Trends, predictors, and outcomes of transcatheter aortic valve implantation in patients with bicuspid aortic valve related disease: Insights from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample and Nationwide Readmission Database.

BACKGROUND: Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has increasingly been utilized in patients with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) related aortic stenosis (AS) with insufficient large-scale data on its safety. METHODS: The Nationwide Inpatient Sample and Nationwide Readmission Database (2011-2018) were queried to identify patients undergoing TAVI for BAV versus trileaflet aortic valve (TAV) associated AS. The in-hospital, 30- and 180-day odds of outcomes were assessed using a propensity-matched analysis (PSM) to calculate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with its 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS: A total of 216,723 TAVI (TAV: 214,050 and BAV: 2,673) crude and 5,347 matched population (TAV: 2,674 and BAV: 2,673) was included in the final analysis. At index admission, the adjusted odds of in-hospital mortality (aOR: 1.57, 95% CI: 0.67-3.66), stroke (aOR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.38-1.57), cardiac tamponade (aOR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.17-3.36), vascular complications (aOR: 0.33, 95% CI: 0.09-1.22), cardiogenic shock (aOR: 1.77, 95% CI: 0.93-3.38), paravalvular leak (aOR: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.26-1.14), need for mechanical circulatory support device, and permanent pacemaker implantation (PPM) (aOR: 1.02, 95% CI: 0.69-1.52) were not significantly different between TAVI for BAV versus TAV. At 30- and 180-day follow-up duration, the risk of stroke and major postprocedural complications remained similar, except that TAVI in BAV had a higher incidence of PPM implantation compared with TAV. The yearly trend showed an increase in the utilization of TAVI for both TAV and BAV and a steady decline in the overall annual rate of in-hospital complications. CONCLUSION: TAVI utilization in patients with BAV has increased over the recent years. The relative odds of in-hospital mortality, and all other major complications, were similar between patients undergoing TAVI for BAV- and TAV-related AS.

[Early experiences with the Sorin Perceval S arteficial biological valve]. / Kezdeti tapasztalatok a Sorin Perceval S aorta biológiai billentyu beültetésével.

OBJECTIVES: We examined the Sorin Perceval S artificial biological valve implantation techniques, and present the initial experiences in our unit. METHODS: In the last 1.5 years, 27 patients had been implanted with Sorin Perceval S biological arteficial valve due to aortic valve disease. The device was mainly used in high-risk patients, in reoperative circumstances, in cases of calcified aortic root, and in elderly patients. RESULTS: The valve implantation time, aortic cross clamp time is shorter, but the risk of the operation cannot be eliminated entirely, because of the high risk patients' severe comorbidities. Furthermore, we performed echocardiography in the postoperative period, which demonstrated that the valve function is excellent, the valve fitted tightly in the anulus, and there was no paravalvular leakage. CONCLUSIONS: The Sorin Perceval S biological arteficial aortic valve is safe to use in high risk patients, and the surgical procedure is easier in case of partial sternotomy, too.

Quality of life in patients with transcatheter aortic valve implantation: an analysis from the INTERVENT project.

Background: Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is a standard treatment for patients with aortic valve stenosis due to its very low mortality and complication rates. However, survival and physical integrity are not the only important factors. Quality of life (QoL) improvement is a crucial part in the evaluation of therapy success. Methods: Patients with TAVI were questioned about their QoL before, one month and one year after the intervention as part of the INTERVENT registry trial at Mainz University Medical Center. Three different questionnaires were included in the data collection (Katz ADL, EQ-5D-5l, PHQ-D). Results: We included 285 TAVI patients in the analysis (mean age 79.8 years, 59.4% male, mean EuroSCORE II 3.8%). 30-day mortality was 3.6%, complications of any kind occurred in 18.9% of the patients. Main finding was a significant increase in the general state of health measured on the visual analog scale by an average of 4.53 (± 23.58) points (BL to 1-month follow-up, p = 0.009) and by 5.19 (± 23.64) points (BL to 12-month follow-up, p = 0.016). There was also an improvement of depression symptoms, which was reflected in a decrease in the total value of the PHQ-D by 1.67 (± 4.75) points (BL to 12-month follow-up, p = 0.001). The evaluation of the EQ-5D-5l showed a significant improvement in mobility after one month (M = -0.41 (± 1.31), p < 0.001. Regarding the independence of the patients, no significant difference could be found. Apart from that, patients with risk factors, comorbidities or complications also benefited from the intervention despite their poor starting position. Conclusion: We could show an early benefit of QoL in TAVI patients with significant improvement in the subjective state of health and a decrease in symptoms of depression. These findings were consistent over 1 year of follow up.

