave Massive MIMO Systems.

Aiming at the problem of low estimation accuracy under a low signal-to-noise ratio due to the failure to consider the "beam squint" effect in millimeter-wave broadband systems, this paper proposes a model-driven channel estimation method for millimeter-wave massive MIMO broadband systems. This method considers the "beam squint" effect and applies the iterative shrinkage threshold algorithm to the deep iterative network. First, the millimeter-wave channel matrix is transformed into a transform domain with sparse features through training data learning to obtain a sparse matrix. Secondly, a contraction threshold network based on an attention mechanism is proposed in the phase of beam domain denoising. The network selects a set of optimal thresholds according to feature adaptation, which can be applied to different signal-to-noise ratios to achieve a better denoising effect. Finally, the residual network and the shrinkage threshold network are jointly optimized to accelerate the convergence speed of the network. The simulation results show that the convergence speed is increased by 10% and the channel estimation accuracy is increased by 17.28% on average under different signal-to-noise ratios.

Characteristics and differences of strabismus surgeries performed in private versus public settings: a national multicenter study.

PURPOSE: To investigate and compare the demographics, diagnoses, and surgical procedure types of strabismus repair in public and private hospitals in Israel in order to highlight possible disparities between them. METHODS: Retrospective descriptive study included all strabismus surgeries in seven private hospitals, compared with two large public university-affiliated hospitals from June 2016 to June 2021. Electronic medical records were directly retrieved to produce an anonymized database. RESULTS: During the study period 2420 operations were performed. Patients who underwent strabismus surgery in public hospitals were older and had shorter procedures (p < 0.001 and p = 0.004, respectively). The median number of operated muscles and the prevalence of bilateral procedures were higher in private hospitals (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). Surgery for common strabismus, especially esotropia, was more prevalent in private (p < 0.001), whereas surgery for vertical strabismus, cranial nerve palsies and complex syndromes were performed more often in public hospitals (p < 0.001, p = 0.008, and p < 0.001, respectively). Rectus recession and inferior oblique (IO) anteriorization were more predominant in private hospitals (p = 0.002 and p < 0.001, respectively), while recuts advancement and IO myectomies were more prevalent in public ones (p = 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). Reoperations were far more common in public hospitals (27.2% vs 6.2%, p < 0.0001). This was true across most age groups. CONCLUSIONS: Candidates for strabismus surgery in private hospitals in Israel are often younger, with more common diagnoses, and are usually referred for simpler procedures.

SQUINT Positively Regulates Resistance to the Pathogen Botrytis cinerea via miR156-SPL9 Module in Arabidopsis.

SQUINT (SQN) regulates plant maturation by promoting the activity of miR156, which functions primarily in the miR156-SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE9 (SPL9) module regulating plant growth and development. Here, we show that SQN acts in the jasmonate (JA) pathway, a major signaling pathway regulating plant responses to insect herbivory and pathogen infection. Arabidopsis thaliana sqn mutants showed elevated sensitivity to the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea compared with wild type. However, SQN is not involved in the early pattern-triggered immunity response often triggered by fungal attack. Rather, SQN positively regulates the JA pathway, as sqn loss-of-function mutants treated with B. cinerea showed reduced JA accumulation, JA response and sensitivity to JA. Furthermore, the miR156-SPL9 module regulates plant resistance to B. cinerea: mir156 mutant, and SPL9 overexpression plants displayed elevated sensitivity to B. cinerea. Moreover, constitutively expressing miR156a or reducing SPL9 expression in the sqn-1 mutant restored the sensitivity of Arabidopsis to B. cinerea and JA responses. These results suggest that SQN positively modulates plant resistance to B. cinerea through the JA pathway, and the miR156-SPL9 module functions as a bridge between SQN and JA to mediate plant resistance to this pathogen.

Adjustable Sutures in the Treatment of Strabismus: A Report by the American Academy of Ophthalmology.

