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1.
Neuroepidemiology ; 58(4): 264-275, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38295775

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Twelve modifiable risk factors (RFs) account for 40% of dementia cases worldwide. However, limited data exist on such factors in middle- and low-income countries. We aimed to estimate the population-attributable fractions (PAFs) for the 12 RFs in Argentina, assessing changes over a decade and exploring socioeconomic and sex influences. METHODS: We conducted cross-sectional analyses of the 12 RFs from Argentinian surveys conducted in 2009, 2015, and 2018, including 96,321 people. We calculated PAFs and stratified estimates based on sex and income. RESULTS: We estimated an overall PAF of 59.6% (95% CI = 58.9-60.3%). The largest PAFs were hypertension = 9.3% (8.7-9.9%), physical inactivity = 7.4% (6.8-8.2%), and obesity = 7.4% (6.8-7.9%). Men were more impacted by excessive alcohol, while women by isolation and smoking. Lower income linked to higher PAFs in education, hypertension, and obesity. DISCUSSION: Argentina has a higher PAF for dementia than the world population, with distinct RF distribution. PAF varied by sex and economic status, advocating tailored prevention strategies.


Assuntos
Demência , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Humanos , Argentina/epidemiologia , Feminino , Masculino , Demência/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Idoso , Fatores de Risco , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores Sexuais , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Adulto , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Disparidades nos Níveis de Saúde , Disparidades Socioeconômicas em Saúde
2.
Int J Geriatr Psychiatry ; 39(8): e6132, 2024 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39126392

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: Loneliness is common and becoming a public health concern. Although there is the clear evidence of the variable effect of temporal differences in loneliness (transient/situational and persistent/chronic) on health, their effect on dementia risk is unclear. This study aims to assess the effect of transient/situational and persistent/chronic loneliness on dementia risk. METHOD: Participants aged 55 years and older from the Hunter Community Study were recruited. Loneliness was measured using a single item measure. Dementia was defined as per International Classification of Disease-10 (ICD 10) codes. The Fine-Gray subdistribution hazard model was performed to calculate dementia risk. RESULTS: Of 1968 total participants with mean age of 66 years, (3%) 57 developed dementia and (7%) 135 died over the mean follow up of 10 years. Both persistent/chronic and transient/situational loneliness significantly increased the risk of all cause dementia in adjusted models (HR 2.74, 95% CI 1.11-6.88, p 0.03 and HR 2.35, 95% CI 1.21-4.55, p 0.01 respectively) with mean time to event of 9.7 years. Feeling lonely below the age of 70 years elevated the risk of dementia in later life (HR 4.01, 95% CI 1.40-11.50, p 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Loneliness (both persistent/chronic and transient/situational) was associated with increased risk of all cause dementia, especially if loneliness was experienced before the age of 70 years. These results suggest that promoting coping strategies for loneliness especially in persons 70 years and younger may play a role in preventing dementia.


Assuntos
Demência , Solidão , Humanos , Solidão/psicologia , Demência/psicologia , Feminino , Masculino , Idoso , Estudos Longitudinais , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de Tempo
3.
Age Ageing ; 53(Suppl 2): ii30-ii38, 2024 05 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38745491

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Dementia prevalence continues to rise. It is therefore essential to provide feasible and effective recommendations to encourage healthy brain ageing and reduce dementia risk across the population. Appropriate nutrition represents a potential strategy to mitigate dementia risk and could be recommended by clinicians as part of mid-life health checks and other health initiatives to reduce dementia prevalence. The purpose of this review is to provide a clinician-focused update on the current state of the knowledge on nutrition and dementia prevention. METHODS: Narrative review. RESULTS: Strong evidence exists to support the consumption of healthy, plant-based dietary patterns (e.g. Mediterranean, MIND or Nordic diet) for maintaining cognitive function and reducing dementia risk in later life and is supported by dementia prevention guideline from leading public health bodies (e.g. World Health Organization). Emerging evidence suggests potential cognitive benefits of consuming specific nutrients/foods (e.g. n-3 fatty acids or fish, flavonols and B-vitamins) and multi-nutrient compounds (e.g. Fortasyn Connect). Challenges and opportunities for integrating nutritional/dietary interventions for dementia prevention into clinical practice are explored in this review. CONCLUSIONS: Appropriate nutrition represents an important factor to help facilitate healthy cognitive ageing and allay dementia risk. The information provided in this article can help clinicians provide informed opinions on appropriate nutritional strategies as part of mid-life Health Checks and other risk reduction initiatives.