Microcirculatory tissue oxygenation correlates with kidney function after transcatheter aortic valve implantation-Results from a prospective observational study.

Introduction: Kidney dysfunction is common in patients with aortic stenosis (AS) and correction of the aortic valve by transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) often affects kidney function. This may be due to microcirculatory changes. Methods: We evaluated skin microcirculation with a hyperspectral imaging (HSI) system, and compared tissue oxygenation (StO2), near-infrared perfusion index (NIR), tissue hemoglobin index (THI) and tissue water index (TWI) in 40 patients undergoing TAVI versus 20 control patients. HSI parameters were measured before TAVI (t1), directly after TAVI (t2), and on postinterventional day 3 (t3). The primary outcome was the correlation of tissue oxygenation (StO2) to the creatinine level after TAVI. Results: We performed 116 HSI image recordings in patients undergoing TAVI for the treatment of severe aortic stenosis and 20 HSI image recordings in control patients. Patients with AS had a lower THI at the palm (p = 0.034) and a higher TWI at the fingertips (p = 0.003) in comparison to control patients. TAVI led to an increase of TWI, but had no uniform enduring effect on StO2 and THI. Tissue oxygenation StO2 at both measurement sites correlated negatively with creatinine levels after TAVI at t2 (palm: ρ = -0.415; p = 0.009; fingertip: ρ = -0.519; p < 0.001) and t3 (palm: ρ = -0.427; p = 0.008; fingertip: ρ = -0.398; p = 0.013). Patients with higher THI at t3 reported higher physical capacity and general health scores 120 days after TAVI. Conclusion: HSI is a promising technique for periinterventional monitoring of tissue oxygenation and microcirculatory perfusion quality, which are related to kidney function, physical capacity, and clinical outcomes after TAVI. Clinical trial registration: https://drks.de/search/de/trial, identifier DRKS00024765.

Improved mid-term stability of MR reduction with an increased number of clips after percutaneous mitral valve repair in functional MR.

Background: Percutaneous mitral valve repair (PMVR) has evolved to be a standard procedure in suitable patients with mitral regurgitation (MR) not accessible for open surgery. Here, we analyzed the influence of the number and positioning of the clips implanted during the procedure on MR reduction analyzing also sub-collectives of functional and degenerative MR (DMR). Results: We included 410 patients with severe MR undergoing PMVR using the MitraClip® System. MR and reduction of MR were analyzed by TEE at the beginning and at the end of the PMVR procedure. To specify the clip localization, we sub-divided segment 2 into 3 sub-segments using the segmental classification of the mitral valve. Results: We found an enhanced reduction of MR predominantly in DMR patients who received more than one clip. Implantation of only one clip led to a higher MR reduction in patients with functional MR (FMR) in comparison to patients with DMR. No significant differences concerning pressure gradients could be observed in degenerative MR patients regardless of the number of clips implanted. A deterioration of half a grade of the achieved MR reduction was observed 6 months post-PMVR independent of the number of implanted clips with a better stability in FMR patients, who got 3 clips compared to patients with only one clip. Conclusions: In patients with FMR, after 6 months the reduction of MR was more stable with an increased number of implanted clips, which suggests that this specific patient collective may benefit from a higher number of clips.

Polymer Emboli Complicating Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: A Case Report.

Hydrophilic polymers are frequently used as surface coatings in modern intravascular technologies. We hereby present a case of a patient who underwent transcatheter aortic valve implantation that was complicated with foot gangrene and mesenteric ischemia, necessitating emergency enterectomy. Histologic examination revealed hydrophilic polymer emboli as the culprit of these complications. (Level of Difficulty: Intermediate.).

Chest Pain Post-Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: Don't Forget the Uncommon Complication.

