RESUMO
Various attributes are hypothesized to facilitate the dominance of an invasive species in non-native geographical and ecological regimes. To explore the characteristic invasive attributes of the family Asteraceae, a comparative study was conducted among nine species of this family, co-occurring in the western Himalayan region. Based on their nativity and invasion status, the species were categorized as "Invasive", "Naturalized", and "Native". Fifteen plant functional traits, strongly linked with invasion, were examined in the test species. The analyses revealed a strong dissimilarity between all the plant functional traits (except leaf carbon [Leaf C]) represented by "Invasive" and "Native" categories and most of the traits (except leaf area [LA], leaf nitrogen [Leaf N], Leaf C, and leaf carbon-nitrogen ratio [C: N]) represented by the "Naturalized" and "Native" categories. Similarly, "Invasive" and "Naturalized" categories also varied significantly for most of the traits (except Leaf N, Leaf C, capitula per m² population [Cm²], seeds per capitula [Scapitula], and seed mass). Invasive species are characterized by high LA, specific leaf area [SLA] and germination, and low C:N and leaf construction costs [LCC]. Most of the traits represented by native species justify their non-invasive behavior; whereas the naturalized species, despite having better size metrics (plant height), resource investment strategy (aboveground non-reproductive biomass [BNR], and aboveground reproductive biomass [BR]), and reproductive output (capitula per individual plant [Cplant], and seeds per individual plant [Splant]) failed to invade, which implies that the role of these functional aspects in imparting invasion potential to a species is not consistent in all the ecosystems and/or phylogenetic groups. Results of PCA revealed that trait divergence plays a more imperative role in invasion success than naturalization in the species of the family Asteraceae. The present study is intended to refine the pre-generalized invasion concepts associated with family Asteraceae to ensure more accurate identification of the potential invaders and better management of the existing ones.
Assuntos
Asteraceae , Espécies Introduzidas , Asteraceae/fisiologia , Asteraceae/genética , Folhas de Planta/fisiologia , Folhas de Planta/anatomia & histologia , Folhas de Planta/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Carbono/metabolismo , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Artemisia subg. Seriphidium, one of the most species-diverse groups within Artemisia, grows mainly in arid or semi-arid regions in temperate climates. Some members have considerable medicinal, ecological, and economic value. Previous studies on this subgenus have been limited by a dearth of genetic information and inadequate sampling, hampering our understanding of their phylogenetics and evolutionary history. We therefore sequenced and compared the chloroplast genomes of this subgenus, and evaluated their phylogenetic relationships. RESULTS: We newly sequenced 18 chloroplast genomes of 16 subg. Seriphidium species and compared them with one previously published taxon. The chloroplast genomes, at 150,586-151,256 bp in length, comprised 133 genes, including 87 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, 8 rRNA genes, and one pseudogene, with GC content of 37.40-37.46%. Comparative analysis showed that genomic structures and gene order were relatively conserved, with only some variation in IR borders. A total of 2203 repeats (1385 SSRs and 818 LDRs) and 8 highly variable loci (trnK - rps16, trnE - ropB, trnT, ndhC - trnV, ndhF, rpl32 - trnL, ndhG - ndhI and ycf1) were detected in subg. Seriphidium chloroplast genomes. Phylogenetic analysis of the whole chloroplast genomes based on maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses resolved subg. Seriphidium as polyphyletic, and segregated into two main clades, with the monospecific sect. Minchunensa embedded within sect. Seriphidium, suggesting that the whole chloroplast genomes can be used as molecular markers to infer the interspecific relationship of subg. Seriphidium taxa. CONCLUSION: Our findings reveal inconsistencies between the molecular phylogeny and traditional taxonomy of the subg. Seriphidium and provide new insights into the evolutionary development of this complex taxon. Meanwhile, the whole chloroplast genomes with sufficiently polymorphic can be used as superbarcodes to resolve interspecific relationships in subg. Seriphidium.