Assuntos
Demência , Dieta Saudável , Estado Nutricional , Humanos , Demência/prevenção & controle , Demência/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Cognição , Idoso , Envelhecimento Cognitivo/psicologia , Valor Nutritivo , Fatores de Proteção , Fatores Etários
4.
Int Rev Psychiatry ; 36(3): 196-207, 2024 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39255027

RESUMO

Physical inactivity in mid-life is a modifiable risk factor for dementia. Mild behavioral impairment (MBI) is a marker of potential neurodegenerative disease. We investigated the association between physical activity and MBI. Baseline data from the Canadian Platform for Research Online to Investigate Health, Quality of Life, Cognition, Behaviour, Function, and Caregiving in Aging (CAN-PROTECT) were used. Four categories of weekly physical activity (cardiovascular, mind-body, strength training, and physical labour) were derived from the Community Healthy Activities Model Program for Seniors questionnaire. MBI was measured using the MBI-Checklist. Multivariable negative binomial regressions modelled the association between the standardized physical activity duration and MBI severity, adjusted for age, sex, education, marital status, ethno cultural origin, occupation, hypertension, dyslipidemia, mobility, and body mass index. Every 1 SD increase in cardiovascular activity was associated with 8.42% lower MBI severity. In contrast, every 1 SD increase in physical labor duration was associated with 5.64% greater MBI severity. These associations were neither moderated by the frequency engaging in each physical activity nor by sex. Cardiovascular physical activity in older persons may reduce levels of non-cognitive dementia markers like MBI, comparable to effects seen in cognition, potentially modulating dementia risk.


Assuntos
Disfunção Cognitiva , Exercício Físico , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Idoso , Disfunção Cognitiva/fisiopatologia , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Canadá , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Demência/fisiopatologia
5.
Alzheimers Dement ; 20(7): 4625-4634, 2024 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38824659

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Recent growth in the functionality and use of technology has prompted an increased interest in the potential for remote or decentralized clinical trials in dementia. There are many potential benefits associated with decentralized medication trials, but we currently lack specific recommendations for their delivery in the dementia field. METHODS: A modified Delphi method engaged an expert panel to develop recommendations for the conduct of decentralized medication trials in dementia prevention. A working group of researchers and clinicians with expertise in dementia trials further refined the recommendations. RESULTS: Overall, the recommendations support the delivery of decentralized trials in dementia prevention provided adequate safety checks and balances are included. A total of 40 recommendations are presented, spanning aspects of decentralized clinical trials, including safety, dispensing, outcome assessment, and data collection. DISCUSSION: These recommendations provide an accessible, pragmatic guide for the design and conduct of remote medication trials for dementia prevention. HIGHLIGHTS: Clinical trials of medication have begun adopting decentralized approaches. Researchers in the field lack guidance on what would be appropriate circumstances and frameworks for what would be appropriate circumstances and frameworks for the use of decentralized trial methods in dementia prevention. The present report provides consensus-based expert recommendations for decentralized clinical trials for dementia prevention.


Assuntos
Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto , Consenso , Demência , Humanos , Demência/prevenção & controle , Demência/tratamento farmacológico , Técnica Delphi , Projetos de Pesquisa/normas
6.
Geriatr Nurs ; 60: 137-145, 2024 Sep 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39244799

RESUMO

A multimodal exercise training program might be the best way to improve motor and cognitive function in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), but this has yet to be fully proven in PD patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). This study aims to examine the feasibility and effectiveness of a theory-based, multi-component exercise intervention in older people with PD-MCI. Participants were randomized into an intervention group (n=23) and an active control group (n=23), receiving the theory-based multi-component exercise intervention and Parkinson's health exercises, respectively. All participants performed 60-minute exercise training sessions three times a week over a 12-week period. The retention rate at post-intervention was 95.7% (42/46) for the entire cohort. The attendance rates were 99.6% in the intervention group and 99.5% in the control group. No adverse events occurred. The intervention group showed significantly greater improvements than the control group in global cognitive function, executive function, physical motor function, balance and gait, depression, and quality of life. This study indicates that the theory-based multi-component exercise intervention demonstrates high feasibility in promoting exercise adherence and is an effective treatment option for older adults with PD-MCI.