Transesophageal echocardiography guides a range of structural heart disease interventions, especially in older adult and frail patients who are deemed not suitable to undergo surgical repair. Although rare, transesophageal echocardiography can be associated with esophageal trauma, including perforation. Treating physicians should be cognizant of such a complication. (Level of Difficulty: Intermediate.).

Strut Inversion During Valve-in-Valve Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: An Unknown Complication?

A 74-year-old man presented with failure of a bioprosthetic aortic valve implanted 7 years earlier, with a mean gradient of 44 mm Hg across the aortic valve. During valve-in-valve transcatheter aortic valve replacement, we came across an unusual complication of strut inversion at the lower end of the valve. (Level of Difficulty: Advanced.).

6-Month Evaluation of a Transcatheter Aortic Valve (Myval) in a Novel Ovine, Supra-Aortic Banding Model.

The aim of the study was to evaluate a balloon expandable transcatheter heart valve (THV) system (Myval) at 6-month follow-up in ovine banding model. Eleven THV systems were implanted via carotid approach. There were 2 procedure-related deaths and 2 premature deaths. At 6 months all valves that completed follow-up (n = 7) were functional, with no significant regurgitation, calcification, thrombi, or vegetation. Mean pressure gradient was 21.9 ± 11 mm Hg, maximum velocity = 3.3 ± 1 m/s, and ejection fraction was 53.3 ± 6%. Myval THV showed optimal hemodynamic performance and biocompatibility.

Prognosis of patients with active cancer undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation: An insight from Japanese multicenter registry.

Background: Malignancy is common in older adults undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI), and may affect prognosis. The present study aimed to examine whether active cancer affects all-cause mortality rates among patients undergoing TAVI. Methods: This retrospective study examined data from 1,114 consecutive patients treated between April 2010 and June 2019. Patients with life expectancy of <1 year due to non-cardiac causes were excluded. Results: Active cancer was defined as cancer under treatment or cured within 1 year, and was recognized in 62 patients (5.6%) with (n = 17) and without (n = 45) metastases. In multivariate analysis, being female (hazard ratio [HR] 0.55, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.39-0.77, p < 0.001), body mass index (BMI) (HR = 0.92 per 1 kg/m2 increase, 95% CI 0.87-0.97, p = 0.001), New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III/IV (HR = 1.53, 95% CI 1.06-2.20, p = 0.022), atrial fibrillation (HR = 2.40, 95% CI 1.70-3.38, p < 0.001), albumin levels (HR = 0.41 per 1-g/dl, 95% CI 0.30-0.57, p < 0.001), and cancer metastasis (HR = 5.28, 95% CI 1.86-14.9, p = 0.001) were associated with all-cause mortality after TAVI. Conclusion: In patients undergoing TAVI, being female, high BMI, NYHA class III/IV, atrial fibrillation, albumin levels, and cancer metastasis were factors associated with mortality. Meanwhile, active cancer without metastasis was not associated with increased mortality rates. These findings would help clinical decision-making by patients and physicians.Clinical trial registration: UMIN000031133.

Intentional Misalignment of a Transcatheter Aortic Valve to Preserve Reaccess to Coronaries of Anomalous Origin.

Achieving patient-specific commissural alignment of transcatheter aortic valves is particularly important to ensure coronary reaccess after transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Nevertheless, in case of uncommon origin of coronary arteries, commissural alignment could be counterproductive. This case shows how alignment techniques could serve to intentionally misalign the neocommissures in this subset of patients. (Level of Difficulty: Intermediate.).

Subclinical leaflet thrombosis after transcatheter aortic valve implantation is associated with silent brain injury on brain magnetic resonance imaging.