Assuntos
Artemisia , Genoma de Cloroplastos , Artemisia/genética , Filogenia , Teorema de Bayes , GenômicaRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Understanding diaspore morphology and how much a species invests on dispersal appendages is key for improving our knowledge of dispersal in fragmented habitats. We investigate diaspore morphological traits in high-Andean Compositae and their main abiotic and biotic drivers and test whether they play a role in species distribution patterns across the naturally fragmented high-Andean grasslands. METHODS: We collected diaspore trait data for 125 Compositae species across 47 tropical high-Andean summits, focusing on achene length and pappus-to-achene length ratio, with the latter as a proxy of dispersal investment. We analysed the role of abiotic (temperature, elevation and latitude) and biotic factors (phylogenetic signal and differences between tribes) on diaspore traits and whether they are related to distribution patterns across the Andes, using phylogenomics, distribution modelling and community ecology analyses. KEY RESULTS: Seventy-five percent of the studied species show small achenes (lengthâ <3.3 mm) and 67% have high dispersal investment (pappus length at least two times the achene length). Dispersal investment increases with elevation, possibly to compensate for lower air density, and achene length increases towards the equator, where non-seasonal climate prevails. Diaspore traits show significant phylogenetic signal, and higher dispersal investment is observed in Gnaphalieae, Astereae and Senecioneae, which together represent 72% of our species. High-Andean-restricted species found across the tropical Andes have, on average, the pappus four times longer than the achene, a significantly higher dispersal investment than species present only in the northern Andes or only in the central Andes. CONCLUSIONS: Small achenes and high diaspore dispersal investment dominate among high-Andean Compositae, traits typical of mostly three tribes of African origin; but traits are also correlated with the environmental gradients within the high-Andean grasslands. Our results also suggest that diaspore dispersal investment is likely to shape species distribution patterns in naturally fragmented habitats.
Assuntos
Asteraceae , Filogenia , Ecossistema , Ecologia , ClimaRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The Greater Cape Floristic Region is one of the world's biodiversity hotspots and is considered poor in polyploids. To test this assumption, ploidy variation was investigated in a widespread Cape shrub Dicerothamnus rhinocerotis (renosterbos, Asteraceae). The aim is to elucidate the cytotype distribution and population composition across the species range, and to assess differences in morphology, environmental niches, and genetics. METHODS: Ploidy level and genome size were determined via flow cytometry, cytotype assignment was confirmed by chromosome counting. RADseq analyses were used to infer genetic relationships. Cytotype climatic and environmental niches were compared using a range of environmental layers and a soil model, while morphological differences were examined using multivariate methods. KEY RESULTS: The survey of 171 populations and 2370 individuals showed that the species comprises diploid and tetraploid cytotypes, no intermediates and only 16.8 % of mixed populations. Mean 2C-values are 1.80-2.06 pg for diploids and 3.48-3.80 pg for tetraploids, with very similar monoploid genome sizes. Intra-cytotype variation showed a significant positive correlation with altitude and longitude in both cytotypes and with latitude in diploids. Although niches of both cytotypes are highly equivalent and similar, their optima and breadth are shifted due to differences mainly in isothermality and available water capacity. Morphometric analyses showed significant differences in the leaves and corolla traits, in the number of florets per capitulum, and cypsela dimensions between the two cytotypes. Genetic analyses revealed four groups, three of them including both cytotypes. CONCLUSIONS: Dicerothamnus rhinocerotis includes two distinct cytotypes that are genetically similar. While tetraploids arise several times independently within different genetic groups, morphological and ecological differences are evident between cytotypes. Our results open up new avenues for questions regarding the importance of ploidy in the megadiverse Cape flora, and exemplify the need for population-based studies focused on ploidy variation.