7.
Nurs Health Sci ; 26(1): e13081, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38356012

RESUMO

This quasi-experimental study evaluated feasibility and preliminary efficacy of dementia-preventive educational training intervention program based on the health belief model for improving perceived health beliefs and dementia-preventive behaviors among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Two community hospitals with 72 eligible participants were chosen from 12 local institutions using simple random sampling method. One hospital (22 patients) was allocated to dementia-preventive educational training intervention, and the other hospital (23 patients) was allocated to control intervention (using simple random sampling). Primary study outcome was feasibility, and secondary outcomes were changes in dementia prevention behaviors and health belief perceptions. Recruitment rate was 62.5% (45/72) and 22 patients in each group totally completed outcome measures and attended sessions, indicating feasibility of the intervention and study design. There were no significant differences between groups at baseline. After training, participants in the intervention group had significantly higher scores than control group in prevention behaviors and perceptions of health beliefs. The intervention group experienced significant with-group changes in outcomes. Results show that conducting a subsequent fully powered experimental study is feasible, and the intervention has promising efficacy.


Assuntos
Demência , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Humanos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicações , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/prevenção & controle , Estudos de Viabilidade , Inquéritos e Questionários , Modelo de Crenças de Saúde , Demência/complicações , Demência/prevenção & controle
8.
Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act ; 20(1): 59, 2023 05 17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37198574

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Research on the association of physical activity and sedentary time with dementia is accumulating, though elusive, and the interaction effects of the two remain unclear. We analysed the joint associations of accelerometer-measured physical activity and sedentary time with risk of incident dementia (all-cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia). METHODS: A total of 90,320 individuals from the UK Biobank were included. Accelerometer-measured total volume of physical activity (TPA) and sedentary time were measured at baseline and dichotomised by median (low TPA [< 27 milli-gravity (milli-g)], high TPA [≥ 27 milli-g]; low sedentary time [< 10.7 h/day], high sedentary time [≥ 10.7 h/day]). Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the joint associations with incident dementia on both additive and multiplicative scales. RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 6.9 years, 501 cases of all-cause dementia were identified. Higher TPA was associated with a lower risk of all-cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia; the multivariate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) (95% CI) per 10 milli-g increase were 0.63 (0.55-0.71), 0.74 (0.60-0.90) and 0.69 (0.51-0.93), respectively. Sedentary time was only found to be linked to all-cause dementia, and the HR for high sedentary time was 1.03 (1.01-1.06) compared with that for low sedentary time. No additive and multiplicative relationship of TPA and sedentary time to incident dementia was found (all P values > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Higher TPA level was related to a lower risk of incident dementia irrespective of sedentary time, which highlighted the implication of promoting physical activity participation to counteract the potential detrimental effect of sedentary time on dementia.


Assuntos
Doença de Alzheimer , Demência Vascular , Humanos , Estudos de Coortes , Doença de Alzheimer/epidemiologia , Comportamento Sedentário , Bancos de Espécimes Biológicos , Estudos Prospectivos , Exercício Físico , Acelerometria , Reino Unido/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco
9.
Age Ageing ; 52(10)2023 10 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37897809