PURPOSE: To review the scientific literature that evaluates the effectiveness of adjustable sutures in the management of strabismus for adult and pediatric patients. METHODS: Literature searches were performed in the PubMed database through April 2021 with no date limitations and were restricted to publications in English. The searches identified 551 relevant citations, of which 55 were reviewed in full text. Of these, 17 articles met the inclusion criteria and were assigned a level of evidence rating by the panel methodologist. The search included all randomized controlled studies regardless of study size and cohort studies of 100 or more patients comparing the adjustable versus nonadjustable suture technique, with a focus on motor alignment outcomes or reoperation rates. RESULTS: The literature search yielded no level I studies. Of the 17 articles that met the inclusion criteria, 11 were rated level II and 6 were rated level III. Among the 12 studies that focused on motor alignment outcomes, 4 small randomized clinical trials (RCTs) did not find a statistically significant difference between groups, although they were powered to detect only very large differences. Seven of 8 nonrandomized studies found a statistically significant difference in motor alignment success in favor of the adjustable suture technique, both overall and in certain subgroups of patients. Successful motor alignment was seen in both exotropia (in 3 studies that were not limited to children) and esotropia (in 1 study of adults and 2 of children). The majority of included studies that reported on reoperation rates found the rates to be lower in patients who underwent strabismus surgery with adjustable sutures, but this finding was not uniformly demonstrated. CONCLUSIONS: Although there are no level I studies evaluating the effectiveness of adjustable sutures for strabismus surgery, the majority of nonrandomized studies that met the inclusion criteria for this assessment reported an advantage of the adjustable suture technique over the nonadjustable technique with respect to motor alignment outcomes. This finding was not uniformly demonstrated among all studies reviewed and warrants further investigation in the development and analysis of adjustable suture techniques.

Azimuth Full-Aperture Processing of Spaceborne Squint SAR Data with Block Varying PRF.

The block varying pulse repetition frequency (BV-PRF) scheme applied to spaceborne squint sliding-spotlight synthetic aperture radar (SAR) can resolve large-range cell migration (RCM) and reduce azimuth signal non-uniformity. However, in the BV-PRF scheme, different raw data blocks have different PRFs, and the raw data in each block are insufficiently sampled. To resolve the two problems, a novel azimuth full-aperture pre-processing method is proposed to handle the SAR raw data formed by the BV-PRF scheme. The key point of the approach is the resampling of block data with different PRFs and the continuous splicing of azimuth data. The method mainly consists of four parts: de-skewing, resampling, azimuth continuous combination, and Doppler history recovery. After de-skewing, the raw data with different PRFs can be resampled individually to obtain a uniform azimuth sampling interval, and an appropriate azimuth time shift is introduced to ensure the continuous combination of the azimuth signal. Consequently, the resulting raw data are sufficiently and uniformly sampled in azimuth, which could be well handled by classical SAR-focusing algorithms. Simulation results on point targets validate the proposed azimuth pre-processing approach. Furthermore, compared with methods to process SAR data with continuous PRF, the proposed method is more effective.

Investigation of transient eye closure evoked with bright light in the patients with intermittent exotropia.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to present a simple method for evaluating transient eye closure (TEC) evoked by bright light and find the agreement between TEC and photosensitivity. We also assessed the associated factors with TEC in the patients with intermittent exotropia (IXT). METHODS: In this retrospective study, IXT patients were exposed to different brightness: darkness, low-intensity white light, and high-intensity white light using a near-infrared camera vision monitor system (Mon CV3, Metrovision, France). TEC was considered to be present if the subject closed his or her eyes immediately, and for more than half of the scotopic lid fissure distance in response to the high-intensity or low-intensity photopic stimulus of light, compared with lid fissure distance in the scotopic phase. We assessed the presence of photosensitivity using a questionnaire and evaluated the agreement between TEC and photosensitivity. We also investigated the sensory fusion, motor fusion, and pupil dynamic components for the existence of TEC in IXT patients. RESULTS: Sixty-one patients with IXT were included. With the new method to evaluate TEC under different light intensities, 27 (44.3%) of the 61 IXT patients showed TEC, and 34 (55.7%) did not demonstrate TEC. TEC under high-intensity white light had a strong correlation with self-reporting photosensitivity (r = 0.77). The smaller angle of deviation at near was associated with the presence of TEC, with statistical significance (p = 0.04). Normal sensory status at a distance was significantly associated with TEC (p <  0.01). Multivariate analysis using multiple logistic regression analysis showed that normal sensory status was significantly associated with TEC (p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: The test using a near-infrared camera vision monitor system was a simple and objective tool in identifying TEC evoked by bright light. The presence of TEC strongly correlated with self-reporting photosensitivity in patients with IXT. However, TEC may be an independent phenomenon with motor alignment, stereopsis, and pupil reflex pathway in patients with IXT.