RESUMO
The sesquiterpene lactones (SLs) are secondary plant metabolites, which are widespread in the Compositae/Asteraceae plant family. The first SLs were detected more than 100 years ago, and allergic contact dermatitis from Compositae has been reported since the beginning of the 1900s, but it was not until the late 1960s and early 1970s that a collaboration between dermatologists, chemists and botanists led to the detection of SLs as the main allergens of Compositae plants. In the 1980s, the SL mix, consisting of equimolar amounts of alantolactone, costunolide and dehydrocostus lactone, was developed as a screening agent for Compositae sensitisation. Today, after inclusion of SL mix in the baseline series, the mean prevalence of reactions in Europe is around 1%, and in North America 0.8%. In countries outside Europe and North America, the prevalence ranges between 0% and 10.7%. The detection rate of SL mix is lower than that of some plant extracts, and ideally, SL mix should be supplemented with a mix of SLs from locally prevalent allergenic plants. The prevalence of positive reactions to SL mix suggests continued baseline testing in most European countries, North America, New Zealand, Australia and probably some Chinese centres.
Assuntos
Asteraceae , Dermatite Alérgica de Contato , Sesquiterpenos , Humanos , Dermatite Alérgica de Contato/diagnóstico , Testes do Emplastro , Alérgenos , Lactonas , PlantasRESUMO
One new sesquiterpene, (6S,7R,11S)-13-carboxy-1(10)-en-dihydroartemisinic acid (1), together with three known sesquiterpenes, ainsliaea acid B (2), mongolicumin B (3), and 11ß,13-dihydroxydeacetylmatricarin (4) were isolated from Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz. The structures were established on the basis of UV, IR, HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, ECD spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis. Compound 1 was found to have potential anti-inflammatory activity and could reduce LPS-induced NO levels in murine macrophage, with inhibitory rate of 37%.
Assuntos
Asteraceae , Sesquiterpenos , Taraxacum , Animais , Camundongos , Taraxacum/química , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Macrófagos , Sesquiterpenos/farmacologia , Sesquiterpenos/química , Estrutura MolecularRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) to Compositae is caused by sensitisation to sesquiterpene lactones (SQLs) and subsequent exposure can occur from direct handling or from airborne transmission. Plants from the Compositae family are ubiquitous globally and their plant extracts are also used in various products. OBJECTIVES: Investigation of contact allergy (CA) and allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) to Compositae at a single dermatology centre. METHODS: A retrospective case review was performed on patients undergoing patch testing to Compositae between January 2011 and December 2020 in Melbourne, Australia. RESULTS: Of 3679 patients, 44 (1.2%) patch tested positive to Compositae and 19 (43.2%) reactions were deemed relevant. Thirteen cases (68.4%) were from direct contact with Compositae plants, mostly in gardeners. Six cases (31.6%) were from personal products and all these patients were female. Involvement of the face was significant (p = 0.007). Simultaneous allergic reactions included SQL mix in eight (42.1%), fragrance mix in seven (36.8%), potassium dichromate in three (15.8%) and colophonium in two (10.5%) cases. CONCLUSION: Contact with Compositae from gardening contributed most cases of ACD; however, personal products accounted almost one-third of cases. Treatment options remain limited and avoidance is the most important aspect of management.
Assuntos
Asteraceae , Dermatite Alérgica de Contato , Sesquiterpenos , Alérgenos , Asteraceae/efeitos adversos , Austrália/epidemiologia , Dermatite Alérgica de Contato/diagnóstico , Dermatite Alérgica de Contato/etiologia , Humanos , Testes do Emplastro/métodos , Plantas , Estudos Retrospectivos , Sesquiterpenos/efeitos adversosRESUMO
The sunflower family, Asteraceae, comprises 10% of all flowering plant species and displays an incredible diversity of form. Asteraceae are clearly monophyletic, yet resolving phylogenetic relationships within the family has proven difficult, hindering our ability to understand its origin and diversification. Recent molecular clock dating has suggested a Cretaceous origin, but the lack of deep sampling of many genes and representative taxa from across the family has impeded the resolution of migration routes and diversifications that led to its global distribution and tremendous diversity. Here we use genomic data from 256 terminals to estimate evolutionary relationships, timing of diversification(s), and biogeographic patterns. Our study places the origin of Asteraceae at â¼83 MYA in the late Cretaceous and reveals that the family underwent a series of explosive radiations during the Eocene which were accompanied by accelerations in diversification rates. The lineages that gave rise to nearly 95% of extant species originated and began diversifying during the middle Eocene, coincident with the ensuing marked cooling during this period. Phylogenetic and biogeographic analyses support a South American origin of the family with subsequent dispersals into North America and then to Asia and Africa, later followed by multiple worldwide dispersals in many directions. The rapid mid-Eocene diversification is aligned with the biogeographic range shift to Africa where many of the modern-day tribes appear to have originated. Our robust phylogeny provides a framework for future studies aimed at understanding the role of the macroevolutionary patterns and processes that generated the enormous species diversity of Asteraceae.