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The benefit of antiplatelet therapy in preventing cognitive impairment or dementia is uncertain. We investigated the association between antiplatelet therapy and incident cognitive impairment or dementia in randomised clinical trials. METHODS: We searched PubMed, EMBASE and CENTRAL for randomised clinical trials published from database inception through 1 February 2023. Trials that evaluated the association of antiplatelet therapy with incident cognitive impairment or dementia were included. For single-agent antiplatelet, the control group was placebo. For dual agent antiplatelet therapy, the control group was single-agent monotherapy. A random-effects meta-analysis model was used to report pooled treatment effects and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The primary outcome was incident cognitive impairment or dementia. Secondary outcomes included change in cognitive test scores. RESULTS: A total of 11 randomised clinical trials were included (109,860 participants). All reported the incidence of cognitive impairment or dementia on follow-up. The mean (SD) age of trial participants was 66.2 (7.9) years. Antiplatelet therapy was not significantly associated with a reduced risk of cognitive impairment or dementia (11 trials; 109,860 participants) (3.49% versus 4.18% of patients over a mean trial follow-up of 5.8 years; odds ratio [OR], 0.94 [95% CI, 0.88-1.00]; absolute risk reduction, 0.2% [95% CI, -0.4% to 0.009%]; I2 = 0.0%). Antiplatelet therapy was not significantly associated with mean change in cognitive test scores. CONCLUSION: In this meta-analysis, antiplatelet therapy was not significantly associated with a lower risk of incident cognitive impairment or dementia, but the CIs around this outcome do not exclude a modest preventative effect.


Assuntos
Disfunção Cognitiva , Demência , Inibidores da Agregação Plaquetária , Idoso , Humanos , Disfunção Cognitiva/diagnóstico , Disfunção Cognitiva/epidemiologia , Disfunção Cognitiva/prevenção & controle , Demência/diagnóstico , Demência/epidemiologia , Demência/prevenção & controle , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto
10.
Age Ageing ; 52(12)2023 12 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38163288

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Sleep and neurodegeneration are assumed to be locked in a bi-directional vicious cycle. Improving sleep could break this cycle and help to prevent neurodegeneration. We tested multi-night phase-locked acoustic stimulation (PLAS) during slow wave sleep (SWS) as a non-invasive method to improve SWS, memory performance and plasma amyloid levels. METHODS: 32 healthy older adults (agemean: 68.9) completed a between-subject sham-controlled three-night intervention, preceded by a sham-PLAS baseline night. RESULTS: PLAS induced increases in sleep-associated spectral-power bands as well as a 24% increase in slow wave-coupled spindles, known to support memory consolidation. There was no significant group-difference in memory performance or amyloid-beta between the intervention and control group. However, the magnitude of PLAS-induced physiological responses were associated with memory performance up to 3 months post intervention and beneficial changes in plasma amyloid. Results were exclusive to the intervention group. DISCUSSION: Multi-night PLAS is associated with long-lasting benefits in memory and metabolite clearance in older adults, rendering PLAS a promising tool to build upon and develop long-term protocols for the prevention of cognitive decline.


Assuntos
Eletroencefalografia , Consolidação da Memória , Humanos , Idoso , Estimulação Acústica/métodos , Eletroencefalografia/métodos , Sono , Cognição/fisiologia , Consolidação da Memória/fisiologia
11.
BMC Geriatr ; 23(1): 881, 2023 12 21.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38129775

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Evidence-based interventions to protect against cognitive decline among older adults at risk for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) are urgently needed. Rehabilitation approaches to support memory and behavioral/lifestyle interventions are recognized as promising strategies for preserving or improving cognitive health, although few previous interventions have combined both approaches. This paper describes the protocol of the Brain Boosters intervention, which synergistically combines training in compensatory and healthy lifestyle behaviors and supports implementation and tracking of new behaviors with a digital application. METHODS: The study utilizes a single-site, single-blinded, randomized controlled design to compare a structured lifestyle and compensatory aid intervention to an education-only self-guided intervention. We plan to enroll 225 community-dwelling adults (25% from underrepresented groups) aged 65 + who endorse subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and low baseline levels of healthy lifestyle behaviors. Both interventions will be administered in group format, consisting of 15 two-hour classes that occur weekly for ten weeks and taper to bi-monthly and monthly, for an intervention duration of 6 months. Participants in both interventions will receive education about a variety of memory support strategies and healthy lifestyle behaviors, focusing on physical and cognitive activity and stress management. The structured intervention will also receive support in adopting new behaviors and tracking set goals aided by the Electronic Memory and Management Aid (EMMA) digital application. Primary outcomes include global cognition (composite of memory, attention, and executive function tests) and everyday function (Everyday Cognition Questionnaire). Data will be collected at baseline and outcome visits, at approximately 6, 12, and 18 months. Qualitative interviews, self-report surveys (e.g., indicators of self-determination, health literacy) and EMMA data metrics will also be used to identify what components of the intervention are most effective and for whom they work. DISCUSSION: Successful project completion will provide valuable information about how individuals with SCD respond to a compensation and preventative lifestyle intervention assisted by a digital application, including an understanding of factors that may impact outcomes, treatment uptake, and adherence. The work will also inform development, scaling, and personalization of future interventions that can delay disability in individuals at risk for ADRD. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov. (NCT05027789, posted 8/30/2021).