Fixation stability after surgical treatment of strabismus and biofeedback fixation training in amblyopic eyes.

BACKGROUND: Visual fixation may be affected in amblyopic patients and, moreover, its stability may be associated with the effects of amblyopic treatments on visual performance in patients with strabismus. Therefore, fixation stability is a relevant biomarker that might predict the recurrence of amblyopia after a therapeutic intervention. Microperimetric biofeedback fixation training (BFT) can stabilize visual fixation in adult patients with central vision loss. It was the purpose of the present study to evaluate the effects of BFT on fixation stability in adult amblyopic patients after surgical intervention to treat strabismus. METHODS: Participants were 12 patients with strabismus (mean age = 29.6 ± 8.5 years; 6 females) and 12 healthy volunteers (mean age = 23.8 ± 1.5 years; 9 females). The protocol included ophthalmological and microperimetric follow-ups to measure fixation stability and macular sensitivity. BFT was applied monocularly to four amblyopic eyes either on the spontaneous preferential retinal locus or to a fixation area closer to the anatomical fovea after surgical treatment of strabismus. RESULTS: Baseline measurements showed significantly altered microperimetric average threshold in amblyopic eyes compared to fellow eyes (p = 0.024) and compared to control eyes (p < 0.001). Fixation was unstable in amblyopic eyes compared to control eyes (p < 0.001). Fixation stability did not significantly change after surgical alignment of strabismus (p = 0.805). BFT applied to operated eyes resulted in a more stable fixation with improvements of about 50% after three months of training. CONCLUSIONS: Fixation stability improvements following BFT highlight its potential use in adult amblyopic eyes after the surgical alignment of the strabismus. Future investigations may also consider applying this method in combination with standard treatments to improve vision in amblyopic patients.

Treatment of acute acquired concomitant esotropia.

BACKGROUND: The treatment efficacy of botulinum toxin bilateral medial rectus injections for acute acquired concomitant esotropia (AACE) in adult is not clear. We characterize the effects of botulinum toxin injection in the treatment of AACE, especially in patients over 14 years old, and compared it with surgical treatment. METHODS: In this prospective, nonrandomized, controlled clinical study, patients with AACE in our hospital from March 2017 to March 2020 elected to receive bilateral medial rectus injections of botulinum toxin or to undergo extraocular muscle surgery. Ocular position and stereopsis were evaluated before and after treatment. RESULTS: A total of 60 patients were treated: 40 patients in the botulinum toxin group, and 20 patients in the surgery group. The botulinum toxin group included 31 cases ≥ 14 years of age and 9 cases < 14 years of age. After 1-3 botulinum injections, the cumulative initial success rate was 95% (38/40), and the recurrence rate was 22.5% (9/40). Nine children < 14 years of age were treated successfully, without recurrence. In the surgery group, the initial success rate after surgery was 75% (17/20), and the recurrence rate was 20% (4/20). There was no significant difference between groups in the rate of success rate or the rate of recurrence (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The injection of botulinum toxin has a good effect on AACE in adults and children. The outcomes achieved with injected botulinum toxin are similar to those achieved with surgery. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ChiCTR, ChiCTR2000032544 . Registered May 2, 2020, Retrospectively registered.

Consideration of eyeball length and prismatic side-effects of spectacle lenses in strabismus surgery-a randomised, double-blind interventional study.