Assuntos
Asteraceae/genética , Evolução Biológica , Genoma de Planta/genética , Filogenia , África , Ásia , Asteraceae/classificação , Magnoliopsida/genética , América do Norte , América do SulRESUMO
Four new germacrane-type sesquiterpenoids (1-4) and two new guaiane-type sesquiterpenoids (5-6) were isolated from the fruits of Xanthium italicum Moretti. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis and X-ray diffraction experiment. Compounds 1, 2 and 6 showed the anti-inflammatory effects against the activation of NF-κB induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with IC50 values of 20.12, 22.89 and 68.66 µM, respectively.
Assuntos
Sesquiterpenos , Xanthium , Xanthium/química , Frutas/química , Estrutura Molecular , Sesquiterpenos/farmacologia , Sesquiterpenos/química , Lipopolissacarídeos/farmacologiaRESUMO
Two new flavonoid glycosides named 6-hydroxy-3-methoxy-apigenin 7-O-α-Ê-rhamnopyranoside (1) and 3-hydroxyl-apigenin 8-C-ß-á´ -xylopyranoside (2), along with five known compounds (3-7), were isolated from Xanthium strumarium. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic and physicochemical analyses. All compounds were evaluated for in vitro inhibitory activity against PTP1B. Among them, compounds 1 and 5 showed significant inhibitory activity on PTP1B with IC50 values of 11.3 ± 1.7 and 8.9 ± 0.7 µM, respectively.
Assuntos
Flavonoides , Glicosídeos , Proteína Tirosina Fosfatase não Receptora Tipo 1 , Xanthium , Flavonoides/farmacologia , Glicosídeos/farmacologia , Estrutura Molecular , Compostos Fitoquímicos/farmacologia , Proteína Tirosina Fosfatase não Receptora Tipo 1/antagonistas & inibidores , Xanthium/químicaRESUMO
A novel ent-pimarane-type diterpenoid, sigesbeckia J (1), along with two known diterpenoids, siegesbeckia acid (2) and ent-18-acetoxy-16R,17-dihydroxykauran-19-oic acid (3), were isolated from the aerial parts of Sigesbeckia glabrescens Makino. Their chemical structures were elucidated based on extensive spectroscopic interpretation. The absolute configuration of ent-pimarane-type diterpenoid (1) was determined by comparing experimental and calculated ECD spectra. Compared with the positive control minocycline (IC50 32.84 µM), compound 1 exhibited moderate cell growth anti-inflammatory activities in vitro by testing their inhibition of LPS-induced NO production in BV2 microglial cells, with IC50 value of 58.74 µM.
Assuntos
Asteraceae , Diterpenos , Abietanos/farmacologia , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Diterpenos/farmacologia , Estrutura MolecularRESUMO
A pair of new lignans [(+)- 1 and (-)- 1] and three new compounds (2-4), together with a known compound 5, were isolated from the fruits of Xanthium italicum Moretti. The structures of these compounds were determined on the basis of spectroscopic analysis, particularly HR-ESI-MS and 1 D and 2 D NMR. Compounds 2 and 3 showed antinociceptive effects in an acetic acid-induced writhing test in mice with the writhe inhibition rates of 80.50% and 67.89% at the dose of 20 mg/kg, respectively.