Assuntos
Doença de Alzheimer , Disfunção Cognitiva , Envelhecimento Saudável , Idoso , Humanos , Doença de Alzheimer/epidemiologia , Doença de Alzheimer/prevenção & controle , Encéfalo , Cognição , Disfunção Cognitiva/terapia , Estilo de Vida , Método Simples-Cego
12.
Aging Ment Health ; 27(11): 2111-2119, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36995254

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the feasibility of a proof-of-concept multidomain dementia risk reduction intervention. METHOD: An 8-week, parallel-group RCT, focused on increasing adherence to lifestyle domains of Mediterranean diet (MeDi), Physical Activity (PA), and Cognitive Engagement (CE). Feasibility was evaluated against the Bowen Feasibility Framework objectives of: Acceptability of the intervention, compliance with the protocol, and efficacy of the intervention to change behaviour in the three domains of interest. RESULTS: High acceptability of the intervention was demonstrated through a participant retention rate of 80.7% (Intervention: 84.2%; Control: 77.4%). Compliance to the protocol was strong with 100% of participants completing all educational modules and all MeDi and PA components, with 20% compliance for CE. Linear mixed models demonstrated efficacy to change behaviour through significant effects of adherence to MeDi (χ2 = 16.75, df = 3, p < .001) and CE (χ2 = 9.83, df = 3, p =.020), but not PA (χ2 = 4.48, df = 3, p =.211). CONCLUSION: Overall the intervention was shown to be feasible. Recommendations for future trials in this area are: The implementation of practical, one-on-one sessions as they are more effective than passive education at eliciting behaviour change; use of booster sessions to increase likelihood of lifestyle changes being sustained; and collection of qualitative data to identify barriers to change.


Assuntos
Disfunção Cognitiva , Demência , Humanos , Estudos de Viabilidade , Disfunção Cognitiva/prevenção & controle , Comportamento de Redução do Risco , Encéfalo
13.
Int J Mol Sci ; 24(17)2023 Aug 22.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37685872

RESUMO

Blood proteins can be used for biomarkers to monitor the progression of cognitive decline, even in the early stages of disease. In this study, we developed a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based blood test to identify plasma proteins that can be used to detect mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Using this system, we quantified plasma proteins using isotope-labeled synthetic peptides. A total of 192 patients, including 63 with AD, 71 with MCI, and 58 non-demented controls (NDCs), were analyzed. Multinomial regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were performed to identify specific combinations of plasma protein panels that could differentiate among NDCs, those with MCI, and those with AD. We identified eight plasma protein biomarker candidates that can be used to distinguish between MCI and AD. These biomarkers were associated with coagulation pathways, innate immunity, lipid metabolism, and nutrition. The clinical potential to differentiate cognitive impairment from NDC was assessed using area under the curve values from ROC analysis, which yielded values of 0.83 for males and 0.71 for females. This LC-MS-based plasma protein panel allows the pathophysiology of AD to be followed through detection of cognitive decline and disease progression markers.


