Comparison of Aedes aegypti arbovirus transmission thresholds in two communities with differing water supply infrastructure.

BACKGROUND: To assess whether the 'economic boom' in the tropical seaport city of Barranquilla improved tapped water supplies to socio-economically poor neighbourhoods resulting in: (1) their reduced use for domestic water-storage in large (> 1,000-litre) custom-made cement tanks which are their principal Aedes aegypti breeding sites and (2) their pupae/person index (PPI) values to below their established 0.5-1.5 PPI arbovirus transmission-threshold value, compared to matched neighbourhoods in the: (a) pre-economic boom (2004) period in Barranquilla and (b) economically-neglected seaport city of Buenaventura. METHODS: The simple, accurate and robust water surface sweep-net/calibration factor or total count methods were used to determine the total Ae. aegypti pupae numbers in greater or less than 20-litre water-holding container types located 'inside' or 'outside' these neighbourhood premises. The women residents also participated in questionnaire-based responses about their domestic water supplies, water-storage and maintenance and mosquito life stages and disease transmission knowledge, to subsequently plan appropriate resident education programmes. Microsoft Excel 8.0 with OpenEpi was used to determine the samples sizes and the statistical values. RESULTS: Tapped water supplies to the three poor Barranquilla neighbourhoods were dramatically increased from 2004 to 2023 resulting in their residents significantly reducing their: (a) large cement water-storage tanks from 1 per 6.9 (2004) to 1 per 31.2 (2020) premises (z = 10.5: p = 0) and (b) PPI values to 0.16, 0.19 and 0.53 (mean: 0.29: 95% CI ± 0.4) in each study neighbourhood. In contrast, tapped water supplies remained inadequate in the Buenaventura neighborhoods, thereby resulting in their continued use of many large (> 1,000-litre) water-storage containers (Barranquilla: 1 per 31.2 and Buenaventura: 1 per 1.5 premises: z = - 9.26: p = 0), with unacceptably high 0.81, 0.88 and 0.99 PPI values in each study neighbourhood (mean 0.89: 95% CI ± 0.12). CONCLUSIONS: Improved tapped water supplies resulted in reduced numbers of large custom-made stoneware water-containers, as are employed by poor residents throughout the world, as well as their Ae. aegypti PPI transmission threshold values which, together with appropriate residents' education programmes, are also urgently to reduce to prevent/reduce Ae. aegypti transmitted human diseases globally.

Improving biomarker testing in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer and metastatic colorectal cancer: experience from a large community oncology network in the USA.

Aim: Biomarker testing detects actionable driver mutations to inform first-line treatment in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (aNSCLC) and metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). This study evaluated biomarker testing in a nationwide database (NAT) versus the OneOncology (OneOnc) community network. Patients & methods: Patients with aNSCLC or mCRC with ≥1 biomarker test in a de-identified electronic health record-derived database were evaluated. OneOnc oncologists were surveyed. Results: Biomarker testing rates were high and comparable between OneOnc and NAT; next-generation sequencing (NGS) rates were higher at OneOnc. Patients with NGS versus other biomarker testing were more likely to receive targeted treatment. Operational challenges and insufficient tissue were barriers to NGS testing. Conclusion: Community cancer centers delivered personalized healthcare through biomarker testing.

What is this article about? Cancer therapies often work better in certain subgroups of patients. Tumors may have characteristics that can predict which therapies may be more likely to work. These cancer biomarkers may be identified by special testing, such as next-generation sequencing (NGS). If a biomarker is detected, the patient can potentially be treated with medicine that targets that biomarker. This study looked at biomarker testing of lung and colon cancers in two community cancer practices (OneOncology [OneOnc] and nationwide database [NAT]). What were the results? The biomarker testing rates were high (≥81%) and similar between OneOnc and NAT. NGS testing rates were higher at OneOnc than at NAT (58 vs 49% for non-small-cell lung cancer, 55 vs 42% for metastatic colorectal cancer [mCRC]), suggesting the success of OneOnc's networkwide educational, pathway and operational programs. NGS testing was lower in community practices due to operational challenges and insufficient tissue collection. Patients who had NGS versus other biomarker testing were more likely to receive treatment specifically for that biomarker. However, some patients started treatment before their biomarker results were reported, usually because of their disease and a long wait time for biomarker test results. What do the results of the study mean? Community cancer centers can treat patients with targeted medicine based on biomarker testing results. There are opportunities to increase the number of patients getting NGS testing, shorten turnaround times and reduce the number of patients who start treatment before getting their biomarker test results.