AIMS: Whether hypoattenuated leaflet thickening (HALT) following transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) carries a risk of subclinical brain injury (SBI) is unknown. We investigated whether HALT is associated with SBI detected on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and whether post-TAVI SBI impacts the patients' cognition and outcome. METHODS AND RESULTS: We prospectively enrolled 153 patients (age: 78.1 ± 6.3 years; female 44%) who underwent TAVI. Brain MRI was performed shortly post-TAVI and 6 months later to assess the occurrence of acute silent cerebral ischaemic lesions (SCIL) and chronic white matter hyperintensities (WMH). HALT was screened by cardiac computed tomography (CT) angiography (CTA) 6 months post-TAVI. Neurocognitive evaluation was performed before, shortly after and 6 months following TAVI. At 6 months, 115 patients had diagnostic CTA and 10 had HALT. HALT status, baseline, and follow-up MRIs were available in 91 cases. At 6 months, new SCIL was evident in 16%, new WMH in 66%. New WMH was more frequent (100 vs. 62%; P = 0.047) with higher median volume (319 vs. 50 mm3; P = 0.039) among HALT-patients. In uni- and multivariate analysis, HALT was associated with new WMH volume (beta: 0.72; 95%CI: 0.2-1.39; P = 0.009). The patients' cognitive trajectory from pre-TAVI to 6 months showed significant association with the 6-month SCIL volume (beta: -4.69; 95%CI: -9.13 to 0.27; P = 0.038), but was not related to the presence or volume of new WMH. During a 3.1-year follow-up, neither HALT [hazard ratio (HR): 0.86; 95%CI: 0.202-3.687; P = 0.84], nor the related WMH burden (HR: 1.09; 95%CI: 0.701-1.680; P = 0.71) was related with increased mortality. CONCLUSIONS: At 6 months post-TAVI, HALT was linked with greater WMH burden, but did not carry an increased risk of cognitive decline or mortality over a 3.1-year follow-up (NCT02826200).

Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation: A Scientific Statement of JACC: Asia (Part 1).

Atrial fibrillation is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia and is associated with substantial increases in the risk of stroke and systemic thromboembolism. With the successful introduction of the first non-vitamin K antagonist direct oral anticoagulant (NOAC) in 2009, the role of vitamin K antagonists has been replaced in most clinical settings except in a few conditions when NOACs are contraindicated. Data for the use of NOACs in different clinical scenarios have been accumulating in the recent decade, and a more sophisticated strategy for atrial fibrillation patients is now warranted. JACC: Asia recently appointed a working group to summarize the most updated information regarding stroke prevention in AF. This statement aimed to provide possible treatment option in daily practice. Local availability, cost, and patient comorbidities should also be considered. Final decisions may still need to be individualized and based on clinicians' discretion. This is the part 1 of the whole statement.

Impact of new-onset versus pre-existing atrial fibrillation on outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve replacement/implantation.

Patients with aortic stenosis who undergo transcatheter aortic valve replacement/transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVR/TAVI) experience a high incidence of pre-existing atrial fibrillation (pre-AF) and new-onset atrial fibrillation (NOAF) post-operatively. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to update current evidence concerning the incidence of 30-day mortality, stroke, acute kidney injury (AKI), length of stay (LOS), and early/late bleeding in patients with NOAF or pre-AF who undergo TAVR/TAVI. PubMed, Google Scholar, JSTOR, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched for studies published between January 2012 and December 2020 reporting the association between NOAF/pre-AF and clinical complications after TAVR/TAVI. A total of 15 studies including 158,220 adult patients with TAVI/TAVR and NOAF or pre-AF were identified. Compared to patients in sinus rhythm, patients who developed NOAF had a higher risk of 30-day mortality, AKI, early bleeding events, extended LOS, and stroke after TAVR/TAVI (odds ratio [OR]: 3.18 [95% confidence interval [CI] 1.58, 6.40]) (OR: 3.83 [95% CI 1.18, 12.42]) (OR: 1.70 [95% CI 1.05, 2.74]) (OR: 13.96 [95% CI, 6.41, 30.40]) (OR: 2.51 [95% CI 1.59, 3.97], respectively). Compared to patients in sinus rhythm, patients with pre-AF had a higher risk of AKI and early bleeding episodes after TAVR/TAVI (OR: 2.43 [95% CI 1.10, 5.35]) (OR: 17.41 [95% CI 6.49, 46.68], respectively). Atrial fibrillation is associated with a higher risk of all primary and secondary outcomes. Specifically, NOAF but not pre-AF is associated with a higher risk of 30-day mortality, stroke, and extended LOS after TAVR/TAVI.

Serial changes of coronary flow reserve over one year after transcatheter aortic valve implantation in patients with severe aortic stenosis.