Assuntos
Diterpenos , Lignanas , Xanthium , Animais , Frutas/química , Glicosídeos/química , Lignanas/análise , Lignanas/farmacologia , Camundongos , Estrutura Molecular , Xanthium/químicaRESUMO
CONTEXT: Developing effective drugs to treat myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion (MI/R) injury is imperative. Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) have had considerable success in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Elucidating the mechanisms by which TCMs improve MI/R injury can supplement the literature on MI/R prevention and treatment. OBJECTIVE: To summarise TCMs and their main protective mechanisms against MI/R injury reported over the past 40 years. METHODS: Relevant literature published between 1980 and 2020 in Chinese and English was retrieved from the Web of Science, PubMed, SpringerLink, PubMed Central, Scopus, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases. Search terms included 'medicinal plants', 'myocardial ischaemia reperfusion injury', 'Chinese medicine prescriptions', 'mechanisms', 'prevention', 'treatment' and 'protection'. For inclusion in the analysis, medicinal plants had to be searchable in the China Medical Information Platform and Plant Database. RESULTS: We found 71 medicinal species (from 40 families) that have been used to prevent MI/R injury, of which Compositae species (8 species) and Leguminosae species (7 species) made up the majority. Most of the effects associated with these plants are described as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. Furthermore, we summarised 18 kinds of Chinese compound prescriptions, including the compound Danshen tablet and Baoxin pill, which mainly reduce oxidative stress and regulate mitochondrial energy metabolism. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: We summarised TCMs that protect against MI/R injury and their pharmacological mechanisms. This in-depth explanation of the roles of TCMs in MI/R injury protection provides a theoretical basis for the research and development of TCM-based treatment drugs.
Assuntos
Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas , Traumatismo por Reperfusão Miocárdica , Plantas Medicinais , Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , China , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/química , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/farmacologia , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Medicina Tradicional Chinesa , Traumatismo por Reperfusão Miocárdica/tratamento farmacológico , Traumatismo por Reperfusão Miocárdica/prevenção & controleRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Fragrances are the most common cause of cosmetic contact allergy. Up-to-date information on contact allergy frequencies and relevance aids primary and secondary preventive measures. OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence, associated factors, and concomitant reactions in fragrance allergy among Thais. METHODS: This retrospective study collected data from 2012 to 2019. The patient characteristics of fragrance and nonfragrance allergy groups were compared. Concurrent positive reactions to fragrance allergens (fragrance mix [FM] I, FM II, Myroxylon pereirae resin and hydroxyisohexyl 3-cyclohexene carboxaldehyde) and other baseline-series allergens were analysed. RESULTS: Of 1032 patients, 175 (17.0%) had fragrance allergy, with 57.7% of clinical relevance. FM I showed the highest prevalence (9.4%). The associated factors were being elderly, lesions on the extremities, metal allergy history, and long dermatitis duration. Contact allergies to epoxy resin and Compositae plants were significantly associated with fragrance allergy with an odds ratio of 5.95 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.21-6.80) and an odds ratio of 4.42 (95% CI: 1.58-12.36), respectively. No significant associations between colophonium (previously proposed as a fragrance marker) and fragrance allergens were found. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of fragrance contact allergy remains high and should be considered in old patients presenting with long-standing eczema on the extremities. Unlike reports from other countries, varied, significant, concomitant reactions were observed.