[Developing scales to evaluate community practices among municipal public health nurses: content, perceptions of public health nurses, and organizational environment].

Objectives　This study aimed to develop scales for evaluating the level of implementation of community practices and explore the perception of public health nurses in municipalities regarding their community practices.Methods　Draft scales were developed based on a literature review and interviews with municipal public health nurses. Subsequently, a questionnaire survey was conducted with municipal public health nurses across Japan in response to these draft scales. Respondents were recruited based on the municipality population size. Questionnaires were distributed to 2,074 individuals from 52 municipalities ensuring representation from diverse municipalities. Exploratory factor analysis was performed to determine the number of factors, while confirmatory factor analysis was performed to determine the factor structure. The reliability of the scales was assessed by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficients, and their validity was tested by examining correlations with existing scales, namely the Moral Competence Scale for Public Health Nurses and the Professional Identity Scale for Public Health Nurses, and years of experience as a public health nurse.Results　A total of 721 (34.8%) valid respondents were included in the analysis. Three scales, methods of community practices (three factors, nine items), perceptions of public health nurses toward community residents through community practices (three factors, 10 items), and organizational environment supporting community practices (two factors, 11 items) were developed as indicators of the implementation of public health nurses' community practices. Cronbach's alpha coefficients for the three scales were 0.896, 0.913, and 0.868, respectively. As hypothesized, each subfactor exhibited a positive correlation with the existing scales. However, certain subfactors did not demonstrate any correlation with years of experience.Conclusion　The three scales developed in this study were individually examined for reliability and validity. These scales can be used independently or in combination, allowing public health nurses to select the most suitable scale(s) based on their objective.　A notable contribution of this study is the establishment of concrete indicators for evaluating community practices, addressing the previously vague nature of this evaluation. By incorporating the scale items into daily health practices, we anticipate that these indicators can be employed to evaluate community practices at the organizational and individual levels.

The value of communities and their consent: A communitarian justification of community consent in medical research.

Community engagement is increasingly defended as an ethical requirement for biomedical research. Some forms of community engagement involve asking the consent of community leaders prior to seeking informed consent from community members. Although community consent does not replace individual consent, it could problematically restrict the autonomy of community members by precluding them from research when community leaders withhold their permission. Community consent is therefore at odds with one of the central principles of bioethics: respecting autonomy. This raises the question as to how community consent can be justified or even required. This paper aims to provide an answer to this question by arguing, based on the work of Taylor and Kymlicka, that community practices are important for the identity and autonomy of community members. When these practices are incompatible with a solitary focus on individual informed consent, they need to be protected by making these decision-making practices (including asking permission to community authorities) part of the consent process. Since these decision-making practices are important for the autonomy of community members, community consent with the goal of protecting these practices is not necessarily in conflict with autonomy.

Exploring infant and young child-feeding practices among mothers of well-nourished children in northern Ghana: An INPreP substudy.

This study investigated infant and young child-feeding (IYCF) practices among mothers of well-nourished children in northern Ghana. This was a qualitative study where in-depth individual interviews were conducted with participants. The interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, and QSR Nvivo software version 11 was used to organize the data before thematic analysis. It was observed that mothers of well-nourished children were likely to adhere to breastfeeding guidelines and also practice appropriate complementary feeding. Furthermore, these mothers mostly had some form of support from their husbands and mother-in-laws in feeding their infants. While adoption and adherence to appropriate IYCF practices contribute to improved nutrition outcomes in children, social support systems are needed to sustain the practice.