Assuntos
Doença de Alzheimer , Disfunção Cognitiva , Feminino , Masculino , Humanos , Doença de Alzheimer/diagnóstico , Cromatografia Líquida , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem , Disfunção Cognitiva/diagnóstico , Biomarcadores , Proteínas Sanguíneas
14.
Health Promot J Austr ; 34(2): 561-569, 2023 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35355355

RESUMO

ISSUE ADDRESSED: Encouraging people to adopt life-long habits that reduce dementia risk is necessary to manage the growing global prevalence of this condition and is, therefore, a global health priority. Current initiatives promoting risk-reducing behaviour primarily attract participants from a limited range of backgrounds, even if widely available. This may inadvertently increase health inequities, as the people who are most likely to develop dementia are the people who are least involved in risk-reduction initiatives. Interpersonal communication can effectively disseminate health messages to demographically diverse populations and may, therefore, broaden the reach of dementia risk-reduction information. METHODS: Coding reliability thematic analysis was used to categorise reports of information sharing provided by participants from one global online dementia risk education initiative, the Preventing Dementia Massive Open Online Course, or MOOC. These reports of information sharing were provided in response to the feedback question: "If you have already applied your MOOC learning, please tell us how." RESULTS: Information was reportedly shared with a wide range of people, including those from demographic groups that are under-represented among Preventing Dementia MOOC participants. Information about specific risk factors was shared, along with general information about the course and/or dementia risk reduction. Some participants also reported that the people they shared information with were initiating risk-reducing behaviours. CONCLUSION: Interpersonal communication has the potential to disseminate dementia risk reduction information to, and promote behaviour change among, a broad group of people at risk of dementia, thereby increasing equity in dementia risk education.


Assuntos
Demência , Educação a Distância , Humanos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Comunicação , Fatores de Risco , Demência/prevenção & controle
15.
Age Ageing ; 51(3)2022 03 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35348603

RESUMO

AIM: to evaluate self-reported physical activity (PA) participation trajectories over a 6-year span and to assess associations with subsequent cognitive decline, incident dementia and all-cause mortality. METHODS: population-based cohort of 8,842 community-dwelling adults aged ≥50 years in England. Group-based trajectory modelling was used to identify 6-year trajectories of PA participation. Cognitive decline, incident dementia and all-cause mortality were outcomes. RESULTS: five trajectories were identified, including persistently low (N = 2,511), initially low then improving (1,651), initially high then declining (249), persistently moderate (2,422) and persistently high (2,009). Compared with persistently low, participants of initially low then improving and persistently high PA participation experienced decelerated global cognitive decline of 0.012 standard deviation (SD)/year (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.004-0.021, P = 0.004) and 0.021 SD/year (95% CI: 0.013-0.029, P < 0.001). They were also associated with lower dementia risk, with multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of 0.43 (95% CI: 0.31-0.60) and 0.35 (95% CI: 0.27-0.45). A similar pattern was observed for all-cause mortality, with HRs of 0.31 (95% CI: 0.13-0.74) and 0.25 (95% CI: 0.14-0.45). No significant differences were observed between persistently low and initially high then declining trajectories. CONCLUSION: for middle-aged and older adults, both gradually improved and persistently active PA participation were associated with decelerated cognitive decline, lower risk of dementia and all-cause mortality. Strategies focusing on improving and maintaining PA participation could be of significance by attaining considerable neurocognitive and longevity benefits.


Assuntos
Disfunção Cognitiva , Demência , Idoso , Disfunção Cognitiva/diagnóstico , Disfunção Cognitiva/epidemiologia , Estudos de Coortes , Demência/diagnóstico , Exercício Físico , Humanos , Vida Independente , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
16.
Age Ageing ; 51(10)2022 10 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36273347

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: subjective cognitive decline (SCD) refers to the subjective experience of cognitive decline in the absence of detectable cognitive impairment. SCD has been largely studied as a risk condition for cognitive decline. Empirical observations suggest that persons with SCD are heterogeneous, including individuals with early Alzheimer's disease and others with psychological vulnerabilities and/or physical comorbidity. The semiology of SCD is still in its infancy, and the features predicting cognitive decline are poorly defined. The present study aims to identify subgroups of SCD using a data-driven approach and study their clinical evolution across 8 years. METHODS: the study population is the InveCe.Ab population-based cohort, including cognitively unimpaired people aged 70-74 years and followed for 8 years. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) was carried out to identify distinct SCD subgroups based on nine clinical and cognitive features. Longitudinal changes by baseline SCD status were estimated using linear mixed models for cognitive decline and Cox proportional-hazard model for all-cause dementia risk. RESULTS: out of 956 individuals, 513 were female (54%); and the mean age was 72.1 (SD = 1.3), education was 7.2 (3.3), and 370 (39%) reported cognitive complaints (SCD). The HCA resulted in two clusters (SCD1 and SCD2). SCD2 were less educated and had more comorbidities, cardiovascular risk and depressive symptoms than SCD1 and controls. SCD2 presented steeper cognitive decline (Mini-Mental State Examination; ß = -0.31) and increased all-cause dementia risk (hazard-ratio = 3.4). CONCLUSIONS: at the population level, basic clinical information can differentiate individuals with SCD at higher risk of developing dementia, underlining the heterogeneous nature of this population even in a sample selected for a narrow age range, in a specific geographic area.


