Latinx adolescents' daily family assistance and emotional well-being before and amid the COVID-19 pandemic: A pilot measurement burst study.

This study examined Latinx adolescents' daily family assistance (assistance day, assistance time, language brokering) in relation to their daily affect and investigated whether the associations changed following the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Two waves of 14-day daily diary data collected from 13 18-year-old Latinx adolescents (ndays = 284; 77% Mexican American, 77% female) before and amid the pandemic were analyzed using multilevel modeling. Three main findings emerged: (1) assisting the family on a given day was associated with higher levels of same-day positive affect both before and during COVID-19, and with lower levels of negative affect during COVID-19; (2) longer than usual family assistance time was associated with higher levels of same-day positive affect and lower levels of negative affect only during COVID-19; (3) language brokering on a given day was associated with higher levels of same-day positive affect both before and during COVID-19. These findings suggest a positive link between daily family assistance and Latinx youth's daily emotional well-being, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Familism Values, Family Assistance, and Prosocial Behaviors Among U.S. Latinx Adolescents.

Among U.S. Mexican adolescents living in established immigrant communities, high familism values are positively associated with compliant, emotional, and dire prosocial behaviors via sociocognitive and cultural psychological mechanisms. Less is known about the behavioral mechanisms that may explain these associations, or about prosocial behaviors among U.S. Latinxs residing in emerging immigrant destinations. We examined the cross-sectional, intervening variable associations among familism values, family assistance behaviors, and culturally salient prosocial behaviors among 547 U.S. Latinx adolescents residing in an emerging immigrant destination (M age = 12.8 years; 55.4% girls). Familism values and family assistance behaviors promoted emotional and dire prosocial behaviors for boys and girls, and promoted compliant prosocial behaviors for boys only. Familism also had direct associations with all three prosocial behaviors for boys and girls. Family assistance behaviors may be a mechanism via which adolescents develop compliant, emotional, and dire prosocial behaviors.

Family Assistance Spills Over Into Prosocial Behaviors Toward Friends and Positive Academic Behaviors.

We investigate how daily family assistance predicts prosocial behaviors toward friends and positive academic behavior. Adolescents (N = 375, 57% girls, Mage = 14.57) completed diary checklists for 14 days, reporting whether they provided instrumental assistance or emotional support to family and friends, and their positive academic behaviors (e.g., studied). When adolescents provided emotional support to family, they were more likely to provide instrumental support to friends the next day. When adolescents provided emotional support to family, they were more likely to also provide emotional support to friends the next day, and vice versa (a bidirectional association). When adolescents provided instrumental support to the family, they were more likely to have at least one positive academic experience the next day.

Functional status, social support, and anxiety among postnatal women of Eastern India.

Introduction: Though becoming a mother is a joyous experience, the postpartum time can be difficult and stressful for women as they deal with significant physical alterations and adjustments to their daily routines. However, very few studies have focused on the functional well-being of the woman after childbirth. This study aims to find the level of functional status, social support, and anxiety among women attending immunization clinics. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional research design was adopted to recruit 220 women in this study from two immunization clinic centers in Bhubaneswar, Odisha. Data were collected using a self-reported sociodemographic profile, functional level scale after childbirth, modified multidimensional scale of perceived social support, and postnatal anxiety scale. Descriptive and inferential statistical tests were used for data analysis, including mean, percentage, and Fisher exact. Results: 59.5 % of women returned to a moderate level of functional status after six weeks postpartum. The majority of women, 98.6 % and 83.6 %, reported high levels of return to personal care and baby care, respectively, whereas 34.7 % had moderate levels of return to home activities and 90 % had low levels of return to community and social tasks. Also, 70 % of women had high perceived social support, and 87.7 % had no anxiety. In this study, normal delivery women had better functional status than their cesarean delivery counterparts. Moreover, functional status was significantly associated with anxiety at six postpartum weeks. Conclusion: After six weeks of childbirth, most women only partially resumed their pre-pregnancy functional state. So, much more time, rest, and support from family members were needed to recover to a fully functional level. Nurses, midwives, and the family members of women should be aware of the critical role that social support plays in enhancing a woman's functional and psychological status during the postpartum period.

Development and Validity of the Japanese Version of the Questionnaire on Factors That Influence Family Engagement in Acute Care Settings.

There exists an international consensus on the importance of family-centered care (FCC) in intensive care settings and the evaluation of collaboration between nurses and families; however, FCC is currently practiced blindly in Japan. In this study, we developed a Japanese version of the questionnaire, Factors that Influence Family Engagement (QFIFE-J) and examined its reliability and validity. A web-based survey was conducted with 250 nurses working in the intensive care unit (ICU). Exploratory and validatory factor analyses were used to ascertain factor validity. Criterion-related validity was tested using correlation analysis with the ICU Nurses' Family Assistance Practice Scale. Internal consistency and reproducibility were verified for reliability. Following exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, a 15-item measure emerged comprising four factors: "ICU environment", "nurses' attitudes", "nurses' workflow", and "patient acuity". Confirmatory factor analyses showed a generally good fit. Cronbach's α for the overall scale was 0.78, indicating acceptable internal consistency. The intraclass coefficient for test-retest reliability was 0.80. It was found that the QFIFE-J was reliable and valid and may help determine the factors that promote or inhibit FCC. Additionally, this study has also clarified the current status and family support related issues in ICUs in Japan.

Children's Provision of Family Caregiving: Benefit or Burden?

Despite the high numbers of children who provide care to family members in industrialized countries, relatively little is known about the impact of caregiving on children's development. In this article, issues related to children's caregiving, including a discussion of who provides care, the costs and benefits of caring, and directions for future research are reviewed. This review is intended to stimulate further study of this issue, particularly in clarifying who is most vulnerable to caregiving burden and understanding how caregiving affects children's lives and development.

Media Operations and Family Assistance in Mass Disaster / 대한법의학회지

The level of initial media response will depend on the type of incident and the location of occurrence. Mass fatality incidents that occur in easily accessed areas will probably attract more and longer media visibility than an incident that occurs in a remote and possibly inhospitable climate. The actions the participates take should be based on doing what is right regardless of who is watching. However, we prepared for the problems the media can cause and have the ability to solve them. Many agencies have learned the hard way that no matter how well they managed the response to an incident, if the media coverage is unfavorable, the perception will be that they did a poor job. Having a good media-management plan is also something that does not just happen. Pre-incident coordination is key, as well as having trained spokespersons who can get along with the media and understand the media's role. The quality of our response will in large part be judge by the public's perception of our actions. No matter the cause of the incident or the size of the response force, the success of any incident response will depend on how well the families were cared for. So, the family assistance operations are very important. The quality of our overall response will, in large part, be judged by our response to the families. Mistakes should not happen, but when they do, we cannot undo them. Therefore, it is critical to listen to the families, provide them with what we can, and do our best.