Community practices in COVID-19 outbreak in rural Ballabgarh, Haryana - A mixed methods study.

Background: More than 43 million cases and 5.2 lakhs death have occurred due to COVID-19 in India. Approximately 1 lakh people (cumulative) have been infected by COVID-19 in Faridabad district alone as of 4 April 2022. To understand the effects of COVID-19 on community practices this study was conducted. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Intensive Field Practice Area of Comprehensive Rural health Services Project (CRHSP), Ballabgarh, Haryana. Five hundred participants (≥18 years) were selected by using simple random sampling from Health Management Information System (HMIS) maintained at Centre for Community Medicine, AIIMS, New Delhi. Participants were informed regarding study and consent was taken. A semi-structured interview schedule was administered. Results: Study participants included 500 adults (52.2% Male). Mean age (S.D.) of participants were 39.1 (14.9) years. Almost all participants started practicing hand sanitisation (496, 99.2%), avoiding crowd (488, 97.6%), and covering face with cloth/handkerchief (459, 91.8%). More than 80% (428, 85.6%) started using mask, and following cough etiquettes (405, 81.0%). More than three-fourth (389, 77.8%) participants were very unsatisfied with lockdown. Majority faced financial difficulties (322, 64.4%), followed by difficulty in their entertainment/recreational activity (158, 31.6%), difficulty in acquiring ration/food items (87, 17.4%) and mental stress (46, 9.2%) during lockdown. Conclusions: Rural community of Ballabgarh showed positive practices with respect to prevention of COVID-19. Financial distress and job loss due to lockdown were widely reported from the rural community. Majority of the community was displeased with lockdown as intervention for COVID-19.

Assessing Real-World Racial Differences Among Patients With Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer in US Community Practices.

Objective: Real-world data characterizing differences between African American (AA) and White women with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC) are limited. Using 9 years of data collected from community practices throughout the United States, we assessed racial differences in the proportion of patients with mTNBC, and their characteristics, treatment, and overall survival (OS). Methods: This retrospective study analyzed de-identified data from 2,116 patients with mTNBC in the Flatiron Health database (January 2011 to March 2020). Characteristics and treatment patterns between AA and White patients with mTNBC were compared using descriptive statistics. OS was examined using Kaplan-Meier analysis and a multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model. Results: Among patients with metastatic breast cancer, more AA patients (23%) had mTNBC than White patients (12%). This difference was particularly pronounced in patients who lived in the Northeast, were aged 45-65, had commercial insurance, and had initial diagnosis at stage II. AA patients were younger and more likely to have Medicaid. Clinical characteristics and first-line treatments were similar between AA and White patients. Unadjusted median OS (months) was shorter in AA (10.3; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 9.1, 11.7) vs. White patients (11.9; 95% CI: 10.9, 12.8) but not significantly different. After adjusting for potential confounders, the hazard ratio for OS was 1.09 (95% CI: 0.95, 1.25) for AA vs. White patients. Conclusions: The proportion of patients with mTNBC was higher in AA than White mBC patients treated in community practices. Race did not show an association with OS. Both AA and White patients with mTNBC received similar treatments. OS was similarly poor in both groups, particularly in patients who had not received any documented anti-cancer treatment. Effective treatment remains a substantial unmet need for all patients with mTNBC.

Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Knowledge Attitude and Practices on African Animal Trypanocide Resistance.