PURPOSE: Potential sources of error in dosage planning in strabismus surgery are (a) prismatic side-effects of spectacle lenses when measuring the preoperative angle with the alternating prism cover test and (b) a potential influence of eye ball axial length on dose response. As both errors take effect in opposite directions, many strabismus surgeons set aside their consideration. This study investigates whether considering both factors for dosage planning yields better operative results. METHODS: In this prospective, randomised, double-blind, interventional pilot study, we included patients scheduled for purely horizontal strabismus surgery and determined each patient's surgical dose (total amount of recession/plication) either with (study group) or without (control) consideration of the two factors. The deviation of the resulting angle from the target angle 3 months postoperatively was the primary endpoint. RESULTS: One hundred one patients were included, 51 of which in the intervention group and 50 in the control group. The primary endpoint showed a median deviation from the target of 3.0° in the intervention group and 4.8° in the control group. We observed a group difference of 1.8° in favour of the intervention group (p = 0.053). Subgroup analysis showed a difference between groups of 2.2° for esotropic patients and of 5.1° for patients with hyperopia > + 2 D. CONCLUSION: Taking prismatic side-effects of spectacle lenses and eye ball length into account when calculating strabismus surgery doses showed a trend towards more accurate results. Esotropic patients and patients with hyperopia > + 2 D seemed to benefit most. TRIAL REGISTRATION: International Clinical Trials Registry Platform: DRKS00011121.

FDD Channel Estimation via Covariance Estimation in Wideband Massive MIMO Systems.

A method for channel estimation in wideband massive MIMO systems using hybrid digital analog architectures is developed. The proposed method is useful for FDD at either sub-6 GHz or mmWave frequency bands and takes into account the beam squint effect caused by the large bandwidth of the signals. To circumvent the estimation of large channel vectors, the posed algorithm relies on the slow time variation of the channel spatial covariance matrix, thus allowing for the utilization of very short training sequences. This is possibledue to the exploitation of the channel structure. After identifying the channel covariance matrix, the channel is estimated on the basis of the recovered information. To that end, we propose a novel method that relies on estimating the tap delays and the gains as sociated with each path. As a consequence, the proposed channel estimator achieves low computational complexity and significantly reduces the training overhead. Moreover, our numerical simulations show better performance results compared to the minimum mean-squared error solution.

Fifteen-minute consultation: Managing a child with a new-onset squint.

OBJECTIVE: To provide a systematic approach to the child with a new squint. METHOD: Review of the current available literature. CONCLUSION: Squint is a common presentation in the paediatric population. Although the parents' primary concern may be cosmetic, a new squint in childhood may be the first sign of a serious or life-threatening ocular or neurological pathology. Thorough assessment and timely referral are essential.

The oculocardiac reflex and depth of anesthesia measured by brain wave.

BACKGROUND: The oculocardiac reflex (OCR), bradycardia that occurs during strabismus surgery is a type of trigemino-cardiac reflex (TCR) is blocked by anticholinergics and enhanced by opioids and dexmedetomidine. Two recent studies suggest that deeper inhalational anesthesia monitored by BIS protects against OCR; we wondered if our data correlated similarly. METHODS: In an ongoing, prospective study of OCR/TCR elicited by 10-s, 200 g square-wave traction on extraocular muscles (EOM) from 2009 to 2013, anesthetic depth was estimated in cohorts using either BIS or Narcotrend monitors. The depth of anesthesia was deliberately varied between first and second EOM tested. RESULTS: From 1992 through 2013, 2833 cases of OCR during strabismus surgery were monitored. Excluding re-operations and cases with anticholinergic, OCR from first EOM traction averaged - 20.2 ± 21.8% (S.D.) with a range from - 95 to + 25% in patients aged 0.2 to 90 (median 6.5) years. We did not find correlation between %OCR and brain wave for 97 patients with BIS monitoring and 91 with Narcotrend. With intra-patient controls between first and second muscle, the difference in brain wave did not correlate with difference in %OCR for BIS (r = 0.0002, 95% C. I -0.0002, 0.002, p = 0.30) or for Narcotrend (r = - 0.001, 95% C. I -0.004, 0.001, p = 0.32). Secondary multi-variable analysis demonstrated significant association on %OCR particularly with BIS monitor, opioid, propofol and nitrous oxide concentration in the second EOM tensioned. Sevoflurane concentration correlated better with BIS monitor in second and third EOM tension. %OCR correlated with younger age (p < 0.01). OCR with rapid onset was more profound than those with gradual onset (difference in means 18, 95% C. I 10, 26%). CONCLUSIONS: We were unable to confirm a direct correlation between brain wave monitor and OCR when using multifactorial anesthetic agents. The discrepency with other studies probably reflects direct impact of inhalational agent concentration and less deliberate quantification of EOM tension. We found no level of BIS or Entropy EEG monitoring that uniformly prevents OCR. TRIAL REGISTRY: NCT03663413. DATA: http://www.abcd-vision.org/OCR/OCR%20Brainwave%20de-identified.pdf .