Background: Impaired coronary flow reserve (CFR) portends a poor prognosis in patients with aortic stenosis. The present study aims to investigate how CFR changes over one year after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) in patients with severe aortic stenosis, and to explore factors related to the changes. Methods: Consecutive patients undergoing TAVI were registered. CFR in the left anterior descending artery was measured by transthoracic echocardiography on three occasions pre-TAVI, one-day post-TAVI, and one-year post-TAVI. Results: A total of 59 patients were enrolled, 46 of whom completed one-year follow-up. CFR was impaired in 35 (59.3%) patients pre-TAVI, but the impairment was only seen in 2 patients (4%) one-year post-TAVI. CFR value improved from 1.75 (1.50-2.10) cm/s pre-TAVI, to 2.00 (1.70-2.30) one-day post-TAVI, and further to 2.60 (2.30-3.10) one-year post-TAVI (P < 0.001). The median difference in CFR between pre-TAVI and one-year post-TAVI was 0.90 (0.53-1.20). Patients with significant improvement of CFR (more than the median value of 0.9) had larger aortic valve area (1.55 [1.38-1.92] vs. 1.36 cm2 [1.26-1.69], P = 0.042) and greater improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction (3.10 [-1.67-4.24] vs. -1.46 [-3.42-1.48] percentage points, P = 0.019) than those without. Conclusions: CFR is impaired in a considerable proportion of patients with severe aortic stenosis, but improvement is seen immediately after TAVI, and one year later. Patients with significant improvement of CFR had larger aortic valve area and greater increase in left ventricular ejection fraction after TAVI.

Ten-year outcomes of surgical aortic valve replacement with a contemporary supra-annular porcine valve in a Medicare population.

Objective: Bioprosthetic surgical aortic valve replacement remains an important treatment option in the era of transcatheter interventions. Real-world outcomes are not well characterized because of limited prospective follow-up studies. We present the 10-year clinical outcomes of Medicare beneficiaries undergoing surgical aortic valve replacement with a contemporary supra-annular porcine valve. Methods: This is a single-arm observational study using Medicare fee-for-service claims data. De-identified patients undergoing surgical aortic valve replacement with the Epic Supra valve (Abbott) in the United States between January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2019, were selected by International Classification of Diseases 9th and 10th Revision procedure codes and then linked to a manufacturer device tracking database. All-cause mortality, heart failure rehospitalization, and aortic valve reintervention (surgical or transcatheter valve-in-valve) were evaluated at 10 years using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: Among 272,591 Medicare beneficiaries undergoing surgical aortic valve replacement during the study period, 11,685 received the Epic Supra valve, of whom 51.6% (6029) had underlying heart failure. Mean age was 76 ± 7 years. Survival at 10 years in patients without preoperative heart failure was 43.5% (95% confidence interval, 41.8-45.2) compared with 24.1% (95% confidence interval, 22.6-25.5) for patients with heart failure (P < .001). The 10-year freedom from heart failure rehospitalization was 64.0% (95% confidence interval, 62.6-65.3). Freedom from aortic valve reintervention was 94.6% (95% confidence interval, 93.8-95.3) at 10 years. Conclusions: This real-world nationwide study of US Medicare beneficiaries receiving the Epic Supra valve demonstrates more than 94% freedom from all-cause valve reintervention and 64% freedom from heart failure rehospitalization at 10 years postimplant. Long-term survival and heart failure rehospitalization in this population with aortic valve disease undergoing surgical aortic valve replacement were found to be impacted by underlying heart failure.

Rationale and design of SAVI-AoS: A physiologic study of patients with symptomatic moderate aortic valve stenosis and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction.