BACKGROUND: African trypanocide resistance is an emerging public health emergency whose control requires a revisit on farmer's knowledge, attitudes, and practices in developing countries. African animal trypanocide resistance (AATr) is rife in an environment where drug use and policy decisions are disjointed. The objective of the study was to identify community factors responsible for the development of AATr. This was important since diminazene aceturate (DA), isometamidium chloride (ISM), and homidium bromide (HB) have existed for over 30 years and no new drugs have been provided to farmers. METHODS: An electronic keyword search across 12 databases was conducted using a search criterion from 1806 to June 2022. This generated a total of 24 publications, but after removing duplicates, review articles, and nonrelated articles, a total of eight papers were included in the analysis by following the PRISMA checklist. A meta-analysis was conducted on the data extracted and the risk ratio and inverse variance at 95% confidence interval were calculated using RevMan®. RESULTS: All the eight articles in the study showed that DA was the most preferred trypanocide in both West and Eastern Africa. Poor farmer knowledge of AATr and limited drug options were major drivers for trypanocide resistance. In addition, farmer treatments, use of untrained personnel, poor administration, poor dosing, and preparation of trypanocides were major drivers for the development of AATr and similarities were identified in DA and ISM practices (P = 0.13). CONCLUSIONS: AATr is spread in developing countries due to a lack of community knowledge, attitudes, and drug-use practices. This situation could be reversed through interdisciplinary collaborations in endemic communities by promoting effective treatments and responsible drug handling.

Práticas comunitárias no enfrentamento ao covid-19 sob o olhar do materialismo histórico-dialético / Community practices on facing covid-19 through the perspective of historical-dialectical materialism / Prácticas comunitarias en el frente al covid-19 desde la perspectiva del materialismo histórico y dialéctico

A pandemia ocasionada pelo Covid-19 tem gerado efeitos nefastos em todo o mundo, expondo contradições e limites do sistema produtivo vigente. Observa-se, frente a isso, a emergência de ações visando o enfrentamento à crise sanitária envolvendo diferentes setores da sociedade. Neste ensaio, sob a ótica do materialismo histórico- -dialético, discutimos práticas comunitárias de solidariedade que surgem como uma face do enfrentamento à crise generalizada no Brasil. Embora tenham caráter transitório e não sejam suficientes para desmantelar a lógica produtiva vigente, tais práticas expressam exercícios conscientes de ação sobre o meio e denunciam a necessidade de uma nova organização societal. Em suma, identificamos ações auto-organizadas, coletivas ou individuais, que resgatam a dimensão ontológica do trabalho e fortalecem o sentido de comunidade, resultando na utilização da força de trabalho em prol de minimizar os impactos da pandemia, sobretudo às populações mais vulneráveis.

The Covid-19 pandemic has caused worldwide harmful effects, exposing contradictions and limits of the current productive system. With this, actions to confront the health crisis arise, involving different sectors of society. In this essay we discuss community practices of solidarity that emerge as a form of facing the generalized crisis in Brazil from a historical-dialectical materialist perspective. Although they are transitory and not sufficient to dismantle the current productive logic, they express conscious actions on the environment and denounce the need for a new society organization. In summary, we identified self-organized actions, collective or individual, that rescue the ontological dimension of labor and strengthens the sense of community in order to minimize the impacts of the pandemic, especially to the most vulnerable populations.

La pandemia causada por Covid-19 ha generado efectos nocivos en todo el mundo, exponiendo contradicciones y límites del sistema productivo actual. En vista de esto, surgen acciones destinadas a abordar la crisis de salud que involucra a diferentes sectores de la sociedad. En este ensayo, desde la perspectiva del materialismo histórico y dialéctico, discutimos las prácticas comunitarias de solidaridad que surgen como una cara para enfrentar la crisis generalizada en Brasil. Aunque tienen un carácter transitorio y no son suficientes para desmantelar la lógica productiva actual, tales prácticas expresan ejercicios conscientes de acción sobre el medio ambiente y denuncian la necesidad de una nueva organización social. En resumen, identificamos acciones autoorganizadas, colectivas o individuales, que rescatan la dimensión ontológica del trabajo y fortalecen el sentido de comunidad, lo que resulta en el uso de la fuerza laboral para minimizar los impactos de la pandemia, especialmente en las poblaciones más vulnerables.