Extended Multiple Aperture Mapdrift-Based Doppler Parameter Estimation and Compensation for Very-High-Squint Airborne SAR Imaging.

Doppler parameter estimation and compensation (DPEC) is an important technique for airborne SAR imaging due to the unpredictable disturbance of real aircraft trajectory. Traditional DPEC methods can be only applied for broadside, small- or medium-squint geometries, as they at most consider the spatial variance of the second-order Doppler phase. To implement the DPEC in very-high-squint geometries, we propose an extended multiple aperture mapdrift (EMAM) method in this paper for better accuracy. This advantage is achieved by further estimating and compensating the spatial variation of the third-order Doppler phase, i.e., the derivative of the Doppler rate. The main procedures of the EMAM, including the steps of sub-view image generation, sliding-window-based cross-correlation, and image-offset-based Doppler parameter estimation, are derived in detail, followed by the analyses for the EMAM performance. The presented approach is evaluated by both computer simulations and real airborne data.

A Novel Sidelobe Reduction Algorithm Based on Two-Dimensional Sidelobe Correction Using D-SVA for Squint SAR Images.

Sidelobe reduction is a very primary task for synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. Various methods have been proposed for broadside SAR, which can suppress the sidelobes effectively while maintaining high image resolution at the same time. Alternatively, squint SAR, especially highly squint SAR, has emerged as an important tool that provides more mobility and flexibility and has become a focus of recent research studies. One of the research challenges for squint SAR is how to resolve the severe range-azimuth coupling of echo signals. Unlike broadside SAR images, the range and azimuth sidelobes of the squint SAR images no longer locate on the principal axes with high probability. Thus the spatially variant apodization (SVA) filters could hardly get all the sidelobe information, and hence the sidelobe reduction process is not optimal. In this paper, we present an improved algorithm called double spatially variant apodization (D-SVA) for better sidelobe suppression. Satisfactory sidelobe reduction results are achieved with the proposed algorithm by comparing the squint SAR images to the broadside SAR images. Simulation results also demonstrate the reliability and efficiency of the proposed method.

High-Temporal-Resolution High-Spatial-Resolution Spaceborne SAR Based on Continuously Varying PRF.

Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is a well-established and powerful imaging technique for acquiring high-spatial-resolution images of the Earth's surface. With the development of beam steering techniques, sliding spotlight and staring spotlight modes have been employed to support high-spatial-resolution applications. In addition to this strengthened high-spatial-resolution and wide-swath capability, high-temporal-resolution (short repeat-observation interval) represents a key capability for numerous applications. However, conventional SAR systems are limited in that the same patch can only be illuminated for several seconds within a single pass. This paper considers a novel high-squint-angle system intended to acquire high-spatial-resolution spaceborne SAR images with repeat-observation intervals varying from tens of seconds to several minutes within a single pass. However, an exponentially increased range cell migration would arise and lead to a conflict between the receive window and 'blind ranges'. An efficient data acquisition technique for high-temporal-resolution, high-spatial-resolution and high-squint-angle spaceborne SAR, in which the pulse repetition frequency (PRF) is continuously varied according to the changing slant range, is presented in this paper. This technique allows echo data to remain in the receive window instead of conflicting with the transmitted pulse or nadir echo. Considering the precision of hardware, a compromise and practical strategy is also proposed. Furthermore, a detailed performance analysis of range ambiguities is provided with respect to parameters of TerraSAR-X. For strong point-like targets, the range ambiguity of this technique would be better than that of uniform PRF technique. For this innovative technique, a resampling strategy and modified imaging algorithm have been developed to handle the non-uniformly sampled echo data. Simulations are performed to validate the efficiency of the proposed technique and the associated imaging algorithm.

Outcomes of adjustable strabismus surgery in an Irish University Hospital.