Assuntos
Doença de Alzheimer , Disfunção Cognitiva , Humanos , Feminino , Idoso , Masculino , Doença de Alzheimer/diagnóstico , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Estudos Longitudinais , Disfunção Cognitiva/diagnóstico , Disfunção Cognitiva/epidemiologia , Disfunção Cognitiva/psicologia , Testes de Estado Mental e Demência
17.
BMC Geriatr ; 22(1): 641, 2022 08 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35927646

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: It is unclear whether people with dementia (PwD) have more negative attitudes toward own aging (ATOA) than people without dementia and what factors influence ATOA among PwD. We investigated whether PwD have more negative ATOA than individuals without dementia and whether cognition and dementia subtype are associated with ATOA in PwD. METHODS: Data from the IDEAL and PROTECT studies were used to compare ATOA between 1502 PwD (mean (SD) age = 76.3 (8.5)) and 6377 individuals without dementia (mean (SD) age = 66.1 (7.1)). Linear regressions and ANOVA were used. RESULTS: PwD reported slightly more negative ATOA than people without dementia; this relationship disappeared after controlling for depression and self-rated health. In PwD more positive ATOA showed negligible associations with better general cognition, memory performance, verbal fluency, and visuospatial ability. However, after adjusting for covariates only better visuospatial ability predicted more positive ATOA. Additional analyses showed that before and after controlling for covariates, individuals with poorer self-reported visual acuity have more negative ATOA. Amongst dementia subtypes, people with Parkinson's disease dementia and dementia with Lewy bodies reported most negative ATOA. CONCLUSIONS: ATOA between PwD and people without dementia do not differ. ATOA in PwD appear to be affected not by cognitive impairment but by other characteristics that vary across dementia subtypes. Among PwD, those with Parkinson's disease dementia and dementia with Lewy bodies may have higher risk of experiencing negative ATOA due to the motor and visual impairments that they experience.


Assuntos
Demência , Doença por Corpos de Lewy , Doença de Parkinson , Idoso , Envelhecimento/psicologia , Cognição , Demência/complicações , Demência/diagnóstico , Demência/epidemiologia , Humanos , Doença de Parkinson/complicações
18.
BMC Public Health ; 22(1): 2450, 2022 12 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36577998

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: People's health belief is an important factor affecting health behavior. However, there has been little use of the health belief model (HBM) in determining the pathway effect of patients' beliefs on health behavior in dementia prevention in China. The aim of our study was to evaluate the impact of dementia prevention beliefs on health promoting lifestyle among Chinese adults. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on line by convenience sampling from January to March 2020. A survey about dementia prevention knowledge, health belief of dementia prevention and health-promoting lifestyle was completed by 1201 adults in China. Data was analyzed using a structural equation model with the analysis of moment program. RESULTS: The participants were aged 40.50 ± 12.72 years. About 70.3% of participants were female. The purposed model fit the data from the study well. Perceived barriers (total effect-0.322, P < 0.01) and perceived susceptibility (total effect -0.242, P < 0.01) had negative effects on lifestyle. Self-efficacy had promoting effects on lifestyle (total effect 0.207, P < 0.01). Perceived severity had positive effects both on perceived benefits (total effect 0.137, P < 0.01) and perceived barriers (total effect 0.202, P < 0.01), which had a contradictory effect in the formation of health belief. Perceived benefits, cues to action and self-efficacy played a partial mediating role between knowledge and health behavior. The belief of changing lifestyle to reduce the risk of dementia could explain 24.5% of health behavior (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicate that in dementia prevention, dementia prevention health belief has important influences on health behavior. Community medical staff can develop targeted dementia prevention interventions based on the health belief model in the future.