Comparing cognitive outcomes among children with autism spectrum disorders receiving community-based early intervention in one of three placements.

Little comparative research examines which community-based preschool intervention placements produce the best outcomes for which children with autism spectrum disorders. Autism-specific placements can provide intensive evidence-based care; however, inclusion settings provide interaction with typically developing peers, the importance of which is increasingly recognized. This study examined the association between early intervention placement in three settings (autism-only, mixed disability, or inclusive) and cognitive outcomes upon entry into elementary school in an urban school district for 98 preschool-aged children with autism spectrum disorders. Initial child and demographic characteristics were similar among the three placements. Controlling for initial cognitive scores and other covariates, cognitive outcomes for children in inclusive placements were better than those of children in mixed disability settings. A consistent pattern emerged that suggested the particular importance of inclusive placements for children with initially greater social impairments, greater adaptive behavior impairments, and at least a baseline level of language skills. Opportunities to interact with typically developing peers may be particularly beneficial for certain subgroups of young children with autism spectrum disorders. The results provide preliminary insight into important child characteristics to consider when parents and providers make preschool early intervention placement decisions.

A Defensoria Pública e Cuidados em uma Relação de Cuidado: Um Estudo de Caso / The Public Defender in a Care Relationship: a Case Study / La Defensa Pública en una Relación de Cuidado: un Estudio de Caso

Resumo A Defensoria Pública ocupa lugar em processos judiciais de destituição do poder familiar atuando majoritariamente em favor dos pais de famílias pobres. O psicólogo na Defensoria que atua em processos judiciais é chamado de assistente técnico. O objetivo do presente artigo é discutir concepções pertinentes à atuação do psicólogo na Defensoria a partir do lugar processual do assistente técnico, especialmente compreendido dentro das políticas públicas que trabalham com famílias necessitadas nos termos da lei. Para tanto, foi feito um estudo de caso com pesquisa documental qualitativa em busca das ações radicais possíveis. Os dados e as ações foram pensados à luz das teorias winnicottianas do desenvolvimento e do conceito de juízes anexos, de Foucault. O discurso dominante na Psicologia mantém a lógica de legislações anteriores ao Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente, em que se culpabiliza a família pobre em processos de destituição do poder familiar. O assistente técnico figurou como importante ator para a inserção, no sistema de justiça, da compreensão de que um bebê não é um bebê sozinho, mas será sempre acompanhado de seus principais cuidadores, pessoas de quem ele depende e que são sujeitos que pretendem desfrutar de uma sociedade livre. A prática comunitária produziu o efeito de criar soluções para a situação que gerou sofrimento aos membros de uma família. Concluímos que teorias que associam pobreza e incapacidade de cuidar dos filhos funcionam de modo similar aos códigos minoristas anteriores ao Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente...(AU)

Abstract The Public Defender takes place in lawsuits of destitution of the family power acting largely in favor of the parents of poor families. The psychologist at Public Defender that acts in legal proceedings is called technical assistant. The purpose of this article is to discuss pertinent concepts to the psychologist’s activities in Public Defender from the procedural place of the technical assistant, especially understood within the public policies that work with needy families in accordance with law. To that end, we made a case study with qualitative documental research searching for possible radical actions. The data and actions were thought in the light of Winnicott’s development theories and the concept of attachments judges, by Foucault. The dominant discourse in psychology maintains the logic of previous legislation to the Statute of Children and Adolescents, in which blames the poor family in the family power dismissal processes. The technical assistant figured as an important actor for the inclusion, in the justice system, of the understanding that a baby is not a baby alone, but will always be accompanied by their primary caregivers, people he depends and which are subject wishing to enjoy a free society. The community practice had the effect of creating solutions to the situation that caused suffering to family members. We conclude that theories linking poverty and inability to take care of the children, they work in a similar way as minorists codes previous to Child and Adolescent Statute....(AU)