PURPOSE: Strabismus surgery aims to improve binocular vision, reduce diplopia, and enhance cosmesis. Adjustable strabismus procedures have been developed as a means of tackling unpredictability in some post-operative results. The purpose of the study was to compare the effectiveness of adjustable and non-adjustable squint procedures in the treatment of strabismus. METHODS: We analyzed adjustable or non-adjustable squint surgery undergone in our Irish locality by retrospectively studying 27 consecutive patients at Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin. RESULTS: There was no significant difference (p = 0.519) in the mean post-operative horizontal deviation between the adjustable group (mean = 11.6 PD) and the non-adjustable group (mean = 15.3 PD). We found that adjustable procedures resulted in a trend (p = 0.050) towards a greater mean horizontal effect per muscle (18.9 PD per muscle) than non-adjustable procedures (mean 9.7 PD). We went on to analyze the adjustable group in order to determine the impact on outcome in those patients in whom their adjustable sutures were manipulated postoperatively. Of the 11 patients who underwent adjustable procedures, 6 subsequently had adjustments made as planned and 5 did not require adjustment. Those patients who had their sutures adjusted demonstrated a smaller mean post-operative deviation (8.5 PD) than those patients in whom their suture was not adjusted (mean = 16.3 PD). CONCLUSION: Our study displays a trend that adjustable procedures are more effective in terms of the mean horizontal effect per muscle operated, and is a novel way of reporting effectiveness of strabismus procedures.

Modified Krimsky test for irregular scarred corneas.

The measurement of the amount and nature of deviation is the essence of diagnostic workup of a patient with strabismus and also has important therapeutic implications while planning the amount of surgery or prescribing therapeutic prisms. Although Krimsky test is a useful method, it cannot be used to measure deviation in patients with scarred and irregular cornea with an anechoic posterior segment making it difficult to see the corneal reflex. We hereby take the opportunity to present a modification of the original Krimsky test which is extremely helpful in determining the deviation in patients with irregular opaque corneas.

[Three-month rehabilitation of a patient with the III, IV and VI cranial nerve damage caused by a neurosurgery of the left internal carotid artery aneurysm].

OBJECTIVE: Introduction: Oculomotor nerve palsy is an eye condition resulting from damage to the third cranial nerve or a branch thereof. Third nerve damage weakens the muscles innervated by the nerve . Also adversely affect the fourth and sixth nerve , causing impairment of their activity. Rehabilitation third nerve palsy is rarely described in the available literature . The whole process is very difficult , but the effects of physiotherapy is very beneficial for the patient. The aim:The assessment of the influence of the outpatient rehabilitation on the patient's condition after a three-month treatment and the use of physical therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Material and methods:Case studies of the 38-yerar-old patient after having operated a big aneurism of the left ICA, which was clipped. After the procedure, the III, IV and VI cranial nerves were deeply impaired and the amnesic aphasia occurred. The patient started the rehabilitation a month after the incident. To assess the process of rehabilitation, the own movement examination of the eyeball was implemented. Active and passive exercises, Tigger Point therapy, kinesiotaping, laser and electrostimulation were inserted. RESULTS: Results: The significant improvement of the eyeball movement has been proved on the basis of the same own examination. A physiotherapy has had a positive influence on the speech disorder, namely amnesic aphasia, and after the month of the rehabilitation it has been completely removed. The positive influence of the rehabilitation, which has been pointed out, is clinically essential. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: Obtained results have not been described in literature yet, that is why it is essential to widen further research and emphasise the importance of the rehabilitation, which is rarely implemented in an intense way in such medical conditions.

GMTI for Squint Looking XTI-SAR with Rotatable Forward-Looking Array.

To realize ground moving target indication (GMTI) for a forward-looking array, we propose a novel synthetic aperture radar (SAR) system, called rotatable cross-track interferometry SAR (Ro-XTI-SAR), for squint-looking application in this paper. By changing the angle of the cross-track baseline, the interferometry phase component of squint-looking Ro-XTI-SAR caused by the terrain height can be approximately adjusted to zero, and then the interferometry phase of Ro-XTI-SAR is only sensitive to targets' motion and can be equivalent to the along track interferometry SAR (ATI-SAR). Furthermore, the conventional displaced phase center array (DPCA) method and constant false alarm (CFAR) processing can be used to accomplish the successive clutter suppression, moving targets detection and relocation. Furthermore, the clutter suppressing performance is discussed with respect to different system parameters. Finally, some results of numerical experiments are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system.