Assuntos
Demência , População do Leste Asiático , Humanos , Adulto , Feminino , Masculino , Estudos Transversais , Estilo de Vida , Modelo de Crenças de Saúde , Inquéritos e Questionários , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Promoção da Saúde , Demência/epidemiologia , Demência/prevenção & controle
19.
Aging Clin Exp Res ; 34(8): 1793-1805, 2022 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35182352

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Psychosocial factors may affect adherence to lifestyle interventions and lifestyle changes. The role of psychosocial factors in dementia prevention needs more research. We aimed at clarify the issue in the Finnish Geriatric Intervention Study to Prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability (FINGER). METHODS: The population included 1260 participants aged 60-77 years at risk for cognitive decline, randomised to a multidomain lifestyle intervention or regular health advice for 2 years. Adherence was evaluated as participation in the provided activities and actual lifestyle changes, separately for each domain (diet, exercise, social/cognitive activity, vascular risk management) and combined into multidomain. Psychosocial factors were measured at trial baseline (depressive symptoms; study perception; health-related quality of life, HRQoL) and earlier life (hopelessness; satisfaction with family life, achievements, and financial situation). RESULTS: Depressive symptoms, hopelessness, and nonpositive study perception were negatively and HRQoL positively associated with participation in the multidomain intervention. Depressive symptoms, lower HRQoL, hopelessness and dissatisfaction with financial situation were associated with unhealthier lifestyles at baseline. Baseline depressive symptoms and lower HRQoL predicted less improvement in lifestyle, but did not modify the intervention effect on lifestyle change. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Several psychosocial factors were associated with participation in lifestyle intervention, while fewer of them contributed to lifestyle changes. Although the intervention was beneficial for lifestyle changes independent of psychosocial factors, those most in need of lifestyle improvement were less likely to be active. Tailoring lifestyle-modifying strategies based on the need for psychosocial support may add efficacy in future trials. TRIAL REGISTRY: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01041989 2010-01-05.


Assuntos
Disfunção Cognitiva , Qualidade de Vida , Idoso , Disfunção Cognitiva/epidemiologia , Exercício Físico , Estilo de Vida Saudável , Humanos , Estilo de Vida
20.
Aging Clin Exp Res ; 34(6): 1275-1283, 2022 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35025095

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The causes of the dementia decrease in affluent countries are not well known but health amelioration could probably play a major role. Nevertheless, although many vascular and systemic disorders in adult life are well-known risk factors (RF) for dementia and Alzheimer disease (AD), health status is rarely considered as a single RF. AIM: To analyse whether the health status and the self-perceived health (SPH) could be RF for dementia and AD and to discuss its biological basis. METHODS: We analysed different objective health measures and SPH as RF for dementia and AD incidence in 4569 participants of the NEDICES cohort by means of Cox-regression models. The mean follow-up period was 3.2 (range: 0.03-6.6) years. RESULTS: Ageing, low education, history of stroke, and "poor" SPH were the main RF for dementia and AD incidence, whereas physical activity was protective. "Poor" SPH had a hazard ratio = 1.66 (95% CI 1.17-2.46; p = 0.012) after controlling for different confounders. DISCUSSION: According to data from NEDICES cohort, SPH is a better predictor of dementia and AD than other more objective health status proxies. SPH should be considered a holistic and biologically rooted indicator of health status, which can predict future development of dementia and AD in older adults. CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that it is worthwhile to include the SPH status as a RF in the studies of dementia and AD incidence and to explore the effect of its improvement in the evolution of this incidence.


Assuntos
Doença de Alzheimer , Demência , Idoso , Doença de Alzheimer/epidemiologia , Doença de Alzheimer/etiologia , Estudos de Coortes , Demência/epidemiologia , Demência/etiologia , Nível de Saúde , Humanos , Incidência , Fatores de Risco
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