Resumen La Defensa Pública tiene lugar en la destitución del poder familiar actuando en gran medida a favor de los padres de familias pobres. El psicólogo de la Defensa Pública que actúa en los procedimientos legales se llama asistente técnico. El propósito de este artículo es discutir los conceptos pertinentes para la accíon del psicólogo en la Defensa Pública desde el lugar de asistente técnico, entendido sobre todo dentro de las políticas públicas que trabajan con las familias necesitadas de conformidad com la ley. A tal efecto, se realizó un estudio de caso con la investigación cualitativa documental en busca de posibles acciones radicales. Los datos y las acciones fueron diseñados a la luz de las teorías de desarrollo de Winnicott y el concepto de los jueces adjuntos, de Foucault. El discurso dominante en psicología mantiene la lógica de la legislación anterior en el Estatuto de los Niños y Adolescentes, en el que culpa a la familia pobre en los procesos de despido de alimentación de la familia. El asistente técnico hay figurado como un actor importante para la inclusión, en el sistema de justicia, de la comprensión que un bebé no es un bebé solo, pero siempre estará acompañado por sus cuidadores primarios, la gente que depende y que están deseando sujetos a disfrutar una sociedad libre. La práctica comunitaria produjo el efecto de crear soluciones a la situación que causó sufrimiento a los familiares. Llegamos a la conclusión de que las teorías que vinculan la pobreza y la incapacidad para cuidar de los niños trabajan de una manera similar a los códigos anteriores minoritas el Estatuto de los Niños y Adolescentes....(AU)

Desafios atuais e antigas sutilezas nas práticas da psicologia social comunitária

O texto abordará brevemente a história da psicologia nos países da América Latina e destaca a maior visibilidade das praticas da psicologia em comunidade. Isso acontece porque nos últimos anos os governos neoliberais incluíram em suas agendas de políticas públicas a participação de profissionais comprometidos com os programas comunitários. São apresentados também os fundamentos principais que são guias importantes para a realização das práticas em comunidade. Esses fundamentos apóiam -se em aportes de Ignacio Martin-Baró, Silvia Lane e da filosofia de Paulo Freire. Entre eles estão os processos de conscientização e participação, e a recuperação da memória histórica dos grupos e comunidades. É feita uma crítica ao fato do trabalho ser considerado inédito por causa principalmente de aspectos superficiais, enquanto que os seus paradigmas permanecem os mesmos. Realiza-se uma comparação da psicologia social comunitária em seu início e na atualidade, e para isso a análise utiliza as dimensões da intervenção comunitária e como isso se materializa na prática dos trabalhos em comunidade. Em continuidade, faz-se uma discussão sobre os tipos diferenciados da participação que acontecem na atualidade, e também sobre o uso generalizado e superficial de conceitos importantes para o campo comunitário. Finaliza-se com uma discussão sobre a possibilidade de mudança dos princípios e compromisso da psicologia social comunitária.

The text briefly will address the history of psychology in the countries of Latin America and highlights the greater visibility of community psychology practices in recent years. This is because in recent years neoliberal governments included in their public policy agendas the participation of professionals committed to the community programs. The article also presents the main fundamentals that are important guides to carry out community practices. These foundations rest on contributions from Ignacio Martin-Baró, Silvia Lane and philosophy of Paulo Freire. These include the processes of awareness and participation and the recovery of the historical memory of groups and communities. It made a criticism of the fact that the work be considered unprecedented mainly because of surface features, while its paradigms remain the same. Performs a comparison of community social psychology at its inception and today and that the analysis uses the dimensions of community intervention and how it materializes in the practice of community work. Continuing, it is a discussion of the different types of participation that take place today, and also about the widespread and surface use of important concepts for the community field. It ends with a discussion of the possibility of change of the principles and commitment of community social psychology.