Assuntos
Alérgenos/efeitos adversos , Cosméticos/efeitos adversos , Dermatite Alérgica de Contato/epidemiologia , Odorantes , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Asteraceae/efeitos adversos , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Dermatite Alérgica de Contato/etiologia , Resinas Epóxi/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Testes do Emplastro , Prevalência , Estudos Retrospectivos , Tailândia/epidemiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Ten thiophene derivatives (1-10), including two previously undescribed ones (1 and 2), have been obtained and structurally characterized from the aerial parts of a traditional Chinese herb Eclipta prostrata. Six of them with one chiral center were identified to be scalemic mixtures, and the pure enantiomers of two isolates (1 and 3) were successfully separated via chemical derivatization and chiral HPLC, with the absolute configurations being established by analysis of optical rotations. All the thiophenes were subjected to a series of assays and compounds 9 and 10 exhibited mild antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus.[Formula: see text].
Assuntos
Eclipta , Estrutura Molecular , Componentes Aéreos da Planta , Extratos Vegetais , Tiofenos/farmacologiaRESUMO
Three endophytic fungi isolated from Moquiniastrum polymorphum (Less.) G. Sancho (Asteraceae) were cultivated using the one strain many compounds (OSMAC) strategy to evaluate the production of griseofulvin derivatives. Extracts obtained were analyzed by HPLC-MS/MS and the chromatographic and spectrometric data used to elaborate a feature-based molecular network (FBMN) through the GNPS platform. This approach allowed the observation of differences such as medium-specific and strain-specific production of griseofulvin derivatives and variations of cytotoxic activity in most extracts. To evaluate the efficiency of the OSMAC approach allied with FBMN analysis in the prospection of compounds of biotechnological interest, griseofulvin and 7-dechlorogriseofulvin were isolated, and the relative concentrations were estimated in all culture media using HPLC-UV, allowing for the inference of the best strain-medium combinations to maximize its production. Malt extract-peptone broth and Wickerham broth media produced the highest concentrations of both secondary metabolites.
Assuntos
Asteraceae/microbiologia , Endófitos/química , Fungos/química , Griseofulvina/análogos & derivados , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Griseofulvina/análise , Espectrometria de Massas em TandemRESUMO
Biodiversity is not evenly distributed among related groups, raising questions about the factors contributing to such disparities. The sunflower family (Asteraceae, >26,000 species) is among the largest and most diverse plant families, but its species diversity is concentrated in a few subfamilies, providing an opportunity to study the factors affecting biodiversity. Phylotranscriptomic analyses here of 244 transcriptomes and genomes produced a phylogeny with strong support for the monophyly of Asteraceae and the monophyly of most subfamilies and tribes. This phylogeny provides a reference for detecting changes in diversification rates and possible factors affecting Asteraceae diversity, which include global climate shifts, whole-genome duplications (WGDs), and morphological evolution. The origin of Asteraceae was estimated at ~83 Mya, with most subfamilies having diverged before the Cretaceous-Paleocene boundary. Phylotranscriptomic analyses supported the existence of 41 WGDs in Asteraceae. Changes to herbaceousness and capitulescence with multiple flower-like capitula, often with distinct florets and scaly pappus/receptacular bracts, are associated with multiple upshifts in diversification rate. WGDs might have contributed to the survival of early Asteraceae by providing new genetic materials to support morphological transitions. The resulting competitive advantage for adapting to different niches would have increased biodiversity in Asteraceae.
