RESUMO
Primiparous and multiparous lactating crossbred dairy cows (after Day 40 postpartum) with a mature corpus luteum (CL) (diameter of ≥ 17 mm determined by ultrasonography) and having a follicle with a diameter of ≥ 10 mm were treated with natural prostaglandin F2α (n = 80). Those from the cows that showed oestrus within 5 days after treatment were inseminated (Group 1: n = 39). Other group of cows showing oestrus without treatment (Group 2: n = 41) were inseminated and served as controls. The ovaries of each cow were scanned by transrectal ultrasonography from the day of detected oestrus (Day -1p.m.) until ovulation, to measure the changes in the areas of the CL and the largest follicle and to determine the occurrence of ovulation. Although no significant differences were found between the treated and untreated cows in terms of a reduction in the area of the corpora lutea and of an increase in the area of the dominant follicles, the mean area of these follicles in Group 2 was somewhat greater than in Group 1. The highest conception rate was achieved if AI was performed at the same day as ovulation occurred in both groups (conception rate in treated group was: 62.5%, in untreated group: 66.6%, respectively) between Day 0a.m. to Day 0p.m.. In Group 1, 54.5% conception rate has been achieved if ovulation occurred between Day 0p.m. to Day 1p.m., or 50% between Day 1p.m. to Day 2p.m. after AI, and 53.3% and 44.4% in Group 2, respectively. The conception rate for cows that ovulated before AI in Group 2 was 25%. No ovulation occurred in 7 cows until Day 2p.m. after AI and none of them became pregnant. The overall conception rate was approximately 50% in both groups, but when the cows had ovulated too early or too late relative to the time of AI, the conception rate was significantly lower, thus determination of the optimal time for AI is of great practical importance in dairy herds.
RESUMO
Background: Families, especially fathers, are continuously interested in selecting the child's sex in most societies. This study was conducted to Use non-invasive methods to choose gender in order that sex selection with diet and determination of ovulation time in Iran. Methods: This study was a clinical experimental trial of convenient samples conducted as a retrospective study. Overall, 285 women were referred to Dr. Farhud's Genetic Clinic in 2013 and 2014 in Tehran, Iran. For two years (from June 2013 to Jun 2015), samples were followed-up. Participants used diet, the timing of ovulation, and considering lifestyle to have the sex selection. Results: Overall, 88 women became pregnant in the first group among 179 participants in 2013, and talking to the participants showed that 82.95% achieved the wanted gender. Fifty-two women became pregnant among 106 participants in 2014 in the second group and 86.79%, achieved the wanted sex. Conclusion: Diet and ovulation timing could be very efficient, and it is recommended that families Use safe procedures such as natural, and non-invasive methods to achieve the wanted sex for gender balance.
RESUMO
Durante a estação reprodutiva (março e abril), dois experimentos foram conduzidos com 116 ovelhas da raça Comedale, objetivando verificar o momento de ovulação nesta raça após estro natural ou induzido com ou sem o "efeito macho". As ovelhas foram submetidas a laparoscopia em intervalos de quatro horas entre 20 e 40 horas depois da identificação do início do cio natural e entre 48 e 120 horas em cada uma de duas repetições após a remoção dos pessários impregnados com 50mg de medroxiprogesterona e injeção de 500UI de eCG (gonadotrofina sérica equina)ou até a ovulação ser observada. Após o cio natural, 96 por cento de 56 ovelhas ovularam sendo a maioria (85 por cento) entre 24 e 32 horas do início do cio. No grupo de 60 ovelhas submetido a indução de cio foi constatado que na média as ovulações ocorreram as 65,1±2,2 horas e 73,8±3,2 horas após a remoção dos pessários, respectivamente, para os grupos submetidos ou não ao efeito macho (P < 0,05). As ovulações não foram afetadas pela idade das ovelhas e repetição dos tratamentos hormonais. O momento de ovulação após o cio natural apresenta pouca variação, já após cio induzido constatou-se antecipação nas ovulações com o efeito macho sem alteração na amplitude de variação, fato este, que pode ser responsável pela variabilidade nas taxas de concepção após inseminação com sêmen congelado.
The aim of the present study was to verify the time of ovulation after natural or induced estrus in the Comedale ewe. The ram effect was also evaluated in the presence of induced estrus. Both treatments were examined by laparoscopy every four hours, from 20h to 40h after beginning the natural estrus, and from 48h to 120h after withdrawing the sponges or until ovulation was observed. After natural estrus, 96 percent from 56 ewes had ovulated, and most of the ovulations (85 percent) had occurred from 24 to 32h after the onset of heat. The mean time of ovulation in 60 ewes treated with progestagen pessaries (50mg, MAP, 12 days) and eCG injection (500IU at sponge withdrawai) was 65.1 ± 2.2h and 73.8 ± 3.2h respectively for groups with and without the presence of rams. This trait was affected by the ram effect (P < 0.05); however, it was neither influenced by the age of the ewes nor the repeated hormonal treatments. The time of ovulation after natural estrus, due to its small variation, is not likely to affect the results of artificial insemination with frozen semen. On the contrary, the time of ovulation, but not the range of ovulation distribution, was significantly increased in ewes with induced estrus when in the presence of rams. These results probably play a role in the success rate of the artificial insemination with frozen semen.