Desafios éticos na prática em comunidade: (des)encontros entre a pesquisa e a intervenção / Ethic challenges in community pratices (un)meeting between research and intervention: (des)encuentros entre la investigación y la intervención / Los desafíos éticos en prácticas en comunidad

O presente trabalho analisa as relações entre os processos de investigação e de intervenção no campo comunitário, enfatizando duas questões centrais: a) se a investigação (pesquisa) deve conduzir a ações que também sejam comprometidas com a realidade e a transformação social; e b) se o processo de intervenção em comunidade gera conhecimentos socialmente relevantes. Para isso procede-se a uma reflexão sobre os dilemas e desafios éticos que estão presentes nas práticas comunitárias: a) relacionados às exigências metodológicas e de produção de conhecimento; b) ligados à "sensibilidade cotidiana e histórica". Indaga-se se a intervenção psicossocial capta os processos de participação e conscientização. Finaliza-se com uma exposição de aspectos importantes para a congruência metodológica e política entre intervenção e investigação psicossocial em comunidade, na perspectiva da Psicologia Social Comunitária Latino-Americana.

This paper analyzes the relationships between the processes of investigation and intervention in the community field, emphasizing two central questions: (a) whether the investigation (research) should lead to actions that are also committed to reality and social change; and (b) whether the community intervention process generates socially relevant knowledge. For that, the paper proceeds to a reflection on the dilemmas and ethical challenges that are present in the community practices: (a) related to methodological requirements and to the requirements of knowledge production; (b) linked to the "daily and historical sensitivity". It asks whether the psychosocial intervention captures the processes of participation and awareness acquisition. It ends with an exhibit of significant aspects to the methodological and political congruence between intervention and psychosocial research in community, from the perspective of the Latin American Social Community Psychology.

Este trabajo analiza las relaciones entre los procesos de investigación e intervención en el ámbito de la comunidad, haciendo hincapié en dos cuestiones centrales: (a) si la investigación (pesquisa) debe conducir a acciones que también están comprometidos con la realidad y el cambio social; y (b) si el proceso de intervención comunitaria genera conocimiento socialmente relevante. Para tanto el documento procede a una reflexión sobre los dilemas y desafíos éticos que están presentes en las prácticas en la comunidad: (a) en relación con los requisitos metodológicos y de la producción de conocimiento; (b) ligados a "la sensibilidad cotidiana y histórica". Se pregunta si la intervención psicosocial captura los procesos de participación y toma de conciencia. Se termina con una exposición de los aspectos importantes de la congruencia metodológica y política entre la intervención y la investigación psicosocial en la comunidad desde la perspectiva de la Psicología Social Comunitaria Latinoamericana.

Mangueira: a cultura comunitária e o centro cultural cartola / Mangueira: a community Culture and "Cartola" Cultural Center / Mangueira: la cultura comunitaria y el Centro Cultural Cartola

O presente trabalho analisa as relações entre os processos de investigação e de intervenção no campo comunitário, enfatizando duas questões centrais: a) se a investigação (pesquisa) deve conduzir a ações que também sejam comprometidas com a realidade e a transformação social; e b) se o processo de intervenção em comunidade gera conhecimentos socialmente relevantes. Para isso procede-se a uma reflexão sobre os dilemas e desafios éticos que estão presentes nas práticas comunitárias: a) relacionados às exigências metodológicas e de produção de conhecimento; b) ligados à "sensibilidade cotidiana e histórica". Indaga-se se a intervenção psicossocial capta os processos de participação e conscientização. Finaliza-se com uma exposição de aspectos importantes para a congruência metodológica e política entre intervenção e investigação psicossocial em comunidade, na perspectiva da Psicologia Social Comunitária Latino-Americana.