Assuntos
Asteraceae/genética , Biodiversidade , Evolução Molecular , Duplicação Gênica/genética , Genoma de Planta/genética , Filogenia , Poliploidia , Transcriptoma/genéticaRESUMO
CONTEXT: The traditional drying method, sun drying, for Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. cv. Hang-ju (Compositae) (HJ) is widely replaced by sulphur fumigation (SF), which has an unknown effect on its efficacy. OBJECTIVE: To investigate protective effects of nonfumigated HJ (NHJ) and sulphur-fumigated HJ (SHJ) water extracts against oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats were administered high-fat diet to induce hyperlipidaemia and randomly divided into eight groups (n = 6): control, fenofibrate, NHJ and SHJ extracts (1, 2 or 4 g crude drugs/kg/d; intragastric administration for 8 weeks). Serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were detected. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with NHJ and SHJ extracts (50, 100 or 200 µg/mL) for 24 h, followed by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL, 20 µg/mL) for 2 h in vitro. Cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), SOD and MDA levels and apoptosis were evaluated. RESULTS: NHJ was more effective than SHJ in decreasing serum TG, TC, LDL-C, LDL/HDL and MDA while increasing serum HDL-C and SOD levels at high doses. SHJ (IC50=19.9 mg/mL) suppressed HUVEC growth stronger than NHJ (IC50=186.7 mg/mL). At 200 µg/mL, NHJ was more effective than SHJ in downregulating ROS and MDA levels, reducing HUVECs apoptosis rate and elevating SOD activity in ox-LDL-treated HUVECs. CONCLUSIONS: SF causes oxidative damage and attenuates antioxidative activity in ox-LDL-treated HUVECs, which promotes lipid peroxidation. SF is not recommended for processing HJ.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Chrysanthemum , Fumigação/métodos , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Enxofre/farmacologia , Animais , Antioxidantes/isolamento & purificação , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Células Endoteliais da Veia Umbilical Humana/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Endoteliais da Veia Umbilical Humana/metabolismo , Humanos , Masculino , Estresse Oxidativo/fisiologia , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-DawleyRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Compositae plant sensitization in children is relatively frequent. From 1995-2006, we found a prevalence of 1.8% sesquiterpene lactone (SL) mix/parthenolide patch test positives among consecutive eczema patients <18 years. OBJECTIVES: To report the results of patch test screening for Compositae sensitization in patients <18 years in the last 13 years. METHODS: Children and adolescents <18 years, diagnosed with Compositae sensitization between 2007 and 2019, were included. RESULTS: Among 388 children tested, 12 (3%) were Compositae-sensitized, and 11 (2.8%) had positive reactions to SL mix. Compositae mix 5% pet. elicited positive reactions in six of seven patients tested, and dandelion extract 2.5% pet. in six of 10 patients tested. The mean age of the five girls and seven boys was 9.4 years and 11.7 years, respectively. Eleven children had a personal and one a family history of atopy, and 11 children had hand eczema. Only two were mono-sensitized to Compositae. CONCLUSIONS: SL mix is a suitable screening agent among children and adolescents in our area, well supplemented with Compositae mix 5% and dandelion extract. The study emphasizes the importance of Compositae screening in children with a personal and/or family history of atopy, hand eczema or widespread airborne dermatitis, summer exacerbation, and plant exposure.
Assuntos
Alérgenos/efeitos adversos , Asteraceae/efeitos adversos , Dermatite Alérgica de Contato/diagnóstico , Sesquiterpenos/efeitos adversos , Adolescente , Criança , Dinamarca , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Extratos Vegetais/efeitos adversos , Sesquiterpenos/administração & dosagemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Both florists' chrysanthemums (Chrysanthemum cultivars) and marguerite daisies (Argyranthemum frutescens [L.] Sch.Bip. and its varieties and cultivars) are popular ornamental plants in Denmark. OBJECTIVES: To present results of aimed patch testing with chrysanthemum and marguerite daisy extracts in Danish patients with Compositae sensitization. METHODS: The results of patch testing with chrysanthemum extract 3% petrolatum (pet.) and marguerite daisy extract 3% pet. (and possibly 1% pet.) from 1998 to 2019 were analyzed. RESULTS: Altogether, 111/191 (58%) patients tested positive to chrysanthemum extract and 104/179 (58%) tested positive to marguerite daisy. The majority was recreationally exposed, and most reactions were considered relevant. Feverfew extract 1% pet., Compositae mix 5% or 6% pet., or parthenolide 0.1% pet. may cross-react with chrysanthemum; Compositae mix seems to be best at detecting sensitization to marguerite daisy. CONCLUSIONS: In areas where exposure to chrysanthemum or marguerite daisies is prevalent, it is suggested to include extracts of these plants in the plant series to improve diagnosis of, and advice to, Compositae-allergic patients.