Background: Moderate aortic valve stenosis occurs twice as often as severe aortic stenosis (AS) and carries a similarly poor prognosis. Current European and American guidelines offer limited insight into moderate AS (MAS) patients with unexplained symptoms. Measuring valve physiology at rest while most patients experience symptoms during exertion might represent a conceptual limitation in the current grading of AS severity. The stress aortic valve index (SAVI) may delineate hemodynamically significant AS among patients with MAS. Objectives: To investigate the diagnostic value of SAVI in symptomatic MAS patients with normal left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF ≥ 50%): aortic valve area (AVA) > 1 cm2 plus either mean valve gradient (MG) 15-39 mmHg or maximal aortic valve velocity (AOV max) 2.5-3.9 m/s. Short-term objectives include associations with symptom burden, functional capacity, and cardiac biomarkers. Long-term objectives include clinical outcomes. Methods and results: Multicenter, non-blinded, observational cohort. AS severity will be graded invasively (aortic valve pressure measurements with dobutamine stress testing for SAVI) and non-invasively (echocardiography during dobutamine and exercise stress). Computed tomography (CT) of the aortic valve will be scored for calcium, and hemodynamics simulated using computational fluid dynamics. Cardiac biomarkers and functional parameters will be serially monitored. The primary objective is to see how SAVI and conventional measures (MG, AVA and Vmax) correlate with clinical parameters (quality of life survey, 6-minute walk test [6MWT], and biomarkers). Conclusions: The SAVI-AoS study will extensively evaluate patients with unexplained, symptomatic MAS to determine any added value of SAVI versus traditional, resting valve parameters.

Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation in Severe Native Pure Aortic Regurgitation Following Endocarditis With Large Vegetation.

We present the case of a 76-year-old man with recently treated infective endocarditis and severe residual native pure aortic regurgitation that was causing recurrent pulmonary edema. In view of his prohibitive surgical risk, he underwent transcatheter aortic valve implant with an excellent clinical outcome. (Level of Difficulty: Intermediate.).

Interventional Treatment of Access Site Complications During Transfemoral TAVI: A Single Center Experience.

Introduction: Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has rapidly developed over the last decade and is nowadays the treatment of choice in the elderly patients irrespective of surgical risk. The outcome of these patients is mainly determined not only by the interventional procedure itself, but also by its complications. Material and Methods: We analyzed the outcome and procedural events of transfemoral TAVI procedures performed per year at our institution. The mean age of these patients is 79.2 years and 49% are female. All the patients underwent duplex ultrasonography of the iliac arteries and inguinal vessels before the procedure and CT of the aorta and iliac arteries. Results: Transfemoral access route is associated with a number of challenges and complications, especially in the patients suffering from peripheral artery disease (PAD). The rate of vascular complications at our center was 2.76% (19/689). Typical vascular complications (VC) include bleeding and pseudoaneurysms at the puncture site, acute or subacute occlusion of the access vessel, and dissection or perforation of the iliac vessels. In addition, there is the need for primary PTA of the access pathway in the presence of additional PAD of the common femoral artery (CFA) and iliac vessels. Balloon angioplasty, implantation of covered and uncovered stents, lithoplasty, and ultrasound-guided thrombin injection are available to treat the described issues. Conclusion: Interventional therapy of access vessels can preoperatively enable the transfemoral approach and successfully treat post-operative VC in most of the cases. Training the heart team to address these issues is a key focus, and an interventional vascular specialist should be part of this team.

One-year pacing dependency after pacemaker implantation in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: Atrioventricular conductions disturbances, requiring permanent pacemaker implantation (PPI), represent a potential complication after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI), However, little is known about the pacemaker dependency after PPI in this patient setting. This systematic review analyses the incidence of PPI, the short-term (1-year) pacing dependency, and predictors for such a state after TAVI. Methods: We performed a systematic search in PUBMED, EMBASE, and MEDLINE to identify potentially relevant literature investigating PPI requirement and dependency after TAVI. Study data, patients, and procedural characteristics were extracted. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals were extracted. Results: Data from 23 studies were obtained that included 18,610 patients. The crude incidence of PPI after TAVI was 17% (range, 8.8%-32%). PPI occurred at a median time of 3.2 days (range, 0-30 days). Pacing dependency at 1-year was 47.5% (range, 7%-89%). Self-expandable prosthesis (pooled OR was 2.14 [1.15-3.96]) and baseline right bundle branch block (pooled OR was 2.01 [1.06-3.83]) showed 2-fold greater risk to maintain PPI dependency at 1 year after TAVI. Conclusions: Although PPI represents a rather frequent event after TAVI, conduction disorders have a temporary nature in almost 50% of the cases with recovery and stabilization after discharge. Preoperative conduction abnormality and type of TAVI are associated with higher PPI dependency at short term.