This paper analyzes the relationships between the processes of investigation and intervention in the community field, emphasizing two central questions: (a) if the investigation (research) should lead to actions that are also committed to reality and social change; and (b) if the community intervention process generates socially relevant knowledge. For it the paper proceeds to a reflection on the dilemmas and ethical challenges that are present in community practices: (a) related to methodological requirements and to the production of knowledge; (b) linked to "daily and historical sensibility". It asks if psychosocial intervention captures the processes of participation and awareness. It ends up with an exposure of significant aspects to the methodological and political congruence between intervention and psychosocial research in community from the perspective of Latin American Social Community Psychology.

Este trabajo analiza las relaciones entre los procesos de investigación e intervención en el ámbito de la comunidad, haciendo hincapié en dos cuestiones centrales: (a) si la investigación (pesquisa) debe conducir a acciones que también están comprometidos con la realidad y el cambio social; y (b) si el proceso de intervención comunitaria genera conocimiento socialmente relevante. Para tanto el documento procede a una reflexión sobre los dilemas y desafíos éticos que están presentes en las prácticas en la comunidad: (a) en relación con los requisitos metodológicos y de la producción de conocimiento; (b) ligados a "la sensibilidad cotidiana y histórica". Se pregunta si la intervención psicosocial captura los procesos de participación y toma de conciencia. Se termina con una exposición de los aspectos importantes de la congruencia metodológica y política entre la intervención y la investigación psicosocial en la comunidad desde la perspectiva de la Psicología Social Comunitaria Latinoamericana.

Hacia la construcción de las prácticas comunitarias de terapeutas ocupacionales en Chile, desde una mirada socio histórica, desde 1972 hasta la actualidad / Towards the construction of the occupational therapists community practices in Chile, from a social historic view, from 1972 until nowadays

Esta investigación, muestra la construcción de prácticas de Terapeutas Ocupacionales que, desde diversas perspectivas, han realizado trabajo comunitario en Chile, pretendiendo comprender su desarrollo en distintos contextos históricos desde 1972 hasta la actualidad, rescatando relatos en base a la experiencia, que den cuenta de la relación entre contextos socio históricos y prácticas comunitarias. La metodología utilizada para este estudio fue cualitativa. Se recopiló información mediante once entrevistas semiestructuradas y un grupo de discusión. Posteriormente, se analizó la información a través de Teoría Fundada, en diferentes categorías, abierta y axial con un eje central en discusión con planteamientos teóricos. Los hallazgos de este estudio, permiten concluir que los contextos socio históricos determinan las formas de hacer prácticas comunitarias en Chile; y éstas, a su vez, influyen en la interacción con la comunidad favoreciendo o dificultando su participación social. El Terapeuta Ocupacional es parte de ese contexto sociohistórico por lo que su identidad, equipo de trabajo y su práctica comunitaria está configurada y construida desde ahí, sin embargo, el no hacer consciente sus prácticas y cómo éstas se han construido, no permitiría establecer la dimensión política de su hacer. Ocuparse de la ocupación, junto con la cotidianeidad en el campo comunitario implica una comprensión de la realidad socio-histórica, determinando las prácticas comunitarias de los Terapeutas Ocupacionales así como la construcción de comunidad.

This investigation will show the process of constructing Occupational Therapy practices that have been realized from various perspectives via community work in Chile, attempting to understand its development in the different social and historical periods since 1972 until the present time, emphasizing experience accounts, wich make clear the relation between social and historical contexts and practices. The methodology employed in this work was qualitative with information based on eleven semi-structured interviews and a discussion group. The information was analyzed using the Grounded Theory, through opened and axial categories, related to a central theoretical axis. The findings conclude that the social and historical contexts determine the way of doing community practice in Chile, and these affect the interaction with community, favoring or making difficult their social participation. The therapist is part of that social and historical context. Therefore, his identity, work team and community practice are constructed there. Nevertheless, if he does not become conscious of his practice and how it has been constructed, he will not build the political dimension of his work. To be in charge of daily occupation in the community field involves an understanding of the social and historical reality, determining the community practices of the Occupational Therapists and likewise the construction of community.